口服营养补充对鼻咽癌同期放化疗患者的影响

背景与目的：鼻咽癌患者同步放化疗期间常出现体质量下降及营养不良,进而影响治疗疗效及生活质量。本研究旨在对其进行强化营养咨询和口服营养补充(oral nutritional supplements,ONS),观察对营养状况及生活质量的影响。方法：采用前瞻性、随机对照的方法,以2014年6月—2015年12月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科和上海交通大学附属第九人民医院放疗科64例鼻咽癌同期放化疗患者作为研究对象。试验组给予个体化营养咨询和口服营养补充,对照组给予常规治疗。采用生物电阻抗方法及PG-SGA营养评估法,观察营养干预对鼻咽癌同期放化疗患者的营养状况患者主观整体评估(patient-generated subjective global assessment,PG-SGA)评分及人体成分指标,如体质量、体质指数、脂肪组织、去脂组织、体细胞量、骨骼肌量及相位角的影响。结果：同步放化疗期间所有患者人体成分指标均有不同程度的下降,下降程度试验组均好于对照组(P＞0.05);PG-SGA营养评估的评分值,试验组均低于对照组(P＞0.05);生活质量各项评分,试验组均好于对照组(P＞0.05);ONS摄入量大于2/3计划量的患者与对照组相比,人体成分指标如去脂组织指数和骨骼肌量试验组明显好于对照组(P＜0.05);生活质量评分指标如总体健康状况、恶心与呕吐、疼痛及便秘的平均变化值,试验组均小于对照组(P＞0.05)。结论：鼻咽癌患者放化疗期间营养状况下降明显,及时给予口服营养补充可在一定程度上缓解营养状况的进一步下降。     

协同干预模式对直肠癌新辅助化疗患者营养状况、癌因性疲乏程度及生活质量的影响

目的探讨协同干预模式对直肠癌新辅助化疗患者营养状况、癌因性疲乏程度及生活质量的影响。方法依据干预方式将150例直肠癌新辅助化疗患者分为观察组和对照组,每组75例,对照组患者化疗过程中给予常规干预,观察组患者化疗过程中给予协同干预模式管理。干预前后,采用主观整体营养评估量表(PGSGA)和血清白蛋白水平评估两组患者的营养状况;采用癌因性疲乏量表评估两组患者的癌因性疲乏程度;采用生活质量量表(QOL)评估两组患者的生活质量。结果干预后,观察组患者PG-SGA评分明显低于本组干预前,两组患者癌因性疲乏量表评分均明显低于本组干预前,血清白蛋白水平和QOL量表各维度评分均明显高于本组干预前,且观察组患者PG-SGA评分、癌因性疲乏量表评分均明显低于对照组患者,血清白蛋白水平和QOL量表各维度评分均明显高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论协同干预模式可改善直肠癌新辅助化疗患者的营养状况及癌因性疲乏程度,提高患者化疗期间的生活质量。     

口服营养补充剂对胃癌患者辅助化疗期间营养状况及化疗相关毒副反应耐受性的影响

目的:探讨服用口服营养补充剂对胃癌术后患者辅助化疗期间营养状况及化疗相关毒副反应耐受性的影响。方法:回顾性分析中国人民解放军北部战区总医院肿瘤科2017年1月-2017年12月收治的胃癌术后首次接受辅助化疗的59名患者,其中28名患者自入院起即接受常规营养教育和口服肠内营养补充(ONS)且持续至化疗4周期以上作为ONS组, 31名患者仅接受常规营养饮食教育作为对照组。比较两组患者化疗前及4周期化疗后的营养状况及化疗相关不良反应严重程度。结果:两组患者化疗前一般情况、PG-SGA评分、体重指数（BMI）、血清白蛋白(ALB）水平无明显统计学差异（P＞0.05）。经过4周期化疗后,ONS组患者PG-SGA评分（12.61±1.93）低于对照组（14.84±2.21）（P＜0.05）;ONS组患者体重指数BMI（22.32±3.06）kg/m2高于对照组患者（20.49±2.91）kg/m2（P＜0.05);ONS组患者血清白蛋白（35.36±3.89）g/L高于对照组（31.32±3.03）g/L（P＜0.05）;ONS组化疗相关骨髓抑制及消化道不良反应严重程度低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论:口服营养补充剂可以有效改善胃癌术后患者辅助化疗期间的营养不良状态,降低化疗毒副反应严重程度,增加化疗毒副反应的耐受性。     

