耐多药肺结核患者营养状况调查分析

目的 了解耐多药肺结核患者的营养状况,为促进其治疗和康复提供科学依据.方法 搜集2012-2014年间在临沂市人民医院住院治疗的109例耐多药肺结核患者,其中初治组(初治耐多药肺结核患者)58例,复治组(复治耐多药肺结核患者)51例.记录两组患者入院时体格检查和血液学检查结果,包括体质量指数(BMI):＜18.5为营养不良(消瘦),18.5～23.9为正常,≥24为超重或肥胖;血红蛋白(Hb):＜110 g/L为营养不良(贫血),110～150 g/L为正常;外周血淋巴细胞计数(TLC):＜2.0×109/L为营养不良(TLC减少),(2～3.2)×109/L为正常;血清白蛋白(Alb):＜35 g/L为营养不良(低蛋白血症),35～55 g/L为正常,按照以上指标检测结果分析比较患者的营养状况.结果 109例耐多药肺结核患者中,消瘦者占42.2％(46/109),贫血者占29.4％(32/109),TLC减少者占69.7％(76/109),低蛋白血症者占55.0％(60/109).其中初治组患者消瘦者占37.9％(22/58),贫血者占27.6％(16/58),TLC减少者占69.0％(40/58),低蛋白血症者占41.4％(24/58);复治组患者消瘦者占47.1％(24/51),贫血者占31.4％(16/51),TLC减少者占70.6％(36/51),低蛋白血症者占70.6％(36/51).初治组和复治组仅以白蛋白(ALB)评价的营养不良差异有统计学意义(x2=9.356,P＜0.05).两组各项营养指标检测结果:初治组患者的BMI、Hb、TLC、Alb水平分别为20.58、124.41 g/L、1.63×109/L、35.26 g/L;复治组患者分别为18.06、116.86 g/L、1.42×109/L、31.53 g/L,初治组患者各项指标差异均高于复治组(x2值分别为4.438、2.215、2.122、3.638,P值均＜0.05).结论 耐多药肺结核患者营养不良的发生率较高,且复治组与初治组相比营养状况更差,在临床治疗过程中,应着重考虑患者的营养状况,尽早对患者采取具有针对性的营养支持治疗措施.     

耐多药肺结核患者生命质量及其影响因素分析

目的 了解耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者的生命质量,并分析其影响因素。方法 收集云南省2012—2015年在《结核病管理信息系统》中登记治疗管理的46例MDR-TB患者(MDR-TB组),采用1∶1配比病例对照研究,选取在这期间该系统登记治疗管理的对抗结核药物治疗敏感的肺结核患者46例作为对照组。采用横断面调查的方法,用《慢性病患者生命质量测定量表》中的《肺结核患者生命质量测定量表》(Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Disease-Pulmonary Tuberculosis)测量并比较两组患者的生命质量,用多重线性回归分析法分析影响MDR-TB患者生命质量的因素。结果 MDR-TB组患者生命质量总得分、生理功能得分、心理功能得分、社会功能得分分别为(152.11±17.04)分、(35.85±5.53)分、(39.65±6.84)分、(29.52±4.92)分,低于对照组患者的(169.28±24.05)分、(41.39±5.53)分、(44.59±6.24)分、(32.91±5.66)分,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.95、4.81、3.62、3.07,P值均<0.05);多重线性回归分析显示,MDR-TB患者生命质量的影响因素为治疗持续时间(β=15.17,t=2.28,P=0.028);46例MDR-TB患者治疗前生命质量得分为(139.33±12.86)分,治疗中得分为(151.75±16.56)分,治疗后得分为(169.67±17.67)分,MDR-TB患者生命质量随着治疗时间的延长而提高。结论 MDR-TB患者生命质量低于对抗结核药物治疗敏感的肺结核患者,治疗持续时间是MDR-TB患者生命质量可能的影响因素。     

