急进高原人群红细胞谷胱甘肽,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧歧？…

为探讨急进高原环境人群,早期适应过程中红细胞抗氧化指标－谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）和超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的变化及其生理意义。以急进高原的健康人群为研究对象,年龄１８￣２１岁。分为对照组和高原低氧组进行研究。结果表明高原低氧组红细胞ＧＳＨ含量和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。高原低氧组红细胞ＳＯＤ含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。说明人体急进高原后血红细     

甲醛对机体超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛的影响

在现有的动物试验及职业接触人群研究中发现,甲醛对机体的脂质过氧化有影响,可以降低超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性并增加组织中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,且存在剂量-反应关系。由于甲醛环境暴露人群广泛存在,今后的研究中,动物试验应加强低剂量甲醛染毒对组织器官毒作用的研究,人群中应注重低浓度甲醛暴露对人群的远期效应影响的探讨。综述了国内外近几年来关于SOD、GSH-Px、MDA影响的研究,以便于深入地探讨几种主要的抗氧化物酶在甲醛对机体健康损害过程所起的作用及机理。     

矽尘接触者和矽肺患者血清中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的观察

目的 观察矽尘接触者和矽肺患者血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,探讨SOD、GSH-Px在矽肺发生发展中的作用.方法 选择100名不接触粉尘的对照人群(对照组),200名接触矽尘1年以上的接尘工人(接尘组),32名矽尘作业观察对象及130例矽肺患者(矽肺组),采用酶联免疫吸附法和化学比色法检测血清中SOD、GSH-Px活力.结果 与对照组[SOD:(75.239±24.020) U/ml,GSH-Px:(223.360±46.838) U/ml]比较,接尘组和矽肺组SOD活力[接尘组:(70.515±20.034) U/ml,矽肺组:(68.209±21.526) U/ml]均明显降低,GSH-Px活力[接尘组:(231.164±36.484) U/ml,矽肺组:(270.469±39.228) U/ml]均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);与接尘组比较,矽肺组血清中GSH-Px活力明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).随矽肺期别的升高,血清中GSH-Px活力有升高的趋势.与观察对象组和矽肺Ⅰ期比较,矽肺Ⅲ期患者,血清中GSH-Px活力明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 接尘人群和矽肺患者均存在氧化和抗氧化系统的失衡,矽肺组尤为明显,可能与矽肺的严重程度也有关.     

白血病患者血清脂质过氧化物及红细胞硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性变化

自由基是一种十分活跃的中间代谢产物，它可以使生物膜不饱和脂肪酸氧化而影响膜结构与功能，攻击蛋白，使之产生交联，从而改变酶的活性，损伤ＤＮＡ，引起突变和肿瘤。目前认为，自由基反应是衰老、肿瘤、休克、氧中毒及免疫损伤等病理过程的基础［１］。本文对白血病患...     

消化道肿瘤患者血清中活性氧、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性测定

目的探讨消化道肿瘤患者机体内自由基代谢状态的改变及其在消化道肿瘤发生、发展中的作用。方法分别采用Fenton显色法、黄嘌呤氧化酶法和二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法对148例消化道肿瘤患者（癌症组）和40例健康体检者（对照组）术前血清中活性氧（ROS）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）的活性水平进行检测。结果病例组血清中ROS活性（1197．844±489．640）U／ml显著高于对照组（507．706±17．525）U／ml，而SOD和GSH—PX活性（81．884±40．893）nmol／ml、（87．143±69．119）AU显著低于对照组（101．166±18．350）nmol／ml、（438．933±138．201）AU。结论消化道肿瘤患者体内自由基代谢紊乱，抗氧化损伤能力下降，氧化损伤与消化道肿瘤的发生、发展有一定的关系。     

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶作为矽肺诊断指标的初探

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶作为矽肺诊断指标的初探梁中民，周宁，徐栋，张红斌随着近年来自由基医学的不断发展，已有大量的研究证实，二氧化硅粉尘能启动肺巨噬细胞生物膜发生脂质过氧化反应，产生自由基，使脂质过氧化产物增加，这些都与矽肺的发生发展直接相关。ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ...     

