重庆市万州区农村居民土源性线虫感染现状调查

目的:了解重庆市万州区农村居民土源性线虫感染现状及流行特点,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法:按照全国统一方案,采用分层整群抽样法抽取我区4个乡镇共4个调查点,每点调查约500人。用改良加滕厚涂片法检查土源性线虫卵;透明胶纸肛拭法查12岁以下儿童蛲虫卵。结果:共调查2059人,土源性线虫感染327人,总感染率15.88%。其中蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫和蛲虫感染率分别为10.92%、1.74%、6.4%、2.4%。女性总感染率(15.4%),男性总感染率(16.4),无显著性差异(P0.01);总感染率60岁组最高,蛔虫及钩虫感染率60岁组最高,鞭虫感染率45~55岁组最高。结论:我区人体土源性线虫感染较普遍,感染率15.9%,低年龄组儿童和中老年文盲和半文盲是土源性线虫病防治的重点人群。     

2012年漯河市土源性线虫监测分析

目的了解2012年漯河市土源性线虫感染情况,为制定防制策略和措施提供依据。方法采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查土源性线虫卵,3～12岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。结果全市共调查4 421人,土源性线虫总感染率为1.22%,女性感染率高于男性;其中钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫,感染率分别为0.27%、0.27%、0.05%和0.63%;儿童肛拭324人,感染率为7.41%;15岁以下年龄组感染率最高,为2.33%。结论我市土源性线虫感染率大幅下降,今后仍需加强15岁以下儿童土源性线虫病综合防控工作。     

2015年驻马店市人体土源性线虫调查分析

目的了解我市人体土源性线虫病流行现状,掌握流行规律和影响因素,为制定防治对策和评估全市土源性线虫病防治规划实施情况提供科学依据。方法按照全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查(即全国三次寄调)实施细则中的要求采用改良加藤厚涂片法对受检者进行粪检,检查土源性线虫虫卵并计数。采用试管滤纸培养法对钩虫感染者粪样进行钩蚴培养,检查并鉴定粪样中的十二指肠钩虫和美洲钩虫。结果共调查3 506人,感染者26人,总感染率0.74%,其中钩虫感染率最高(0.40%),其次为蛲虫(0.26%),蛔虫和鞭虫感染率分别为0.06%和0.03%,60岁以上年龄组、文化程度低者、农民土源性线虫感染人数较高。结论驻马店市人群蛔虫和鞭虫感染率明显下降,钩虫感染应为防治的重点。     

三明市3次土源性线虫感染调查结果分析

目的了解福建省三明市土源性线虫病感染情况,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法以分层整群随机抽样法,抽取4～7个县(区)为监测点,调查对象为3岁以上常住居民。用改良加藤氏厚涂片法粪检钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫虫卵,3～9岁儿童用透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫虫卵。结果三明市3次调查土源性线虫总感染率,分别为83.8%(6 046/7 219)、17.3%(1 745/10 076)和6.6%(503/7 655),呈下降趋势。第1次调查蛔虫感染率最高(68.7%);第2和第3次儿童蛲虫(肛拭法)感染率均最高(27.6%、19.5%),钩虫次之(12.6%、5.9%);第2和第3次调查女性平均感染率(13.6%)高于男性(11.8%),以≥60岁组感染率最高(16.7%),40～岁组次之(15.3%)。结论三明市土源性线虫感染率整体呈下降趋势。优势虫种从蛔虫转为蛲虫和钩虫,儿童是蛲虫感染高危人群,≥60岁人群是钩虫防治重点人群。     

2010年河南省信阳市土源性线虫病监测结果

目的通过了解河南省信阳市居民土源性线虫病感染情况,为制定防治对策和评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法于2010年,采用改良加藤厚涂片法对监测点内3周岁以上的常住居民进行钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫及蛲虫检查;3～12周岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。结果监测1 099人,土源性线虫平均感染率为3.91%,与2002年调查结果相比,下降了74.79%,其中蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、儿童蛲虫感染率分别为2.00%、0.73%、0.18%、1.00%。结论信阳市人体土源性线虫感染率虽比过去下降,但仍要继续加强寄生虫病防治工作。     