耐多药和广泛耐药肺结核患者外周血中免疫细胞的表达及其意义

目的 探讨耐多药(MDR)和广泛耐药(XDR)肺结核患者外周血CD3+CD16+CD56+自然杀伤(NK)T细胞、CD3-CD16+CD56+NK细胞和T细胞亚群的表达状态及其意义.方法 对2008年1月至2009年6月在上海市肺科医院住院的316例肺结核患者进行回顾性分析,其中男204例,女112例;年龄17～88岁,平均(44±16)岁;初治119例,复治197例.根据耐药情况分为MDR组146例,其中男102例,女44例,年龄19～84岁,平均(42±16)岁;XDR组77例,其中男42例,女35例,年龄18～88岁,平均(50±16)岁;敏感组93例,其中男60例,女33例,年龄17～83岁,平均(43±19)岁.另按照空洞所占肺野范围分为1～2个肺野组(132例)、3～4个肺野组(49例)和5～6个肺野组(9例).采用流式细胞仪抗体双标法检测患者外周血中NKT细胞、NK细胞和T细胞亚群表达率.两组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验.结果 XDR组NKT细胞和NK细胞表达率的中位数(四分位间距)[11%(6%～16%)和7%(4%～12%)]明显高于MDR组[8%(5%～14%)和6%(4%～11%)]和敏感组[7%(4%～11%)和5%(3%～9%)],3组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为6.478和8.369,均P＜0.05);XDR组男性NKT细胞和NK细胞表达率[(14±9)%和(11±7)%]明显高于女性[(9±5)%和(6±4)%],CD4T细胞表达率和CD4/CD8[(38±10)%和1.9±1.3]明显低于女性[(44±10)%和2.2±0.7],两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(z值为-2.91～2.41,P＜0.05和P＜0.01);1～2个肺野组CD4 T细胞表达率最高[(42±9)%],CD8 T细胞表达率最低[(22±8)%];5～6个肺野组CD4 T细胞表达率最低[(36±11)%],CD8 T细胞表达率最高[(28±12)%],CD4/CD8最低(1.5±0.8),差异均有统计学意义(H值为8.404～16.175,均P＜0.01).结论 NKT细胞和NK细胞表达率随结核病耐药程度加重而升高,但T细胞亚群表达率不随耐药程度加重而变化.肺结核患者的空洞范围越大,其外周血中CD4T细胞和CD4/CD8值越低,CD8T细胞值越高.XDR男性肺结核患者的细胞免疫功能损害更为明显.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the expressions and the significance of CD3+ CD16+CD56+ NKT cells,CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK cells and T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with multi-drug resistant ( MDR-TB ) and extensively drug-resistant ( XDR-TB ) pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The data of 316patients with pulmonary tuberculosis hospitalized in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2008 to June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 119 were newly diagnosed, and 197 were retreated patients.There were 204 males and 112 females, aged from 17 -88 years, mean ( 44 ± 16 ) years. According to the results of drug-resistance, these patients were divided into a MDR group, an XDR group and a sensitive group. There were 146 patients in the MDR group, with 102 males and 44 females, aged from 19 - 84years, mean ( 42 ± 16 ) years. There were 77 patients in the XDR group, with 42 males and 35 females,aged from 18 -88 years, mean (50 ± 16) years. There were 93 patients in the susceptible group, with 60males and 33 females, aged from 17-83 years, mean (43 ± 19) years. According to the distribution of cavitation in lung fields, these patients were also divided into 1 -2 lung field affected group (n = 132), 3 -4 lung field affected group ( n = 49 ) and 5 - 6 lung field affected group ( n = 9 ). The frequencies of NKT cells, NK cells and T cells from whole blood were tested by flow cytometry. Rank test (SAS software) was used for statistic analyses. Results The expression rate of NKT cells and NK cells was the highest in the XDR group [11%(6% - 16%) and 7% (4% - 12%)], as compared to the MDR group [8% (5% -14% ) and 6% (4% - 11% ) ], and the susceptible group [7% (4% - 11% ) and 5% (3% -9% ) ], the difference being statistically significant ( H = 6. 478 - 8. 369, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression rate of the NKT (14 ± 9)% and NK cells (11 ± 7)% in males of the XDR group was significantly higher than that in females [ NKT (9 ±5)% and NK cell (6 ±4)% ], while CD4(38 ± 10)% and CD4/CD8( 1.9 ± 1.3) were significantly lower than those of the females [ CD4 (44 ± 10) % and CD4/CD8 ( 2. 2 ± 0. 7 ) ], the difference being statistically significant (z = - 2. 91 - - 2. 79, P ＜ 0. 05, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The expression rate of CD4(42 ± 9)% was the highest, but CD8 (22 ± 8)% was the lowest in the 1 -2 lung field group. While in the 5-6 lung field group, the expression rate of CD4 (36 ± 11 )% was the lowest, CD8 (28 ± 12)% was the highest, and CD4/CD8 (1. 5 ±0. 8) was the lowest, the difference being statistically significant (H = 8. 404 -16. 175, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusions With the increasing level of drug resistance, the expression rate of NKT cells and NK cells increased, while the expression of T cell subsets did not change. The value of CD4 and CD4/CD8 in peripheral blood decreased, but CD8 increased as the extent of cavitation increased in these patients. The impairment of cellular immune function in XDR-TB was more prominent in male patients.     