两种硒制剂对低硒居民红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶蛋白的影响

给克山病病区１４～１６岁居民每日口服２００μｇ亚硒酸钠硒或硒酵母硒１２周，测定红细胞硒含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）活性和ＧＰＸ蛋白水平，以探讨硒对ＧＰＸ蛋白的影响。结果表明：（１）两补硒组在４周时红细胞硒已明显持续升高，停硒４周时仍维持在１２周时的高水平，但亚硒酸钠组在各时期均明显低于硒酵母组；（２）两补硒组红细胞ＧＰＸ活性于４周时开始明显上升，停硒４周后仍继续增高，但在各时期两组之间均无明显差异；（３）硒酵母组和亚硒酸钠组红细胞ＧＰＸ蛋白水平分别在４和８周时明显上升，前者在１２周时明显高于后者，停硒４周时与１２周时差异不显著；（４）红细胞ＧＰＸ蛋白水平与硒含量之间呈明显正相关。说明：（１）硒水平不仅可影响红细胞ＧＰＸ活性，而且对ＧＰＸ蛋白水平也有调节作用；（２）硒酵母晒对红细胞ＧＰＸ蛋白水平的调节作用比亚硒酸钠硒明显．     

银屑病患者全血和皮肤谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力关系的研究

探讨了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）与银屑病发病之间的关系。采用二巯基二硝基苯甲酸显色法，研究正常健康人和银屑病患者全血及皮肤ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力的变化，结果表明，与正常健康人比较，银屑病患者全血和皮肤ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５），提示：ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力的降低，特别是皮肤中ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力的降低，可能是银屑病的重要原因之一。     

高海拔地区低氧环境对新战士血管内皮细胞损害的研究

目的　探讨青年战士急进高海拔地区不同高度 ,不同居住时间低氧环境下对血管内皮细胞 (VEC)的损害。方法　对从平原进驻海拔 3 5 0 0 m和 45 0 0 m地区的第 7天和半年的 180名新兵进行循环内皮细胞 (CEC) ,内皮素 (ET) ,6 -酮 -前列腺素 Fia(6 - kto- PGFia)和血栓素 B2 (TXB2 )等测定 ,并与 80名平原健康新兵作对照。结果　海拔 3 5 0 0 m第 7天组较平原组 CEC,ET,TXB2 有不同程度升高 (P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,居住半年后上述指标较平原组无显著改变 ,海拔45 0 0 m第 7天组较平原组 CEC,ET,TXB2 均有显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,半年后上述指标较平原组无明显改变。 6 - kto-PGFia两组第 7天 ,半年均无显著差异。结论　高海拔地区低氧对 VEC的损害主要在早期 ,海拔愈高损害愈明显 ,预防进驻高海拔地区心血管疾病关键在早期。     

硒与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在妊娠高血压综合征中的变换

妊娠高血压症(妊高征)一直是孕产期威胁母婴健康和生命的主要并发症之一,发病率较高,至今病因未明.有文献报道[1]微量元素缺乏影响孕妇血浆中氧化与抗氧化失衡导致妊高征的发生[2].本研究应用原子吸收法及细胞化学发光检测法测定妊高征孕妇血浆中硒水平及红细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的浓度.旨在探讨三者间的关系及对预防妊高征发生的价值.     

硒与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在妊娠高血压综合征中的变化

妊娠高血压症 (妊高征 )一直是孕产期威胁母婴健康和生命的主要并发症之一 ,发病率较高 ,至今病因未明。有文献报道 [1]微量元素缺乏影响孕妇血浆中氧化与抗氧化失衡导致妊高征的发生 [2 ]。本研究应用原子吸收法及细胞化学发光检测法测定妊高征孕妇血浆中硒水平及红细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH- Px)的浓度。旨在探讨三者间的关系及对预防妊高征发生的价值。1　对　象　与　方　法1 .1　对象　　 2 0 0 1年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 4月间我院住院分娩产妇 83例 ,分为两组。(1 )妊高征组 49例 ,其中轻、中、重度妊高征分别为 8、1 2、2 9例。无…     

The Influence of Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Deficiencies on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice

One consequence of noise exposure is increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, in the cochlea. ROS can cause oxidative damage to diverse cellular components, including membranes, proteins, and DNA, if they are not "neutralised" by antioxidant defences. Two important enzymes of the cochlear antioxidant defense system are cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx1). These metalloenzymes work together to regulate ROS production in virtually every cell in the body, and they may be important for limiting cochlear damage associated with aging and acoustic overexposure. In this chapter, we describe a series of experiments using mice with targeted deletions of Sod1 or Gpx1, the mouse genes that code for SOD1 and GPx1, respectively, to study the cellular mechanisms underlying noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The results from Sod1 and Gpx1 knockout mice provide insights into the link between endogenous levels of antioxidant enzymes and susceptibility to NIHL.     

