左旋卡尼汀预处理对离体兔心缺血/再灌注致心肌损伤及MDA、SOD的影响

目的观察左旋卡尼汀（L-CN）预处理对离体兔心缺血/再灌注致心肌损伤及丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响。方法采用离体兔心Langendorff灌注实验模型,离体兔心12只随机分成缺血/再灌注组（I/R组）和L-CN预处理组,每组6只。I/R组灌注K-H液25 min,（兔心）4℃标准St.Thomas停搏液（K＋16 mmol/L）至心脏停搏,45 min后恢复K-H液灌注20 min;L-CN预处理组灌注K-H液10 min,再予L-CN续灌15 min,余步骤同I/R组。测定再灌注末心肌组织中MDA、SOD的活性;2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑（TTC）染色测定心肌存活面积百分比。结果L-CN预处理组SOD活性明显高于I/R组（P〈0.01）,MDA含量明显低于I/R组（P〈0.05）。L-CN预处理组心肌存活面积百分比高于I/R组（P〈0.05）。结论L-CN预处理对高钾停搏离体兔缺血/再灌注心脏具有抑制氧化应激、提高抗氧化能力的作用,可减轻心肌损伤。     

缺血预处理联合St.ThomasⅡ心麻痹液对兔未成熟心脏功能和病理学影响

目的：研究缺血预处理（IPC）对兔未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响，并探讨其可能机制。方法：利用Langendorff模型灌注幼兔（14－21天）离体心脏。18只幼兔心随机分为2组，每组9只，IPC组经历5min缺血、10min再灌的IPC处理后，使用St.ThomasⅡ心麻痹液（STH）使心脏停跳；对照组只用STH停跳心脏。两组兔心均在生理体温(39℃）下接受45min缺血、40min灌注。观察复灌后的心肌酶释放、心肌能量、心脏功能及病理学变化。结果：与对照组相比，IPC组肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK－MB）漏出量明显减少（P＜0．01），心肌ATP含量以保存（P＜0．05），再灌注末心脏左室发展压（LVDP）显著改善（P＜0．05）；光、电镜显示经过缺血预处理的心肌细胞损伤轻。结论：缺血预处理能明显减轻兔未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤，改善再灌注后心脏功能的恢复，其机制可能与保存再灌注后心肌细胞中ATP含量有关。     

人重组促红细胞生成素预处理对缺血再灌注心肌血流动力学、心肌酶谱和超微结构的影响

目的研究人重组促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)对离体缺血再灌注心脏的血流动力学、心肌酶谱和超微结构的影响.方法利用Langendorff离体心灌注模型平衡30 min,给予停搏液使心脏停跳90 min,再灌注60 min.16只Wistar大鼠(雌雄不拘)随机分为两组:对照组、rHuEPO预处理组.预处理组大鼠实验前24 h于腹腔给予rHuEPO 5 000 U/kg.观察两组再灌注后血流动力学指标、冠脉流出量、心肌酶谱(CK、LDH),电镜观察心肌超微结构.结果预处理组大鼠血流动力学、冠脉流出量及心肌酶谱改善情况显著优于对照组(P＜0.01);电镜示:预处理组大鼠心肌肿胀轻,线粒体及肌丝等超微结构损伤小.结论 rHuEPO预处理对离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤有良好保护作用,可望成为心外科极具应用前景的促进造血、心肌保护和脑保护的药物.     

单纯缺血预处理对未成熟兔心脏的作用研究

目的 探讨缺血预处理（Ｉｓｃｈｅｍｉｃ Ｐｒｏｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ ＩＰＣ）对未成熟心脏全心缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法 对经历５Ｍｉｎ缺血、１０Ｍｉｎ再灌注的幼兔（１４～２１天）心脏进行离体灌注,观察其在生理温度（３９℃）下接受３０Ｍｉｎ缺血、４０Ｍｉｎ再灌注的心肌酶释放、心肌能量及病理变化。结果 ＩＰＣ组全心缺血后心脏停跳持续时间显明延长（Ｐ〈０．０１）,心肌ＡＴＰ含量明显减少（Ｐ〈０．００     