Impact of Nutritional Status on the Quality of Life of Advanced Cancer Patients in Hospice Home Care

Background: Cancer patients frequently experience malnutrition and this is an important factor in impairedquality of life. Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the association between global quality of life andits various subscales with nutritional status among 61 (33 females and 28 males) advanced cancer patients caredfor by selected hospices in peninsular Malaysia. Methods: The Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA) and the Hospice Quality of Life Index (HQLI) were used to assess nutritional status and quality oflife, respectively. Results: Nine (14.7%) patients were well-nourished, 32 (52.5%) were moderately or suspectedof being malnourished while 20 (32.8%) of them were severely malnourished. The total HQLI mean score forthese patients was 189.9±51.7, with possible scores ranging from 0 to 280. The most problem areas in thesepatients were in the domain of functional well-being and the least problems were found in the social/spiritualdomain. PG-SGA scores significantly correlated with total quality of life scores (r2= 0.38, p<0.05),psychophysiological well-being (r2= 0.37, p<0.05), functional well-being (r2= 0.42, p<0.05) and social/ spiritualwell-being (r2= 0.07, p<0.05). Thus, patients with a higher PG-SGA score or poorer nutritional status exhibiteda lower quality of life. Conclusion: Advanced cancer patients with poor nutritional status have a diminishedquality of life. These findings suggest that there is a need for a comprehensive nutritional intervention forimproving nutritional status and quality of life in terminally ill cancer patients under hospice care.     

营养干预对结直肠癌术后辅助化疗患者营养状况及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨营养干预对结直肠癌术后辅助化疗患者营养状况和生活质量的影响。方法 选取56例结直肠癌术后辅助化疗患者,据其营养干预情况分为对照组（36例）和营养干预组（20例）,比较两组患者手术4周后血液指标、PG-SGA评分和生活质量评价SF-36量表评分差异。结果 营养干预组和对照组患者入院时的PG-SGA评分比较差异无统计学意义（t=-0.347, P=0.730）,而4周后的PG-SGA评分差异有统计学意义（t=-2.708, P=0.009）。4周后,两组患者血清前白蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;生活质量评分除了情感职能这一指标差异无统计学意义（P=0.083）,其他指标差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且营养干预组得分均高于对照组。结论 营养干预能有效改善结直肠癌术后辅助化疗患者的营养状况和生活质量。     

多维度姑息护理对终末期血液肿瘤患者营养、心理状况和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨多维度姑息护理对终末期血液肿瘤患者营养、心理状况和生活质量的影响。方法:选择2018年1月至2018年12月于核工业416医院住院治疗的终末期血液肿瘤患者96例,采用随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,分别接受常规护理和多维度姑息护理,1个月后采用全面主观营养评定法(PG-SGA)评估营养状况,采用焦虑(SAS)和抑郁(SDS)自评量表评估心理状况,采用肿瘤生存质量调查表(QLQ-C30)和癌症治疗功能评价量表(FACT-G)评估生活质量。结果:干预前两组PG-SGA评分差异无统计学意义［(5.4±1.8) vs (5.5±1.6),P＞0.05］,干预后观察组PG-SGA评分低于对照组［(5.6±1.4) vs (6.3±1.6),P＜0.05］;干预前两组SAS和SDS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),干预后观察组低于对照组［SAS:(42.0±9.4) vs (46.9±9.7),SDS:(38.8±8.1) vs (45.6±9.1),P＜0.05］;干预前两组QLQ-C30及FACT-G评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而干预后观察组QLQ-C30总分低于对照组［(70.4±10.7) vs (79.0±11.5),P＜0.05］,而整体健康状况观察组高于对照组［(10.0±1.5) vs (8.9±1.8),P＜0.05］。干预后观察组FACT-G总分及功能、社会/家庭和情感3个维度均低于对照组［总分:(76.1±8.3) vs (84.3±8.8);功能:(19.8±3.6) vs (23.1±3.8);社会/家庭:(20.9±3.8) vs (22.9±3.2);情感:(14.6±2.2) vs (16.5±2.4),P＜0.05］。 结论:多维度姑息护理能有效改善终末期血液肿瘤患者的营养和心理状况,提高生活质量。     

