Acculturation,physical activity,and obesity among Hispanic adolescents

Objective. Little is known about how acculturation may influence participation in leisure-time physical activity and obesity among adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine these associations among Hispanic adolescents.

Design. Data were drawn from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, restricted to Hispanic adolescents aged 10–17 (n=4704). Acculturation was assessed by proxy measures (generation status and language spoken at home). Adolescents who were not reported to engage in physical activity lasting at least 20 minutes, that was vigorous enough to cause sweating and hard breathing, for at least three days per week were defined as failing to meet physical activity requirements. Obesity was defined as gender and age-specific body mass index values at or above the 95th percentile of the reference population. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to adjust for confounders.

Results. Of the Hispanic adolescents studied, 25.2%, 43.8%, and 31.1% were first, second, and third generation or more, respectively. English was the primary language in the home for 42.8% of these adolescents. Compared with adolescents in the third generation, adolescents from immigrant families had higher odds for not obtaining recommended physical activity (first generation: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.50, 95% conference intervals [CI]: 1.09, 2.05; second generation: AOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.69). Living in homes where English was not the primary language, vs. English-speaking homes, was also associated with not obtaining recommended physical activity (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.75). The unadjusted prevalence of obesity was higher in homes where English was not the primary language (22.5% vs. 16.1%; p<0.01), but this difference disappeared after adjusting for family socioeconomic status. Generational status was not a significant correlate of obesity.

Conclusions. Findings suggest that future public health interventions that aim to increasing physical activity among Hispanic adolescents should be tailored based on generational status and English-language use.     

艾滋病/性病/安全性行为同伴教育项目评价设计

  目的  探讨饮食知识健康教育和运动干预方式对中国城市初中生体质指数（BMI）和肥胖水平的干预效果,为青少年肥胖控制提供科学依据。  方法  于2015年9月,在天津、内江、大连抽取初一和初二1 491名学生作为研究对象,随机分为干预组（720人）和对照组（771人）,对干预组进行综合干预（健康教育和运动干预）,对照组进行普通干预（发放健康手册和知识讲座）,为期10月,干预前后分别进行问卷调查和体格测量。  结果  干预组肥胖学生BMI由干预前的30.1 kg/m² 下降为28.9 kg/m²,对照组肥胖学生BMI由干预前的29.9 kg/m² 下降为29.4 kg/m²,干预组肥胖学生BMI下降显著高于对照组。其中,干预组肥胖男生BMI由干预前的30.0 kg/m² 下降为28.6 kg/m²,对照组肥胖男生BMI由干预前的29.5 kg/m² 下降为28.9 kg/m²,干预组肥胖男生BMI下降显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）;在肥胖女生中干预不显著（P > 0.05）。干预组学生工作日久坐行为时间由干预前的4.2 h下降为4.1 h,对照组学生干预前后均为4.4 h;干预组学生每周吃水果蔬菜天数由干预前的4.5 d增加为5.1 d,对照组学生干预前后均为4.8 d,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。  结论  健康教育和运动干预相结合有助于提高学生体力活动水平,明显降低肥胖学生尤其是男生肥胖水平,但干预效果仍存在性别差异。     

建成环境对南京市儿童青少年体力活动影响

目的 分析不同建成环境特征对江苏省南京地区儿童青少年体力活动水平的影响,为提高儿童青少年体力活动水平提供科学依据.方法 于2018年5-6月采用现况研究设计,使用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选择南京市12个行政区4～12年级学生(9～17岁儿童青少年)共4 401人进行问卷调查,采用国际上通用体力活动居住环境量表(PANE...     

体力活动联合视屏时间对南京市儿童青少年超重肥胖的影响

目的探讨南京市儿童青少年体力活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖之间的关联,为防控儿童青少年肥胖提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2018年5—6月选择南京市36所学校4～12年级学生(9～17岁儿童青少年)共4 401人进行问卷调查和身高、体重测量。根据性别、年龄和体质指数(BMI)将调查对象划分为超重肥胖组和体重正常组,采用国际体力活动问卷调查体力活动水平和视屏时间,logistic回归方法分析体力活动和视屏时间对南京市儿童青少年超重和肥胖的影响。结果南京市儿童青少年超重肥胖率为27.7%(1 219人),体力活动充足率为21.1%(930人),视屏时间较短率为96.3%(4 237人)。体力活动充足以及视屏时间较短的学生BMI值分别低于体力活动不充足以及视屏时间过长学生。体力活动不充足且视屏时间过长组超重肥胖的发病率最高(39.7%)。在调整了相关混杂因素后,logistic回归分析结果显示,体力活动不充足且视屏时间较短组以及体力活动充足且视屏时间较短组超重肥胖的风险分别为体力活动不充足且视屏时间过长组的0.54倍(95%CI=0.37～0.77)和0.64倍(95%CI=0...     