SF-36量表在动脉粥样硬化患者中的临床应用

本文综述了近年国内外有关通过SF-36量表对动脉粥样硬化患者进行的生存质量研究,包括对动脉粥样硬化患者的生存质量测评、影响患者生存质量的主要因素和治疗方案、药物疗效、护理干预等的评价,为临床研究者改善患者生存质量提供参考。     

延伸护理对耐多药肺结核患者生命质量和治疗依从性的影响研究

目的探讨延伸护理对耐多药结核病患者治疗依从性和生命质量的影响。方法山东省胸科医院2015年1月至2016年3月期间收入院治疗的110例耐多药结核病患者,在收住院时按住院号的单双号分为常规护理组和延伸护理组,两组各55例。常规护理组患者在出院后采用常规随访,延伸护理组患者在出院后进行延伸护理;研究通过山东省胸科医院伦理委员会批准。统计分析两组患者在出院后6个月的漏服药情况、按时复诊情况和生命质量（采用《SF-36健康调查量表》中的活力、社会功能、心理健康和总体健康4项指标进行评价）改善情况。结果两组患者出院后前6个月的治疗中,延伸护理组死亡、迁往外地、失访各1例,最终纳入52例;常规护理组失访2例,最终纳入53例。延伸护理组未漏服药患者的比率（84．6％,44／52）明显高于常规护理组（58．5％,31／53）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8．13,P=0．004）。延伸护理组94．2％（49／52）的患者能按要求回院复诊,明显高于延伸护理组的77．4％（41／53）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6．10,P=0．023）;延伸护理组《SF-36健康调查量表》中的活力、社会功能、心理健康和总体健康4项指标在出院3个月时的评分[（37．05±1．05）、（38．98±1．23）、（40．05±1．07）、（51．08±2．08）分和6个月时的评分[（40．23±L57）、（40．29±2．03）、（41．95±1．27）、（53．04±2．09）分]均高于常规护理组[3个月时分别为（34．01±1．05）、（35．12±1．06）、（39．23±2．02）、（43．01±1．08）分,6个月时分别为（32．89±2．02）、（36．07±1．99）、（38．85±1．68）、（45．04±2．17）分],差异均有统计学意义（3个月时,t值分别为14．83、17．24、2．59、25．02,P值分别为0．005、0．005、0．042、0．006;6个月时,t值分别为20．76、10．76、10．65、19．24,P值分别为0．007、0．006、0．003、0．006）。结论延伸护理能够提高耐多药结核病患者的治疗依从性,改善患者生命质量;有必要就延伸护理的标准化服务进行深入研究。     

耐多药肺结核患者二线药敏试验结果分析

目的了解2006和2007年北京市耐多药病例菌株耐二线药物状况,为制定耐多药病例治疗方案提供依据。方法采用绝对浓度法对确定的43例耐多药菌株进行二线抗结核药物敏感试验。结果43例MDR-TB中XDR-TB占2.3%,耐LFX14%,耐AK,PAS,Pto均为9.3%,耐CM2.3%。69.8%的耐多药菌株对二线药敏感。结论对于耐多药病例,进行二线药敏试验,有利于耐多药结核病标准化方案和个体方案的制定。     