心麻痹液在缺血预处理产生心肌保护效应中的作用研究

目的：利用Langendorff离体灌注模型研究缺血预处理（IPC）单独应用和与心麻痹液联合应用对兔未成熟心脏全心缺血再灌注的影响,以了解心麻痹液在IPC心肌保护效应中的作用。方法：新西兰幼兔,体重220g~280g,兔龄14d~21d。麻醉及肝素化后,快速开胸取出心脏,浸入4℃Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液,30s内主动脉插管行Langendorff灌注,用39℃经混合气（O2：CO2=9%：5%）平衡的Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液灌注。32只兔未成熟心脏随机分为四组：对照组Ⅰ（conⅠ,n=8）,全心接受30min缺血、40min再灌注;IPC组（IPC,n=8）,接受5min缺血、10min再灌注预处理（IPC）和30min缺血、40min再灌注;对照组Ⅱ（conⅡ,n=8）,接受4℃的St.ThomasⅡ心麻痹液使心脏停跳和45min缺血、40min再灌注;IPC复合心麻痹液（IPC＋St.Ⅱ,n=8）,接受IPC、St.Ⅱ灌注和45min缺血、40min再灌注。记录心脏停跳前平稳灌注时冠脉流量（CF）、心率（HR）、左室发展压（LVDP）、左室压力最大上升和下降速度率（±dp/dtmax）作为基础值,并分别把再灌注后5、10、20、30、40min的CF、HR、LVDP、±dp/dtmax测定值表达为对其相应基础值的恢复率。记录IPC组与conⅠ在主动脉停灌后心脏缺血跳动时间,测定各组再灌注后冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及再灌注末心肌组织ATP含量。结果：复灌后IPC组与对照组Ⅰ相比在冠脉流出量（CF）、心率（HR）、左室发展压（LVDP）、左室最大上升和下降速度率（±dp/dtmax）恢复率无明显差别,肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）漏出量有增多趋势（但P〉0.05）;IPC组在全心停灌后心脏缺血跳动时间明显延长（P〈0.01）,再灌注末心肌ATP含量显著减少（P〈0.001）。而在IPC复合心麻痹液组HR、CF、LVDP及±dp/dtmax恢复率较对照组Ⅱ明显得以改善,且保存心肌ATP含量,肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）漏出减少。结论：IPC在单独应用时不足以保护经历全心缺血再灌注损伤的兔未成熟心脏,反而有可能导致心肌细胞的损伤;而在与心脏停搏液合用时,IPC对经历全心缺血再灌注的兔未成熟心肌具有明显的保护作用。因此,在Langendorff离体灌注心脏模型,本研究首次观察到IPC心肌保护效应的获得需要心麻痹液的参与。     

人重组促红细胞生成素对离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护机制初步探讨

目的 探讨人重组促红细胞生成素（rHuEPO）对离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护机制。方法 利用Langendorff离体心灌注模型，平衡30min，停搏液使心脏停跳90min，再灌注60min。24只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组：对照组、rHuEPO预处理组、rHuEPO灌注组。预处理组实验前24h腹腔给予rHuEPo 5000u／kg。灌注组于缺血前10min灌注rHuEPO终浓度50u／mL的灌注液。观察各组再灌后脂质过氧化（MDA）含量、心肌凋亡及胞内Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达情况，电镜观察心肌超微结构。结果 预处理组和灌注组MDA含量较对照组显著减少（P〈0．01）；预处理组凋亡与对照组和灌注组相比显著减少（P〈0．01），灌注组凋亡较对照组显著减少（P〈0．01）；预处理组心肌细胞Bcl-2含量显著高于对照组和灌注组（P〈0．01），而Bax含量显著低于对照组和灌注组（P〈0．01），灌注组和对照组心肌细胞Bcl-2和Bax含量差异无显著性（P〉0．1）；电镜示：对照组、灌注组和预处理组心肌肿胀程度。线粒体及肌丝等超微结构损伤依次小。结论 rHuEPO改变Bcl-2／Bax平衡减少细胞凋亡、抑制氧自由基生成是其对离体心肌缺血再灌损伤保护的重要机制；rHuEPO预处理优于缺血前短时灌注，这可能与前者使抗凋亡蛋白充分表达有关。     