The impact of state physical education requirements on youth physical activity and overweight

To combat childhood overweight in the US, which has risen dramatically in the past three decades, many medical and public health organizations have called for students to spend more time in physical education (PE) classes. This paper is the first to examine the impact of state PE requirements on student PE exercise time. It also exploits variation in state laws as quasi-natural experiments in order to estimate the causal impact of PE on overall student physical activity and weight. We study nationwide data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System for 1999, 2001, and 2003 merged with data on state minimum PE requirements from the 2001 Shape of the Nation Report.We find that high school students with a binding PE requirement report an average of 31 additional minutes per week spent physically active in PE class. Our results also indicate that additional PE time raises the number of days per week that girls report having exercised vigorously or having engaged in strength-building activity. We find no evidence that PE lowers BMI or the probability that a student is overweight.We conclude that raising PE credit requirements may make girls more physically active overall but there is not yet the scientific base to declare raising PE requirements an anti-obesity initiative for either boys or girls.     

徐州市中学生体力活动与肥胖及心理健康关系

  目的  了解家庭体育环境特征对青少年身体活动水平的影响,为今后中国青少年身体活动促进家庭层面策略的制定提供参考依据。  方法  于2019年10 — 12月采用随机抽样方法在北京市清华附中、上海市闵行中学、山东省实验中学、陕西省秦汉中学4所学校抽取314名高中生进行问卷调查和一周不同强度身体活动时间的定量测试。  结果  青少年静坐行为（SB）、低强度身体活动（LPA）和中高强度身体活动（MVPA）时间分别为（5016.33 ± 1872.00）、（338.03 ± 215.60）和（1585.24 ± 896.22）分/周;青少年家庭体育物理环境中的活动器材可用性和活动器材易用性得分分别为（12.62 ± 3.65）和（7.83 ± 3.52）分,家庭体育社会环境中的父亲模范作用、母亲模范作用、父亲鼓励支持策略和母亲鼓励支持策略得分分别为（15.69 ± 5.28）、（16.74 ± 4.11）、（22.29 ± 6.62）和（8.64 ± 3.17）分;不同性别青少年比较,男生除SB低于女生外,LPA、MVPA及活动器材易用性、父亲模范作用、母亲模范作用、父亲鼓励支持策略和母亲鼓励支持策略得分均高于女生（均P < 0.01）。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,活动器材可用性、母亲模范作用和母亲鼓励支持策略是青少年SB的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性、父亲模范作用、母亲模范作用和母亲鼓励支持策略是男生SB的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和父亲鼓励支持策略是女生SB的主要影响因素;活动器材可用性和母亲鼓励支持策略是青少年LPA的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和母亲鼓励支持策略是男生LPA的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和父亲鼓励支持策略是女生LPA的主要影响因素;活动器材可用性和母亲鼓励支持策略是青少年MVPA的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和母亲模范作用是男生MVPA的主要影响因素,父亲鼓励支持策略是女生MVPA的主要影响因素。  结论  青少年身体活动与家庭体育物理环境和家庭体育社会环境关系密切,未来在青少年身体活动行为领域应更加关注家庭体育环境的影响。     

Home environments,physical activity,and energy expenditure among low-income overweight and obese women

Ecologic models of physical activity identify multiple environmental domains that influence activity levels, including the home. This study examined aspects of the home environment associated with objective measures of physical activity in overweight and obese women. Study participants were recruited through three federally qualified health centers in rural southwest Georgia as part of a randomized controlled trial of a home-environment-focused weight gain prevention intervention. Data collected from February 2011 to December 2012 were from 301 participants who completed baseline interviews and wore accelerometers for 7 days. Most were African American (83.4%) and obese (50.5%) or morbidly obese with body mass index ≥40 (35.6%). Mean age was 50.6 years. Participants were highly sedentary, with 7.9 hours of non-sedentary time per week, primarily in light activity. In a multivariate model, exercise equipment (p = .03), family support (p = .02), and full-time employment (p = .03) were positively associated with non-sedentary time, whereas age (p = .003), living in a more rural area (p = .03), and having an exercise space (p = .01) were negatively associated. Home environments may be promising targets for programs aimed at increasing activity levels among overweight and obese women.     