2016—2020年江西省遂川县土源性线虫病监测结果分析

目的 了解遂川县近年土源性线虫病流行情况,评估综合防治措施效果,为其防治提供科学依据。方法 2016—2020年每年采用整群随机抽样方法从遂川县东、西、南、北和中5个片区的每个片区抽取1个行政村的3周岁以上常住居民开展土源性线虫病监测,粪便检测采用改良加藤厚涂片法,每年检查总人数不少于1 000人。通过问卷调查表收集当地防治工作开展情况。结果 该县土源性线虫感染率从2016年的3.43%下降到2020年的0.29%,其中钩虫感染率最高为2017年的2.73%,最低为2020年的0.29%;蛔虫感染率最高为2016年的1.57%,2020年未查出蛔虫感染者;5年内仅在2016年发现1例鞭虫感染。女性土源性线虫感染率明显高于男性;各年龄组土源性线虫感染率逐年下降;随着年龄的增加,感染率呈上升趋势,≥60岁年龄组5年土源性线虫平均感染率最高（3.19%）,3～6岁年龄组平均感染率最低（0.68%）。在5个监测点中,土源性线虫平均感染率最高为草林镇（4.07%）,最低为戴家埔乡（0.20%）。结论 遂川县土源性线虫病处于低度流行状态,且呈现逐年下降趋势;感染虫种以钩虫为主,感染人群以60岁以上...     

东山县土源性线虫感染现状调查

目的了解东山县土源性线虫感染现状及分布特点,为防治工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方式确定调查点,用Kato-Katz法检查粪便中蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫虫卵,透明胶纸肛拭法检查儿童蛲虫卵,以问卷形式记录性别、年龄、受教育程度以及相关流行因素。结果全县共调查5个镇个8个村1 797人,查出感染土源性线虫233人,感染率13.0%。其中钩虫、鞭虫和蛔虫感染率分别为12.74%、0.2%和0.06%,蛲虫调查205人,感染率19.02%;35岁以上感染率显著高于35岁以下,女性感染率高于男性,感染率随着文化程度的升高而降低。结论东山县人群土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势,但在以种植经济作物为主的乡镇钩虫感染率仍然较高;儿童蛲虫感染率也仍处于较高水平,应引起重视。     

彭山县人体土源性线虫感染情况调查

摘要:目的　了解彭山县土源性线虫感染现状,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法　全县分东南西北中5个片区进行随机抽样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查土源性线虫卵。结果　共调查974人,检出3种土源性线虫,总感染率为12.63％;其中蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为10.57％、1.33％、0.72％。地区分布低山丘陵地区感染率高于平坝地区,总感染率及蛔虫的感染率差异具有统计学意义（χ2总＝21.97,χ2蛔虫＝14.93,P值均小于0.05）。总感染率、蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率性别差异均无统计学意义（P值均＞0.05）。20岁以下和31～40岁组总感染率最高,分别为15.69％和19.50％,各年龄组总感染率及蛔虫的感染率差异有统计学意义（χ2总＝12.45,χ2蛔虫＝13.39,P值均小于0.05）。结论　与2002年调查相比,彭山县人体土源性线虫感染率呈明显下降趋势,以蛔虫感染为主,低山丘陵地区感染较严重,防治工作任重道远。今后防治工作重点地区为低山丘陵地区。     

广西宜州市农村居民土源性线虫感染现状

目的了解广西宜州市农村居民土源性线虫感染现状,为制定防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用改良加藤厚涂片法（Kato-Katz法）,检查居民粪便中的蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫感染情况。对3-9岁儿童同时采用透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。用SPSS 16.0软件建立数据库作统计分析。结果宜州市农村居民土源性线虫人群总感染率为6.56%,其中钩虫感染率最高为5.41%,鞭虫感率为0.19%,蛔虫感染率为零,3-9岁儿童蛲虫感染率为6.25%。结论宜州市农村居民土源性线虫成人感染以钩虫为主,儿童感染以蛲虫为主。应采取积极有效的防控措施,降低土源性线虫感染率,保障人民群众的身体健康。     