耐多药肺结核患者合并呼吸道感染的菌种分布及药敏分析

目的 了解耐多药肺结核患者合并呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。 方法 选取上海市肺科医院2007年1月-2009年12月住院耐多药肺结核合并呼吸道感染痰菌培养阳性病例127例及同期住院初治肺结核合并呼吸道感染痰菌培养阳性病例432例进行痰培养细菌鉴定及药敏试验,并进行分析。 结果 127例耐多药肺结核合并下呼吸道感染病例共分离出菌株151株,其中,以革兰阴性杆菌居首位,占67.5%,其次为真菌占30.5%,革兰阳性球菌占2%。与初治肺结核合并下呼吸道感染菌群比较,耐多药组肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌、不动杆菌等耐药程度较高的机会致病菌比率明显高于初治组,而较为常见、耐药程度较低的致病菌副流感嗜血杆菌则明显低于初治组,2组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。耐多药组真菌感染率(30.5%)高于初治肺结核组(20.6%)（P<0.05）,革兰阳性球菌感染比率低于初治肺结核组,2组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,混合感染率增高（P<0.05）。药敏显示革兰阴性杆菌对第三代以上头孢菌素、碳青霉烯类、喹诺酮类抗生素较敏感,细菌耐药程度增加,两组间比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。革兰阳性球菌对青霉素、克林霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素较敏感。 结论 耐多药肺结核患者合并呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性机会致病菌为主,且耐药现象严重,真菌混合感染增加。临床应重视细菌培养及药敏试验,减少不合理用药,积极治疗合并症,减少混合感染。     

环丝氨酸在耐多药结核病化学治疗中应用价值的探讨

评估环丝氨酸在耐多药结核病化学治疗中的应用价值,为进一步优化中国耐多药结核病化学治疗方案提供依据。     

308例耐多药肺结核患者心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的 通过问卷调查了解并分析耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)患者心理健康状况及其影响因素,为干预和提高患者的心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法 于2012年1月至2018年6月,对三亚中心医院、三亚市人民医院和三亚中医院收治的316例MDR-PTB患者,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行心理健康状况调查,包括躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子。发放316份问卷调查表,最终收回合格问卷308份,合格率为97.5%。采用logistic回归分析影响MDR-PTB患者心理健康的因素。结果 MDR-PTB患者的负性心理以焦虑、抑郁、偏执和恐惧多见,分别占43.5%(134/308)、40.6%(125/308)、16.9%(52/308)、9.7%(30/308)。308例MDR-PTB患者,其中225例有负性心理(心理健康状况差组),83例未发生负性心理(心理健康状况好组)。心理健康状况差组SCL-90评估平均得分为(1.83±0.68)分,高于心理健康状况好组[(1.20±0.26)分],差异有统计学意义(t=5.317,P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,心理健康状况差组已婚者占61.8%(139/225),独居者占34.2%(77/225),睡眠质量一般或差者占65.3%(147/225),经济收入<3万元/年者占63.6%(143/225),有结核空洞者占61.3%(138/225),有抗结核药物不良反应者占57.8%(130/225),治疗效果无好转者占64.0%(144/225),心理健康状况好组分别为74.7%(62/83)、19.3%(16/83)、45.8%(38/83)、37.3%(31/83)、34.9%(29/83)、74.7%(62/83)、42.2%(35/83),差异均有统计学意义(χ ²=4.465,P=0.035;χ ²=6.425,P=0.011;χ ²=9.661,P=0.002;χ ²=16.942,P<0.001;χ ²=17.017,P<0.001;χ ²=7.394,P=0.007;χ ²=11.872,P=0.001)。logistic回归分析显示,睡眠质量一般或差(OR=2.813,95%CI:1.718~6.529;P=0.018)、经济收入<3万元/年(OR=2.390,95%CI:1.604~5.748;P<0.001)、有结核空洞(OR=1.975,95%CI:1.416~4.530;P=0.037)、有抗结核药物不良反应(OR=3.517,95%CI:2.135~8.762;P=0.024)及治疗无好转(OR=6.113,95%CI:4.835~16.204;P=0.006)是影响MDR-PTB患者心理健康的危险因素。结论 MDR-PTB患者心理健康状况较差,影响其心理健康的危险因素为睡眠质量一般或差、经济收入<3万元/年、有结核空洞、有抗结核药物不良反应及治疗无好转,应加强对MDR-PTB患者的心理支持和关怀。     