Effectiveness of Symptom Management Intervention for Improving the QOL of Cancer Patients

Background: Managing the symptoms of cancer patients is challenging for health care providers and interventions individually designed are required to improve the quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients. Objective: to assess the efficacy of symptom management intervention on symptom reduction and the QOL of cancer patients. Methods: A Quasi-experimental study using pre and post-test design was conducted among 200 cancer patients selected by a convenient sampling technique from the selected cancer hospitals. The intervention group received symptom management intervention and the control group received routine clinical care. The data were collected from individuals who had been diagnosed with breast/head and neck cancer and were in the third or fourth stages of cancer, using symptom assessment and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) QOL tool. After the pre-test, symptom management intervention was provided, and a post-test was conducted at one month and three months after the intervention. Results: The mean age was 50.93 years among the participants. Fifty-two percent and 68% of them were in stage IV cancer in the intervention group and control group respectively. The mean QOL score of head and Neck cancers in the intervention group increased from 20.76 (1.82) to 97.03 (3.33) and the mean scores of QOL of breast cancer patients in the intervention group increased from 22.44 (2.92) to 94.39 (8.30). Repeated measure ANOVA showed that the intervention program was effective in enhancing symptom reduction and QOL among cancer patients (Head and Neck cancers F(1.3, 114) =391.62, p< 0.001 and Breast cancer F (1, 75) =177.41.41, p=.001). Conclusion: Nurses play a vital role in providing care to cancer patients and improving their quality of life since nurses are more involved in care.     

直肠癌患者根治术后并发症影响因素分析及PG-SGA评分的预测价值

目的:研究直肠癌患者根治术后并发症的影响因素，分析主观全面评定法（PG-SGA）评分对其预测价值。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年10月在我院接受手术治疗的198例直肠癌患者，根据PG-SGA评分表对所有患者进行营养筛查，观察所有患者并发症发生情况；采用Logistics回归性分析分析直肠癌患者术后发生并发症的危险因素。结果:198例患者发生切口并发症17例（8.59%）、吻合口并发症14例（7.07%）、造口并发症6例（3.03%）、肺部感染8例（4.04%）、泌尿系统感染7例（3.54%），总并发率为52例（26.26%）；将52例出现并发症的患者按照临床指征进行分类观察，结果发现年龄≥65岁、有合并症、美国麻醉师协会（ASA）分级为3-4级、低分化、PG-SGA评分≥4分的患者术后并发症发生率较高，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；将年龄≥65岁、有合并症、ASA分级为3-4级、低分化、PG-SGA评分≥4分等因素纳入Logistics回归分析，结果显示ASA评级（3-4级）、PG-SGA（≥4分）是术后发生并发症的独立危险因素（P<0.05），术前PG-SGA≥4分患者术后发生并发症的几率是正常患者的1.638倍。结论:术前PG-SGA评分≥4分的直肠癌患者术后发生并发症的概率较高，临床应根据患者自身情况给予营养支持及加强并发症的防范。     

Changes in the Body Image and Relationship Scale following a one-year strength training trial for breast cancer survivors with or at risk for lymphedema