咸阳市礼泉县2013 年土源性线虫病监测结果

目的了解咸阳市礼泉县人群土源线虫感染状况,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法根据《全国土源性线虫病防治技术方案》要求选点,确定监测人群,应用改良加藤厚涂片法和3～12岁加透明胶带肛拭法对人体土源线虫感染情况进行调查。结果调查了2500人,感染率为1．40％（35／2500）;其中蛔虫感染率1．08％（27／2500）,鞭虫感染率n32％（8／2500）,未检出钩虫和蛲虫。结论礼泉县属土源性线虫病流行三类地区,年龄偏大、文化程度低、从事农业生产的人群仍是感染土源线虫的重点人群,应继续加大防治知识宣传。     

The prevalence of Toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the London area

Toxocara canis is an ascarid parasite of the dog. Human infection is acquired when ova of T. canis are ingested. Parks and play areas contaminated with dog faeces are recognised as potential sources of infection. Five hundred and twenty one soil samples were examined from fifteen parks and gardens in the greater London area to establish the prevalence of soil contamination in those facilities. Samples were examined using a magnesium sulphate floatation method. T. canis ova were found in 6.3% of the samples. Positive samples were commonly found in lawns, playing fields and children's play areas. The authors believe that this may constitute a significant health risk, particularly to children.     

Studies on the incidence of Toxocara and Toxascaris spp. ova in the environment. 1. A comparison of flotation procedures for recovering Toxocara spp. ova from soil.

Seven different flotation fluids were assessed for their efficiency in recovering Toxocara canis ova from artificially seeded soil samples. Using the most efficient (a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate plus 5% potassium iodide) 25 g amounts of 234 environmental soil samples were examined for the presence of Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris ova. Twenty-six samples (11.1%) yielded ova of one or other species. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of positives with relation to the source of the samples. The maximum number of ova recovered in any one sample was 19. All the ova recovered from the environment were considered viable and potentially infective.     

Effect of Caffeine on Human Sperm Penetration into Zona-Free Hamster ova

The effect of caffeine on spermatozoal ability to penetrate zona-free hamster ova was examined on fresh and frozen-thawed semen samples. The mean motility of 10 fresh semen samples incubated with caffeine significantly increased from 29% to 35%. Sperm penetration into zona-free hamster ova did not differ between the control group and the specimens to which caffeine was added. The same effect of caffeine on sperm motility and hamster ova penetration was noted in the frozen-thawed sperm samples. Motility was enhanced by 21%, but hamster ova penetration did not significantly change. The increase in sperm motility caused by caffeine does not change the fertilizing ability of fresh and frozen-thawed human sperm.     

The relationship of park maintenance and accessibility to dogs to the presence of Toxocara spp. ova in the soil.

Three parks in St. Joseph/Benton Harbor, Michigan were examined for the presence of Toxocara spp. ova in the soil. Nineteen per cent (22/114) of the samples contained ova, and mean density (eggs/5 g soil) was 0.73. The density of two samples, collected at the base of playground equipment in one park, was greater than 2.1, which is considered sufficient for human infection. Subjective assessments of park maintenance and accessibility to dogs were not good indicators of the presence of Toxocara spp. ova.     