耐多药肺结核患者中医证素与临床特征的初步研究

目的探讨耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)患者年龄、病程及肺部X线表现与中医证素间的关系,以指导临床中医治疗。方法选择2013年1月至2015年12月同济大学附属上海市肺科医院、首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院、解放军总医院第八医学中心等18家结核病定点医院确诊的且自愿接受本研究调查方案的740例问卷有效的MDR-PTB患者;排除年龄、病程、肺部空洞、病灶累及情况等临床特征(观察项目)信息资料不符的患者后,共纳入615例患者。调查问卷为完成"十二五"传染病专项耐药肺结核中医药项目课题时专家组所讨论确定,包括患者基本信息(姓名、性别、年龄等)、临床相关资料(既往症状、就诊时症状、病程、肺部空洞、病灶累及情况等),以及症情评判等内容;共发放1000份调查问卷,收回850份,有效740份,有效率为87.06%。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据的统计学分析,探讨观察项目与中医证素间的分布规律及相互关系。结果本研究入选患者中医证素判定由高到低分别为阴虚[55.1%(339/615)]、气虚[54.0%(332/615)]、痰浊[26.7%(164/615)]、火热[26.3%(162/615)]和阳虚...     

Assessment of factors influencing health‐related quality of life in HIV‐infected patients

Objectives

Health‐related quality of life (HRQL) is used in the assessment of chronic illness. Regarding HIV infection, HRQL assessment is an objective for physicians and institutions since antiretroviral treatment delays HIV clinical progression. The aim of this study was to determine the factors with the most influence on HRQL in HIV‐infected people and to create a predictive model.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study in 150 patients in a tertiary hospital. HRQL data were collected using the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS‐HIV) questionnaire. The research team created a specific template with which to gather clinical and sociodemographic data. Adherence was assessed using the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) and depression data were obtained using the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI‐II) inventory. Logistic regression models were used to identify determinants of HRQL.

Results

HIV‐related symptoms and presence of depression were found to be negatively associated with all the MOS‐HIV domains, the Physical Health summary score and the Mental Health summary score. Patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI)‐based treatment had lower scores in four of the 11 domains of the MOS‐HIV questionnaire. Gender, hospitalization in the year before enrolment, depression and parenthood were independently related to the Physical Health Score; depression and hepatitis C virus coinfection were related to the Mental Health Score.

Conclusions

Optimization of HRQL is particularly important now that HIV infection can be considered a chronic disease with the prospect of long‐term survival. Quality of life should be monitored in follow‐up of HIV‐infected patients. The assessment of HRQL in this population can help us to detect problems that may influence the progression of the disease. This investigation highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to HIV infection.     

深圳市耐多药结核病人管治效果初步评价

目的分析深圳市耐多药肺结核的诊断、治疗、管理及其效果,并为制定耐多药肺结核病防治对策提供参考依据。方法政府提供专项经费;确保结核分枝杆菌实验室的质量保障;确保一、二线抗结核药物的供应; DOT管理的患者接受免费的一、二线抗结核药物、治疗监测和DOT管理服务;全程管理服务的患者接受免费的治疗监测。结果2003—2006年,共有111例接受治疗,出现不良反应率60.4%,治疗成功率59.5%,丢失率18.9%,失败率11.7%; 48例耐多药肺结核病人接受DOT免费管理,治愈34例,治愈率70.8%。63例耐多药肺结核病人接受自费的全程管理,治愈22例,治愈率34.9%。 结论逐步推行DOTS-plus策略,可提高耐多药肺结核的治愈率,减少耐药结核的传播。     

Assessment of an asthma quality of life scale using item-response theory

OBJECTIVE: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores produced by simply summing individual item values have been criticized for lacking linearity and for not being equally discriminating across the range of scores. Differences in summed scores may depend more on their starting point on the scale rather than actual differences in the underlying dimension of HRQOL, making it difficult to judge what a particular score means. We sought to examine the usefulness of an alternative method of scoring questionnaires, item-response theory (IRT), for the clinical interpretation of a modified version of the Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MAQLQ-M). METHODOLOGY: Using the MAQLQ-M, we surveyed 293 adults with moderate to severe asthma, managed at two university teaching hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia. Scores obtained by usual summative Likert-type scores were compared to estimates using the partial credit method of IRT. RESULTS: We found a non-linear relationship between raw, summative scores and the IRT estimates. The departure from linearity was marked for summative scores below 3.0 and above 5.0 (range 1.0-7.0), values that included half of the study patients. Summative scoring did not produce scores at the interval level of measurement. CONCLUSION: For an equivalent difference measured in the underlying dimension of actual HRQOL using IRT, traditional summated scores showed a much smaller difference in scores at both the lower and upper end of HRQOL, than at the mid-range of HRQOL. Caution should be used when interpreting HRQOL surveys scored in the usual summative manner. Advantages may be gained by using IRT as an alternative method of scoring HRQOL questionnaires.     

