高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况

目的分析高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况。方法对高血压病患者51名行艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)等调查,以全国常模为对照。结果高血压患者EPQ的E维度得分显著低于常模,N、P、L维度得分显著高于常模;高血压患者SCL-90各因子均分和总分均显著高于国内常模。TAS-20因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ均分和总分与SCL-90各因子均分显著正相关,因子Ⅲ与SCL-90各因子均分相关不显著。EPQ的E维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著负相关(除躯体化、恐怖因子外),而N、P维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著正相关。结论高血压患者个性较为内向、情绪不稳定和明显的精神质倾向,且存在述情障碍及多种情绪和躯体问题,心理健康状况较差。     

高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况

目的 分析高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况.方法 对高血压病患者51名行艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)等调查,以全国常模为对照.结果 高血压患者EPQ的E维度得分显著低于常模,N、P、L维度得分显著高于常模;高血压患者SCL-90各因子均分和总分均显著高于国内常模.TAS-20因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ均分和总分与SCL-90各因子均分显著正相关,因子Ⅲ与SCL-90各因子均分相关不显著.EPQ的E维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著负相关(除躯体化、恐怖因子外),而N、P维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著正相关.结论 高血压患者个性较为内向、情绪不稳定和明显的精神质倾向,且存在述情障碍及多种情绪和躯体问题,心理健康状况较差.     

心身疾病与抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征分析

目的对心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征进行分析。方法纳入2014年9月至2015年3月期间我院收治的46例心身疾病患者(研究1组)、46例抑郁症患者(研究2组)和来我院接受健康体检的50例健康体检者(一般组)作为研究对象,采用HAMD量表(汉密顿抑郁量表)和TAS(多伦多述情障碍量表)分别对三组研究对象的述情障碍进行评定分析。结果研究1组TAS中因子1、2、4评分、HAMD量表部分因子评分高于一般组(P0.05),研究2组TAS和HAMD量表中各因子评分均明显高于一般组(P0.05)。结论述情障碍参与了心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者病情的发生和发展,心身疾病患者存在着一定程度的抑郁情绪。     

心身疾病与抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征分析

目的对心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征进行分析。方法纳入2014年9月至2015年3月期间我院收治的46例心身疾病患者(研究1组)、46例抑郁症患者(研究2组)和来我院接受健康体检的50例健康体检者(一般组)作为研究对象,采用HAMD量表(汉密顿抑郁量表)和TAS(多伦多述情障碍量表)分别对三组研究对象的述情障碍进行评定分析。结果研究1组TAS中因子1、2、4评分、HAMD量表部分因子评分高于一般组(P0.05),研究2组TAS和HAMD量表中各因子评分均明显高于一般组(P0.05)。结论述情障碍参与了心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者病情的发生和发展,心身疾病患者存在着一定程度的抑郁情绪。     

心肌梗塞后述情障碍分析及康复意义

应用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)，对35例心肌梗塞患者进行了述情障碍心理调查，结果68．6％的患者出现述情障碍。TAS的因子分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ明显升高。说明重视述情障碍、加强心理卫生对AMI患者的康复有重要意义。     

躯体形式障碍患病性别差异的影响因素分析

目的分析躯体形式障碍患病性别差异的影响因素。方法以符合《国际疾病分类第10版》(ICD-10)诊断标准的躯体形式障碍病人300例为研究对象,采用自制问卷收集一般资料,并进行儿童期成长经历问卷(CTQ-SF)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)测评,应用单因素分析、最佳尺度回归分析对患病率性别差异的影响因素进行分析。结果女性躯体形式障碍病人多于男性,男女比为1∶1.63。不同性别躯体形式障碍病人职业、文化程度、诱发事件、情感忽视、述情障碍、防御机制比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中防御机制意义最大(重要性值=0.384);在年龄、家族史、婚姻状况、情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视、内外向、情绪稳定性、精神质、认知功能方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论躯体形式障碍病人女性多于男性,男女患病差异的影响因素有职业、文化程度、诱发事件、情感忽视、述情障碍、防御机制,其中防御机制对患病性别差异影响最大。     