Involvement of thyroxine in ovarian toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Forced ovulation induced by the administration of exogenous gonadotropin is a useful marker for studying the ovarian toxicity of chemicals in experimental animals. We examined the toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the ovaries of immature F344 female rats. Superovulation was induced by injections of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in rats dosed with 125, 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg body weight of DEHP for 4 consecutive days. The number of ova shed during superovulation significantly decreased in rats treated with DEHP at 500 mg/kg as compared with control, but no changes were observed in the number of ova in groups given other doses of DEHP. In control rats treated with olive oil, hypophysectomy reduced significantly the number of ovulated ova. When 2,000 mg DEHP was given to hypophysectomized (hypox) rats, the number of ova in the hypox group was significantly smaller than that in the intact group administered with the same doses of DEHP. In contrast, the numbers of ova of the intact and hypox groups did not significantly differ in rats given 500 mg DEHP. The levels of circulating thyroxine (T4) were significantly decreased by 2,000 mg DEHP in intact rats, and a tendency for T4 to decrease in T4 was also observed in hypox rats given 2,000 mg DEHP. These results suggest that daily administration of 500 mg DEHP suppressed superovulation in immature F344 rats by disrupting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in a manner similar to that of hypophysectomy. Decreased circulating T4 levels seemed to negate this disruption as observed in recovered superovulation after treatment with 2,000 mg DEHP.     

Hookworm infection in a rural community in south India and its association with haemoglobin levels

Faecal samples were obtained from 1113 persons living in a rural area in South India, and the hookworm ova load (Necator americanus) was determined using Kato's thick smear method. Evidence of hookworm infection was present in 92%, 77% having a count of under 100 epg, 11% a count of 1000 to 1999 epg, and 4% having counts between 2000 and 12,000 epg. Females had significantly higher ova counts than males on the average, but age did not appear to have any effect. Haemoglobin was also estimated: 80% of adult males, 87% of adult females and 90% of children were anaemic. There was a significant negative association between ova load and haemoglobin level, and the decrease in haemoglobin for a doubling of the ova load was estimated by regression analysis to be 0.18, 0.29 and 0.16 g/dl in adult males, adult females and children, respectively. There was nearly perfect agreement in the ranking of 10 clusters by mean ova count and mean haemoglobin level or percentage with anaemia.     

Fibre-optic sigmoidoscopy compared with the Kato technique in diagnosis and evaluation of the intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection.

450 patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, complaining of chronic abdominal pain and, coming from different countries endemic for schistosomiasis, were examined endoscopically using fibre-optic colono- or sigmoidoscopes, and rectal biopsies were examined for Schistosoma mansoni ova. After a preliminary study showed that more than 6 biopsies did not increase the positivity rate, 6 biopsies were taken from the rectum and examined by transparency technique. 280 were positive for S. mansoni, 9 of them having in addition S. haematobium. 4 patients had polyps in the sigmoid colon and rectum. When these positive cases were examined using duplicate 50 mg Kato smears, only 160 (57.1%) were positive. There was a highly positive correlation between the intensity of infection as graded by the 2 techniques. We recommend examination of 6 rectal biopsies using fibre-optic sigmoidoscopy when available in small communities with a patchy distribution of schistosomiasis like Saudi Arabia. The method could also be used to exclude schistosomiasis in persons who have moved from rural to urban or non-endemic areas and are unlikely to be re-exposed to infection.     

Apparent isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from human faeces

After repeated abortions a woman had a healthy child followed by 2 children who had choroido-retinitis since birth. These 4 subjects showed Toxoplasma antibodies of moderate titre. Ascaris lumbricoides ova found in the stools of the mother and the healthy child were collected, and after 7 days' incubation, a suspension of non-larvated ova collected from the mother was inoculated orally and subcutaneously into mice. 3 of the 4 mice inoculated orally showed Toxoplasma cysts in their brains. No success attended attempts for further isolation from specimens containing mature ova of the same batch or from other stool specimens collected over 2 years from the mother or healthy child or from 2 female worms and their ova obtained from the mother.     

Bilharzia ova in cervical smears a possible additional route for the passage of ova into water

1,901 slides from 3 clinics were examined for bilharzial ova and miracidia and 44 were found to be positive. The percentage of positives was higher in the Post-Natal group than in Family Planning or Gynaecological Out-Patients groups. This difference may be partly because of increased vascularity associated with pregnancy.