A comparison of four quality of life instruments in cardiac patients: SF-36, QLI, QLMI, and SEIQoL

BACKGROUND—With the increasing use of quality of life measures in evaluations of cardiac interventions, criteria are needed for selecting appropriate quality of life measures. An important criterion is the sensitivity of a measure for detecting clinically important changes.
OBJECTIVES—To compare the sensitivity of four measures when used in a group of cardiac patients undergoing the same intervention.
METHODS—The short form 36 (SF-36), the quality of life index-cardiac version (QLI), the quality of life after myocardial infarction questionnaire (QLMI), and the schedule for the evaluation of individual quality of life (SEIQoL) were used to evaluate quality of life in a group of 22 patients after myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), at the beginning of rehabilitation and six weeks later. Analysable data were obtained from 16 patients.
RESULTS—A significant improvement over time was only observed for the SF-36 subscale, vitality (p < 0.05). Five of the eight SF-36 subscales and one of the four QLMI subscales showed modest sensitivity (index: > 0.2 and < 0.5), while all other subscales showed poor sensitivity (index: < 0.2). Using SEIQoL, family was most often nominated as an area of importance to quality of life (n = 13), followed by health (n = 10), leisure/hobbies (n = 8), marriage (n = 8), and work (n = 6).
CONCLUSIONS—All four QOL measures used in this study were found to lack sensitivity to change. Further research is needed using other cardiac populations and interventions in order to verify these findings, with a view to developing more sensitive quality of life scales.


Keywords: quality of life; heart disease; short form 36; quality of life index-cardiac version; quality of life after myocardial infarction questionnaire; schedule for the evaluation of individual quality of life     

初治涂阳肺结核患者生活质量调查分析

目的了解肺结核患者在不同的治疗阶段的生活质量状况,提高其的生活质量。方法采用问卷调查方式对2004年9月至2005年2月全市6个区结核病防治机构登记、管治的全部初冶涂阳肺结核患者在确诊后、完成强化期、疗程结束时各一次进行生活质量状况调查。结果初治涂阳肺结核患者诊断为结核病并接受治疗后,健康状况逐步改善,躯体功能、社会功能和心理功能逐步提高。结论随着医学模式由“生物医学”向“生物一心理一社会”模式的转变,更应关注患者的生活质量,加强相关的干预措施。     

86例耐多药肺结核患者胸部影像分析

目的探讨耐多药肺结核的胸部影像学特点。方法收集我院诊治的86例耐多药肺结核为观察组与96例不耐药肺结核患者为对照组,所有患者均行胸部CT和X线胸片检查。对病灶范围、空洞个数、空洞大小、洞壁厚度和纵隔淋巴结情况进行分析。结果两组在空洞大小方面差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;无空洞方面,观察组较对照组发生率低,P<0.005;观察组在累及3个以上肺野、毁损肺、空洞数量、厚壁空洞、纵隔淋巴结肿大方面发生率较高,P<0.005。结论耐多药肺结核以累及3个以上肺野、多发空洞、厚壁空洞、毁损肺、纵隔淋巴结肿大为主要影像学特点。     

流动人口与户籍人口初治涂阳肺结核病患者生活质量调查

目的 了解广州市流动人口与户籍人口初治涂阳肺结核患者的生活质量及其影响因素。 方法 采用自行设计的问卷调查表,分别对广州市流动人口与户籍人口初治涂阳肺结核患者各100例进行调查,对两者的生活质量进行比较和分析。调查共收回有效问卷 200份,男性回收119份,女性回收81份,问卷有效率为97.5%。 结果流动人口、户籍人口初治涂阳肺结核患者各100例与治疗前2个月相比,流动人口现在的健康状况好多了、好一些、差不多、差一些、差得多的问卷应答构成比分别为16.0%、47.0%、24.0%、8.0%、5.0%;其中户籍人口分别为11.0%、68.0%、11.0%、8.0%、2.0%。现在的健康状况与治疗前2个月相比,流动人口与户籍人口的比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=15.78,P<0.05),户籍人口比流动人口健康改善更明显。情绪对工作和生活的影响流动人口和户籍人口得分分别为(1.61±0.49)分、（1.38±0.58）分,流动人口与户籍人口相比差异有统计学意义(t=3.33,P<0.05)。 结论 流动人口患者比户籍人口患者生活质量低。     