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a twice-weekly strength training intervention on perceptions of body image in 234 breast cancer survivors (112 with lymphedema) who participated in the Physical Activity and Lymphedema (PAL) trial. The study population included two hundred and thirty-four women randomly assigned to twice-weekly strength training or control group that completed the 32-item Body Image and Relationships Scale (BIRS) at baseline and 12 months. Percent change in baseline to 12-month BIRS total and subscale scores, upper and lower body strength, and general quality of life (QOL) were compared by intervention status. A series of multiple linear regression models including indicator variables for subgroups based on age, marital status, race, education, BMI, and strength change were used to examine differential intervention impact by subgroup. Strength and QOL variables were assessed as mediators of the intervention effect on BIRS. Results: Baseline BIRS scores were similar across intervention and lymphedema status. Significantly greater improvement in BIRS total score was observed from baseline to 12 months in treatment vs. control participants (12.0 vs. 2.0%; P < 0.0001). A differential impact of the intervention on the Strength and Health subscale was observed for older women (>50 years old) in the treatment group (P = 0.03). Significantly greater improvement was observed in bench and leg press among treatment group when compared to control group participants, regardless of lymphedema. Observed intervention effects were independent of observed strength and QOL changes. Twice-weekly strength training positively impacted self-perceptions of appearance, health, physical strength, sexuality, relationships, and social functioning. Evidence suggests the intervention was beneficial regardless of prior diagnosis of lymphedema. Strength and QOL improvements did not mediate the observed intervention effects.     

综合干预对晚期卵巢癌患者生活质量、心理状态及癌因性疲乏的影响

目的探讨综合干预对晚期卵巢癌患者生活质量、心理状态及癌因性疲乏的影响。方法随机数字表法将86例晚期卵巢癌患者对照组和研究组,每组43例,对照组患者给予常规护理干预,研究组患者在常规护理干预的基础上给予综合干预。采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评估两组患者的生活质量,采用癌症疲乏量表(CFS)评估两组患者的癌因性疲乏程度,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评估两组患者的心理状态。结果干预前,两组患者GQOLI-74、CFS、HAMD、HAMA量表评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。干预后,两组患者物质功能、社会功能、心理功能、躯体功能评分以及GQOLI-74总分均高于本组干预前,且研究组患者物质功能、社会功能、心理功能、躯体功能评分及GQOLI-74总分均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,研究组患者认知疲乏、情感疲乏、躯体疲乏评分及CFS总分均低于本组干预前和对照组患者,对照组患者躯体疲乏评分及CFS总分均低于本组干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,研究组患者HAMD、HAMA评分均低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论综合干预可以进一步改善患者的生活质量及心理状态,并减轻患者的癌因性疲乏程度。     

Effect of a 12-week integrative oncology intervention on gastro-intestinal concerns in patients with gynecological and breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Research on the long-term effects of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) is limited. In this study, we explore the impact of a CIM intervention on gastro-intestinal (GI)-related concerns in patients with breast/gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Patients reporting chemotherapy-related GI concerns were referred by their cancer care providers to a CIM consultation and treatments and assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks. The following tools were used: Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCAW) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). The intervention group was subdivided according to adherence to the integrative care program (AIC), defined as attending ≥4 CIM treatments with ≤30 days between each session. Controls chose not to undergo the CIM consultation or treatments. Of 289 patients reporting GI-related concerns, 42 were treated with CIM and optimally assessed (intervention arm; AIC = 33), as were 32 of controls. ESAS scores for appetite and nausea improved more significantly in the intervention group, more so in the AIC subgroup (appetite, p = 0.025; nausea, p = 0.033). MYCAW scores for GI-related concerns also improved in the intervention group, again more so in the adherent subgroup. EORTC scores improved more significantly with respect to global health (p = 0.021) and cognitive functioning (p = 0.031) in the intervention group, when compared to controls. The integration of a 12-week CIM intervention in conventional supportive cancer care may reduce nausea and improve appetite in patients with breast/gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.     