Weight control beliefs, body shape attitudes, and physical activity among adolescents

BACKGROUND: Relatively little is known about how perceived weight controllability influences important psychological health factors among adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore adolescents' weight controllability beliefs and how those beliefs influence weight‐related attitudes and behaviors. METHODS: Adolescents (N = 369, mean age = 13.14, SD = 0.95) enrolled in physical education completed a survey packet, which included demographic questions and items targeting obesity, body shape, and weight controllability beliefs. RESULTS: Participants believed that fat children have weight problems because they consume too many calories, are lazy, have access to junk food, and lack self‐control. Those who endorsed high weight controllability beliefs were more likely to indicate that a thin person, as compared to a fat person, would enjoy physical activity and be coordinated, have higher levels of personal weight and body shape satisfaction, and engage in vigorous physical activity more days per week. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived weight controllability may be an important construct to study further, particularly in relationship to health‐ and weight‐related attitudes and behaviors.     

成都市儿童青少年静态生活方式现状及其与超重/肥胖的关系

目的 明确成都市儿童青少年静态生活方式现状及其与超重/肥胖的关系,探讨预防儿童青少年超重/肥胖的可能性。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取成都市2 211名7～15岁儿童青少年测量身高、体重等,同时使用自行设计的基础问卷和体力活动问卷进行调查,了解该人群基本情况及静态生活方式。结果 采用国际肥胖特别工作组（IOTF）标准,非超重、超重和肥胖组中男生周末看电视时间≥2 h/d报告率分别为34.80%、4.21%和1.92%（P=0.016 0）,女生做家庭作业时间≥2 h/d报告率分别为12.17%、0.89%和0.49%（P=0.036 0）。采用中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）标准,在男生组得出相似结果;女生组三种静态生活方式（看电视、使用计算机及做家庭作业）在3个组中的差异均无统计学意义。分年龄组比较后发现,WGOC标准下13～15岁女生非超重组周末看电视时间≥2 h/d的报告率最高,其次为超重组和肥胖组（P=0.035 1）。以体力活动水平分组,采用Schofield标准,均表现为随体力活动水平的增加,男女生WHR有增加的趋势;采用中国营养学会（CNS）标准,只有男生组差异有统计学意义,且趋势不变。结论 成都市儿童青少年肥胖组静态生活方式报告率高于超重组和非超重组。但超重/肥胖与静态生活方式的关系还有待进一步研究。     

久坐时间及体力活动与儿童超重肥胖的联合关系研究

目的 探明久坐时间(ST)、体力活动(PA)与儿童超重肥胖的联合关系,为从身体活动角度制定儿童超重肥胖的防控策略提供依据。方法 本研究采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2017年3-6月共抽取3 936名广州市7~12岁儿童。采用信效度良好的问卷评估儿童的ST和PA水平,儿童超重肥胖依据中国肥胖工作组制定的标准进行判定。每天进行课后ST≥2 h/d视为高ST,每天参加中高等强度PA≥60 min/d视为高PA;高、低ST和PA两两交叉分组后形成四组别。结果 广州市7~12岁儿童总体的超重肥胖率为21.5%。低ST高PA、低ST低PA、高ST高PA、高ST低PA四组别儿童的超重肥胖率分别为18.9%,17.8%,23.1%和22.3%。在控制了混杂因素后,与低ST高PA组儿童相比较,高ST高PA组儿童的超重肥胖风险是其1.286倍(95%CI:1.078~1.724),高ST低PA组儿童的超重肥胖风险是其1.219倍(95%CI:1.059~1.641)。结论 ST、PA与儿童超重肥胖间存在联合关系,有关部门从身体活动角度防控儿童超重肥胖时,除了考虑增加儿童中高等强度PA水平,也应多关注减少课后ST。     

Dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Australian secondary students in 2005