采用调查问卷评价帕金森病患者生活质量及影响因素研究

目的采用EuroQol五维调查问卷(EQ-5D)对帕金森病患者的生活质量进行评价,并分析其影响因素。方法选择帕金森病患者52例,采用EQ-5D、统一帕金森病评定量表(unified Parkinsons diseasc rating scale,UPDRS)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、帕金森病睡眠量表(Parkinsons disease sleep scale,PDSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA),对帕金森病患者的生活质量和健康状况进行分析。结果帕金森病各评定量表间相关分析显示,失眠(r=-0.519)、UPDRSⅠ(r=-0.568)、UPDRSⅡ(r=-0.705)、UPDRSⅢ(r=-0.760)、UPDRSⅣ(r=-0.571)、HAMD(r=-0.669)、HAMA(r=-0.549)、H-Y分级(r=-0.694)、PDSS(r=1.000)、病程(r=-0.640)、文化程度(r=0.293)与帕金森病患者生活质量有关(P<0.01)。多元回归分析显示,影响EQ-5D指数因素有UPDRSⅠ、UPDRSⅢ、HAMD、HAMA和PDSS,其中UPDRSⅠ、UPDRSⅢ、HAMA和HAMD与EQ-5D指数呈负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);PDSS与EQ-5D指数呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论 EQ-5D适用于帕金森病患者生活质量研究,临床医师在重视帕金森病患者的诊断和运动症状治疗前提下,还应重视患者睡眠、焦虑抑郁等非运动症状,尽量提高患者生活质量。     

Health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden: a comparison between patients with early RA, patients with medium-term disease and controls, using SF-36

Living with a chronic disease affects many aspects of an individuals life. The aim of this study was to compare the health-related quality of life, as measured by the SF-36, in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at disease onset and after 2 years. The results were furthermore compared with those of patients with medium-term disease and a control group. Forty patients with early RA as well as 39 RA patients with 21–25 years of disease duration and 40 controls were asked to answer the self-administered SF-36 health profile measure. Both patients with early RA and with medium-term disease reported significantly lower values for all eight subscales compared with the controls. At follow-up after 2 years, the patients reported significant improvements on the role physical (RP) and bodily pain (BP) dimensions compared with at disease onset. Physical functioning (PF) was perceived as better in patients with early RA compared with patients who had had the disease for 21–25 years. Women reported significantly higher values for some of the scales than men. In summary, health-related quality of life is negatively affected in early RA as measured by the SF-36. An improvement was implicated after 2 years. There were some gender differences in reported health-related quality of life among patients with early RA, but not in patients with medium-term disease.     

The quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis evaluated using the SF-12 questionnaire: A comparative study with the SF-36 questionnaire

BACKGROUND: In clinical practice there is the need to utilise a time saving questionnaire to assess the quality of life. AIMS: To establish the validity of the SF-12 questionnaire in chronic pancreatitis patients and to identify the predictors capable of modifying the physical and mental summaries in these patients. QUESTIONNAIRES: SF-12 and SF-36 questionnaires were used. SUBJECTS: One hundred and forty-one outpatients with proven chronic pancreatitis. The data of 141 sex- and age-matched Italian subjects of two normative groups (61,434 Italian subjects for SF-12 and 2031 Italian subjects for SF-36) were used as controls. RESULTS: Chronic pancreatitis patients had the SF-12 physical and mental component summaries significantly related to the SF-36 physical and mental component summaries (P<0.001). The presence of pancreatic pain and non-pancreatic surgery accounted for 41.3% in the formation of the PCS-36 score and 37.2% in that of the PCS-12 score, respectively. Gender, BMI and pancreatic pain accounted for 15.3% of the information in the formation of the MCS-36 and for 14.7% in that of the MCS-12; using these clinical variables, the loss of information in applying the SF-12 instead of the SF-36 was very low (4.1 and 0.6% for the PCS and the MCS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The SF-12 is a good alternative to the SF-36 in assessing the quality of life in chronic pancreatitis.