吡那地尔预处理对不同温度高钾停跳离体兔心的保护作用

目的:观察ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂(KCOs)吡那地尔(Pinacidil)药物预处理对不同温度高K 停跳液灌注离体兔心肌的保护效果. 方法:离体兔心24颗以Langendorff模型灌注10 min,随机分成3组:对照组(C组):低温高K 停跳;WP组和CP组为预处理组(停跳前以Pinacidil 10 μmol/L灌注15 min):分别为常温及低温高K 停跳. 全心缺血45 min, C组及CP组心脏停跳期间的温度为26～28℃,WP组为36～38℃. 三组恢复37℃ K-H灌注20 min. 分别测定心脏停、复跳时间,心率、心律、左心室内压(LVP)及收缩力、心肌腺苷酸及脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量,检查心肌光镜结构. 结果:三组心脏停跳时间无明显差异,预处理组复跳迅速,两组间无显著差异,C组复跳缓慢,与预处理组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);再灌注后CP组较WP及C组心肌收缩力与LVP恢复较快(P<0.05),而WP组LVP又比C组恢复好(P<0.05). 预处理组心肌组织腺苷酸,总腺苷酸(TAN)、细胞能荷(EC)显著高于C组(P<0.01),CP组又明显高于WP组(P<0.01或P<0.05),预处理组的心肌结构也明显好于C组,CP组又好于WP组. 三组MDA含量无显著差异. 结论:Pinacidil预处理能显著增强离体兔心肌缺血/再灌注的保护效果,对低温停跳心脏的保护效果更佳.     

黄芪注射液预处理对兔未成熟心肌保护作用的研究

目的 探讨单纯黄芪预处理对兔未成熟心肌再灌注（I／R）损伤的影响。方法 24只幼兔（14－21d)随机分3组，每组8只，利用Langendorff模型灌注其离体心脏。平稳灌注30min后，向球囊缓慢注入生理盐水，调整至左室舒张末压（LVEDP）为10mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。对照组继续灌注15min；黄芪预处理组：则用黄芪注射液灌注15min。两组心脏均经历停灌30min（保温，保湿），缺血自动停跳及灌注40min复制全心I／R模型。观察各组的血液动力学，冠脉流出液心肌酶，心肌能量变化，病理学变化及分子生物学改变。结果 黄芪预处理组左心功能，冠脉流量恢复及再灌后心肌组织内ATP含量明显优于对照组，心肌酶值明显低于对照组，心肌细胞线粒体半守量分析显示预处理组线粒体损伤轻于对照组，心肌诱导型一氧化氮合酶iNOS高于对照组。结论 黄芪注射液预处理对兔未成熟心肌有保护作用。     

缺血预处理结合心麻痹液保护未成熟兔心肌的效果

目的 探讨缺血预处理（IPC）结合心麻痹液对未成熟兔心肌的保护作用。方法 采用体外左心作功模型,比较缺血5min再灌注5min的缺血预处处理加ST.ThomasⅡ液（IPC组）和仅ST,ThomasⅡ液（对照组）对幼兔（3-4周）心脏缺血再灌注后心脏功能,冠脉微循环、能量代谢及超微结构的影响。结果 IPC组心脏收缩功能、冠脉流量及阻力恢复更佳,冠脉流出液中的一氧化氮含量较高而内皮素较低,能量物质含量高,心肌细胞超微结构的影响。结果 IPC组心脏收缩功能、冠脉流量及阻力恢复更佳,冠脉流出液中后 氧化氮含量较高而内皮素较低,能量物质含量高。心肌细胞超微结构损害轻,结论 缺血预处理结合心麻痹液对未成熟兔心肌提供更佳的保护。     

一氧化氮介导的二氮嗪预处理的心肌保护机制

目的探讨二氮嗪预处理（DPC）对心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的机制。方法 W istar大鼠40只,建立离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型,随机分成四组：缺血再灌注组（I/R组,n=10）：在心脏平衡灌流30 min 后,缺血30 min 再灌注K-H液1 h;二氮嗪预处理组（DPC组,n=10）：在心脏平衡灌流10 min 后,给予含二氮嗪（100μmol/L）的K-H液灌注5 min ,再复灌不含二氮嗪的K-H液5 min 后,再给予含二氮嗪的K-H液灌注5 min ,再复灌不含二氮嗪的K-H液5 min ,然后缺血30min ,再灌注K-H液1 h;空白对照组（n=10）：用等量盐水代替二氮嗪,过程同DPC组;二甲基亚砜组（DMSO组,n=10）：用DMSO代替二氮嗪,过程同DPC组。检测各组缺血前及复灌30 min 后冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶（CK）的活性、心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性、心肌组织一氧化氮（NO）及环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）表达。结果 DPC组与其他组比较,冠脉流出液CK活性较明显减少（P〈0.01）,MDA含量明显减少（P〈0.01）,SOD含量明显增加（P〈0.01）,I/R组与DMSO及空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。心肌组织NO、cGMP含量：DPC组较其他组明显增加（P〈0.01）,I/R组与DMSO及空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 NO介导的NO-cGMP信号通路可能参与DPC心肌保护机制的触发过程。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.