红细胞调控IL-8／IL-12的血细胞快速培养实验研究

目的利用系统免疫学血细胞培养系统模式方法在体外研究红细胞调控IL-8／IL-12水平的变化规律与意义。方法全血细胞培养组和白细胞培养组放37℃温育1小时后,测定培养物中的IL-8、IL-12以及IL-8／IL-12的水平,红细胞吸附率=（白细胞培养物中促营养血管生长和促炎因子IL-8或抑营养血管生长因子IL-12的含量一全血细胞培养物中IL-8或IL-12的含量）／白细胞培养物中IL-8或IL-12的含量。结果正常人中白细胞培养物中IL-8／IL-12比值（1．3540±0．9196）明显高于正常人中全血细胞培养物中IL-8／IL-12比值（0．4732±0．2866）;原发性肝癌患者的全血细胞培养物中IL-8／IL-12比值（39．3300±29．800）明显大于正常人全血培养物中IL-8／IL-12比值（0．4732±0．2866）正常人红细胞对IL-8吸附率（0．6213±0．2732）明显高于肝癌红细胞对IL-8吸附率（0．1750±0．3301）。结论正常人红细胞能负调节IL-8／IL-12水平,原发性肝癌患者促营养血管生长和促炎症因子IL-8高亢水平与红细胞对IL-8吸附率低之间密切相关。     

某油田人群白细胞DNA加合物水平及其影响因素研究

为研究油田人群白细胞ＤＮＡ加合物水平及其影响因素,选取了２１５名居住在某油田的在职职工进行调查并采用＾３２Ｐ－后标记法检测每位调查对象外周血白细胞ＤＮＡ加合物水平,其平均值为个／１０＾８核苷酸。     

中暑士兵血清酶学和脂质过氧化水平分析

为探讨血清酶学改变和脂质过氧化水平在士兵中暑发生过程中的意义,选择夏季五公里的越野训练中中暑的男性士兵22名及同期未发生中暑的士兵20名,测定其血清LDH和CK含量、血浆中超氧化物歧化酶和红细胞丙二醛含量。结果发现,与对照组相比,中暑组士兵血清LDH和CK含量以及血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性明显升高（P＜0．01）,而丙二醛含量虽也升高,但差异并无显著性。结果提示在士兵中暑中发生过程,自由基细胞膜脂质过氧化损伤,导致胞浆酶溢出,血清酶水平升高。     

Blood Iron,Glutathione, and Micronutrient Levels and the Risk of Oral Cancer

The risk of oral cavity cancer was determined in relation to serological levels of iron; vitamins A, B2, C, E; zinc; thiamin; and glutathione (GSH). The study included 65 hospitalized patients with oral cancer and 85 matched controls. In comparing the highest to the lowest tertiles, the risk was odds ratio (OR) = 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1–0.6] for iron; 3.2 (95% CI = 1.3–8.1) for total iron binding capacity (TIBC), which measures the concentration of the iron delivery protein transferrin; and 0.4 (95% CI = 0.2–0.9) for transferrin saturation (iron/TIBC × 100). These associations were stronger in never smokers than in ever smokers. The risk associated with the iron storage protein ferritin was significantly elevated, but this association could reflect disease-related inflammation or comorbidity. The OR for GSH was 0.4 (95% CI = 0.1–0.9), and the OR for GSH reductase activity coefficient (indicative of riboflavin deficiency) was 1.6 (95% CI = 1.3–3.7). These findings suggest that mild iron deficiency and low GSH levels, which are associated with increased oxidative stress, increase the risk of oral cavity cancer.     

Organochlorine Contaminants in Loggerhead Sea Turtle Blood: Extraction Techniques and Distribution Among Plasma and Red Blood Cells

Few studies have described the organochlorine (OC) contaminant concentrations found in sea turtle tissues. These studies have relied on the opportunistic sampling of either eggs or tissues from stranded carcasses. In this study, the use of whole blood samples as well as both blood components (plasma and red blood cells) were examined as a non-destructive alternative for monitoring OCs in free-ranging loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Blood samples were collected from juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (n = 12) captured in Core Sound, North Carolina, USA and analyzed for 55 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 24 OC pesticides by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. Using pooled loggerhead sea turtle whole blood, three different liquid:liquid extraction techniques were compared. Results were similar in terms of recovery of internal standards, lipids, and OC concentrations. An extraction technique, employing formic acid and 1:1 methyl-tert-butyl-ether:hexane, was found to be satisfactory. This method was applied to the extraction of OCs from whole blood, plasma, and red blood cell (RBC) samples from five loggerhead sea turtles. Plasma contained the highest OC concentrations on a wet mass basis, followed by whole blood and RBCs. The majority of each OC compound was found in the plasma rather than the RBCs, suggesting that OC compounds preferentially partition into the plasma. On average (SD), 89.4% (3.1%) of total PCBs, 83.4% (11.9%) of total chlordanes, 74.3% (15.1%) of mirex, 72.6% (4.8%) of total DDTs, and 80.1% (16.6%) of dieldrin were found in the plasma. The concentrations of total PCBs, mirex, total chlordanes, and total DDTs measured in both components of the blood significantly correlated to those in whole blood. These are the first reported OC concentrations in sea turtle blood. They were found to be similar to previously reported levels in blood components of humans and of reptiles from relatively clean sites, but lower than those measured in blood of fish-eating birds and marine mammals. The results indicate that blood, preferably plasma, can be used to detect and monitor OC contaminants in loggerhead sea turtles.