睡眠质量与社区人群肠易激综合征相关性分析

目的 探讨上海市社区人群睡眠质量与肠易激综合征(IBS)患病率及两者之间的关系.方法 采用随机分层整群抽样方法,对上海市嘉定区江桥镇常住人群成年居民进行面访式问卷调查,回收有效调查问卷11 569份.采用罗马Ⅲ标准诊断IBS,阿森斯睡眠障碍量表进行自我评估,分析睡眠障碍与IBS之间的关系.结果 睡眠障碍在社区总人群、IBS患者及非IBS患者中发生率分别为21.00%、33.02%和18.74%.IBS组存在睡眠障碍比例高于非IBS组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.004,OR=2.14,95%CI:1.92～2.39),即存在睡眠障碍的人群患IBS的危险性是无睡眠障碍人群的2.14倍.在IBS组,女性患者存在睡眠障碍的比例(37.24%)显著高于男性患者(28.41%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,OR=1.50,95%CI:1.23～1.82),提示存在睡眠障碍的女性更易于患IBS.Logistic回归分析显示睡眠障碍是IBS的危险因素之一(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.89～2.36).结论 IBS患者常存在睡眠障碍,尤其是女性患者.     

肠易激综合征与睡眠障碍相关性研究

目的分析肠易激综合征患者的睡眠质量,探讨IBS患者的睡眠特征。方法采用罗马Ⅲ标准诊断IBS,阿森斯睡眠障碍量表(Athens Insomnia Scale,AIS)进行自我评估,分析睡眠障碍与IBS之间的关系。对IBS患者(63例)及健康体检志愿者(51例)进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验和Spearman等级相关检验研究IBS与睡眠障碍的关系。结果睡眠障碍在IBS患者和体检者中的发生率分别为36.5%(23/63)和15.7%(8/51),IBS组存在睡眠障碍比例高于体检组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS组AIS总均分高于体检组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。进一步统计分析发现,IBS组女性、脑力劳动者、高学历和曾遭遇精神打击者发生IBS几率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IBS患者常存在睡眠障碍,尤其是女性、脑力劳动者、高学历和曾遭受精神打击者。IBS患者存在睡眠异常,主要表现在入睡时间、夜间苏醒和总睡眠质量3个因子和AIS总分异常。     

心肌梗塞后述情障碍分析及康复意义

应用多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS）,对35例心肌梗塞患者进行了述情障碍心理调查,结果68.6％的患者出现述情障碍。TAS的因子分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ明显升高。说明重视述情障碍、加强心理卫生对AMI患者的康复有重要意义。     

肠易激综合征患者的睡眠特征

目的 分析伴焦虑抑郁和无焦虑抑郁的肠易激综合征(IBS)患者睡眠质量的差别,探讨IBS患者的睡眠特征.方法 采用pittsburgh睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对IBS患者(145例)及健康体检志愿者(59例)进行问卷调查,再根据焦虑或抑郁评分对IBS患者分为无焦虑抑郁亚组和伴焦虑抑郁亚组,进行统计学分析.结果 在SAS、SDS量表中,IBS组的SAS粗分、SDS粗分及SAS粗分阳性率均比健康对照组高(29.43±15.24比26.10±11.55,31.29±13.32比26.51±13.91,12.41%比3.39%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),SDS粗分阳性率与健康对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在PSQI量表中,IBS组及无焦虑抑郁IBS亚组在睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍等3个因子及PSQI总分比健康对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);伴焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组在睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠时间、日间功能障碍等6个因子和PSQI总分比健康对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);伴焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组在所有7个因子和PSQI总分均比无焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IBS患者存在睡眠异常,主要表现在睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍3个因子和PSQI总分异常,这些因子的异常独立于患者的情绪障碍,但情绪障碍会加重IBS患者的睡眠异常.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.