The aim of this study was to provide a current assessment of Australian secondary students' self-reported dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. This study also examined the relationship between television viewing and students' dietary behaviour. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 18 486 secondary students in 2005 from all Australian states except Western Australia. Participants reported their usual daily consumption (number of serves) of vegetables and fruit; their weekly consumption of unhealthy/non-core foods including fast food meals, snack foods and high-energy drinks; their engagement in moderate-vigorous physical activity over the previous week; and hours spent using electronic media for entertainment and doing homework on school days. The study found that 20% of students were meeting the daily requirement of four serves of vegetables, whereas 39% were eating the recommended three daily serves of fruit. Consumption of unhealthy/non-core foods was high, with 46% of students having fast food meals at least twice a week, 51% eating snack foods four or more times per week and 44% having high-energy drinks four or more times per week. Fourteen per cent of students engaged in recommended levels of physical activity and 29% engaged in recommended levels of sedentary behaviour. Age and gender differences occurred for most measures, and there were some socio-economic status differences. Heavier television use was associated with lower consumption of fruit and higher consumption of unhealthy/non-core foods. On the basis of the results of this study, it appears that a significant proportion of Australian secondary students fall short of current, national dietary and physical activity recommendations for teenagers. Continual monitoring of these behaviours is essential to help inform research and policy and identify where future efforts should be directed.     

长沙市13～18岁青少年超重和肥胖流行现状

目的 了解长沙市12~18岁青少年的超重和肥胖的流行现状,认识青少年肥胖问题的严峻性,为制定控制肥胖的干预措施提供参考依据。方法 2009年9-12月期间采用整群抽样的方法随机抽取长沙市12所中学和12所高中,共纳入13～18岁中学生16 843名,并按照WHO的要求测量体重和身高。结果 本次研究的中学生共16 843名,超重人数1 703名,超重率为10.11%,肥胖人数838,肥胖率为4.98%,其中男女生超重率分别为952/8 149(11.68%)和751/8 694(8.64%),男女生肥胖率分别为578/8 149(7.09%)和260/8 694(2.99%)。不同性别儿童超重率和肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=42.89,149.73,P均<0.001)。随着年龄增长男生超重率呈现先增加后下降的趋势,肥胖率一直呈现增加的趋势。女生超重率随着年龄增长呈现增加趋势,肥胖率呈现先增加后降低的趋势。结论 长沙市13～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖率高,存在性别差异,应该动员家庭、幼儿园/学校、社区在内的所有相关群体采取综合干预措施,减少肥胖发生。     

Exploring the reasons why adolescents participate in physical activity and identifying strategies that facilitate their involvement in such activity

Background: Prompted by the dramatic rise in obesity and the decline in physical activity of adolescents aged 11–15 years, this study explored, from the participants’ viewpoints, the influences contributing to the engagement of adolescents in physical activities and the strategies facilitating their participation in physical activities. Methods: An interpretive qualitative methodology was used involving 13 adolescents in three separate activity‐based focus groups. Results: The findings describe the personal abilities of the participants and the health benefits, psychological, emotional and environmental factors influencing participation in physical activity. Findings endorse the use of supportive, enjoyable and skill‐appropriate approaches to physical activity intervention. Conclusions: Implications for occupational therapy include promoting physical activities as aspects of occupations to improve the health and well‐being of adolescents through engagement in such activities.     

Correlates of physical activity among Australian Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adolescents

Objective: Physical inactivity is an important modifiable cause of the excess burden of disease among Indigenous Australians. We describe physical activity patterns and influencing factors, comparing Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adolescents. Methods: Indigenous (n=359) and non‐Indigenous (n=637) adolescents aged 13–17 years from disadvantaged New South Wales regions completed a health and lifestyle survey. Socio‐demographic, social, psychosocial and health correlates of out of school physical activity (high vs. low) among the whole sample, and stratified by Indigenous status were examined. Results: Only 21% of Indigenous and 28% of non‐Indigenous adolescents achieved higher levels of physical activity. Overall, higher levels were associated with being male; sports team membership; lower levels of TV viewing time and having an employed mother. Indigenous girls were less active than boys (OR=0.36; 85%CI=0.24–0.54), as were those whose mothers were unemployed (OR=0.66; 95%CI=0.40–1.09). Among non‐Indigenous adolescents, high levels of physical activity were associated with sports team membership (OR=2.28; 95%CI=1.39–3.74) and community involvement (OR=1.46; 95%CI=1.04–2.06). Conclusions: Physical activity levels were similarly low among disadvantaged Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adolescents. Some influencing factors existed across the whole sample; others in stratification by Indigenous status. Implications for public health: Early and targeted, supportive approaches are necessary. Some apply to disadvantaged adolescents broadly; others are Indigenous or non‐Indigenous specific.     

Perimenopausal health self-efficacy among Hispanic Caribbean and non-Hispanic white women

The perimenopausal experience varies among different ethnic and cultural groups. This research examined perimenopausal health self-efficacy of Latinas and non-Hispanic White women and variables that predicted health in 147 women ages 40 to 60 in the Northeast United States. Self-efficacy scores were similar for both groups. Latinas scored lower, however, in the Cognition/Decision Making subscale of the Perimenopausal Health Self-Efficacy Survey (PHS-ES). Perceived health was predicted by control over health and stress for both, and greater self-efficacy was associated with higher perceptions of health. Subtle differences existed between the two groups, which may reflect cultural beliefs and barriers to care during midlife.     

A randomised control trial of physical activity in a perceived environment on self-esteem and mood in UK adolescents

This study assessed whether exercising whilst viewing natural or built scenes affected self-esteem (SE) and mood in adolescents. Twenty-five adolescents participated in three exercise tests on consecutive days. A graded exercise test established the work rate equivalent to 50% heart rate reserve for use in subsequent constant load tests (CLTs). Participants undertook two 15-min CLTs in random order viewing scenes of either natural or built environments. Participants completed Rosenberg’s SE scale and the adolescent profile of mood states questionnaire pre- and post-exercise. There was a significant main effect for SE (F(1) = 6.10; P < 0.05) and mood (F(6) = 5.29; P < 0.001) due to exercise, but no effect of viewing different environmental scenes (P > 0.05). Short bouts of moderate physical activity can have a positive impact on SE and mood in adolescents. Future research should incorporate field studies to examine the psychological effects of contact with real environments.     

Food habits,physical activity and overweight among adolescents

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide. Not only adults but also children and adolescents are involved. There are no recent data from French West Indies, where situation is believed to be worrying. Hence, the objective of the study was to provide information on the situation of adolescents, describing their nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity habits. METHODS: A sample of adolescents of both sexes, 14 to 15 years of age, was drawn among the 45 secondary schools of the Island. Of 993 adolescents drawn, 715 participated in the study which consisted in a questionnaire on their food and physical activity habits and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: As a whole these adolescents displayed a greater growth rate than the WHO reference population. About 20% presented a body mass index (BMI) over the chosen thresholds for overweight and obesity. They were slightly more mature than the French Continental children (i. e. girls experienced menarche at 11.9 +/- 1.0 years of age versus 13 years in Metropolitan France). Their food habits were similar in structure and composition, to those of westernised countries, while retaining some features of the "Creole culture". Foods rich in animal fats and carbohydrates were prevailing. Girls ate less dairy products than boys (53% of the adolescent girls drank milk during breakfast against 64% of the boys). Almost every boy had a sport activity out of school, but girls were less often enrolled in sports. Sport activity decreased with age. There were no clear differences in physical activity levels between adolescents with high BMI or low BMI. CONCLUSIONS: There is an excess of overweight and obesity in this adolescent population. These conditions may have appeared soon during childhood and be hardly modified latter. Physical activity level would have a stronger impact on fatness during childhood than at adolescence. Hence, a special attention should be brought early to the nutritional status, food and physical activity habits of young children, given the risks to develop degenerative diseases when adults.     

河北省农村成人超重、肥胖及相关因素分析

目的了解河北省农村成年人超重、肥胖现状及膳食和体力活动的影响因素,为采取干预措施提供科学依据。方法运用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,对不同经济地区农村18岁及以上人群进行调查。结果共调查2 315人,超重、肥胖的粗患病率分别为30.7%和15.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,超重、肥胖的影响因素主要有能量摄入过多、脂肪供给量过多和静态生活时间过长。结论合理的膳食结构（低能量和脂肪摄入）和体力活动是干预超重、肥胖的重要措施。