胃肠道肿瘤患者围化疗期营养状况的评价及对免疫功能的影响

目的:运用患者主观全面评价法(patient generated-subjective global assessment,PG-SGA)和营养风险筛查2002(nutrition risk screening 2002,NRS-2002)并结合实验室指标对围化疗期胃肠道肿瘤患者进行营养评价及免疫功能检测,观察营养不良及营养风险对相关临床指标的影响。方法:收集2012年2月至2014年2月期间于我院诊断为胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后待化疗患者80例,通过PG-SGA评分、NRS-2002评分、体格测量及实验室检测进行营养评价。检测T细胞亚群（CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+）。以PG-SGA评分作为营养评价指标,将80例化疗前患者分为A组（0-3分）、B组（4-8分）和C组（＞8分）,分别测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。其中资料完整的45例化疗患者于化疗6周期后重复上述内容,并观察化疗后并发症、平均住院时间。结果:PG-SGA评价结果为营养不良者占68.75%,NRS-2002评价结果营养不良者占42.50%。PG-SGA与NRS-2002分别与其他营养评价指标评价结果间均有显著相关性（P＜0.05）。随着营养不良评分的升高,CD4+和CD4+/CD8+均呈不同程度下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。PG-SGA评分与CD4+之间的相关系数r=－0.399(P＜0.01);PG-SGA与CD4+/CD8+之间的相关系数r=－0.655(P＜0.01)。胃肠道肿瘤患者化疗后营养不良发生率高于化疗前。化疗后与化疗前,CD4+/CD8+明显下降,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。化疗后营养不良组与营养良好组相比平均住院时间及并发症发生率显著增高（P＜0.05）。与无营养风险组相比,存在营养风险组的平均住院时间及并发症发生率显著增高（P＜0.05）。结论:联合运用PG-SGA、NRS-2002和实验室检测指标有助于提高肿瘤患者营养不良的诊断率。     

Illness perceptions and quality of life in Japanese and Dutch patients with non-small-cell lung cancer

This study examined quality of life (QOL) and illness perceptions in Dutch and Japanese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, thereby extending the body of knowledge on cultural differences and psychosocial aspects of this illness.24 Dutch and 22 Japanese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer filled out questionnaires on three occasions: immediately before chemotherapy, 1 week later, and 8 weeks after the initial chemotherapy. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) assessed QOL, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) illness perceptions.Scores on several QOL measures indicated (a) major impact of first chemotherapy sessions, and (b) some tendency to returning to baseline measures at 8 weeks. Differences between Japanese and Dutch samples were found on five EORTC QLQ-C30 dimensions: global health status, emotional functioning, social functioning, constipation, and financial difficulties, with the Dutch patients reporting more favorable scores. Regarding illness perceptions, Japanese patients had higher means on perceived treatment control and personal control, expressing a higher sense of belief in the success of medical treatment than Dutch patients.In both Japanese and Dutch patients, impact of chemotherapy on QOL was evident. Some differences in illness perceptions and QOL between the two samples were observed, with implications for integral medical management. Both samples reported illness perceptions that reflect the major consequences of non-small-cell lung cancer. Incorporating symptom reports, illness perceptions, and QOL into medical management may have positive consequences for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.     

人体成分指标对预测鼻咽癌患者营养不良初步探讨

目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者同步放化疗期间营养状况与生活质量相关性,以期探索人体成分中评价营养不良最合适指标。方法 采用前瞻性方法以2014-2015年在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科48例鼻咽癌患者作为研究对象。采用欧洲肠外肠内营养学会营养不良诊断共识及患者主观整体评估方法进行营养评估,并采用生物电阻抗法观察同步放化疗期间患者的人体成分变化;采用Pearson法相关分析研究营养状况与生活质量的相关性;采用Logistics回归分析预测鼻咽癌患者营养状况的影响因素。结果 同步放化疗期间随时间变化人体成分指标如体重、体重指数、脂肪组织指数、去脂组织指数、体细胞量、骨骼肌量及相位角均有不同程度下降,患者主观整体评估评分逐渐升高(P=0.00)。根据2015年欧洲肠外肠内营养学会营养不良诊断共识检出放疗期间鼻咽癌营养不良发生率为2.1%~39.6%,根据患者主观整体评估评分检出率为12.5%~41.7%,两种方法在放疗第4、6周的一致性较好(Kappa=0.911、0.957)。放疗期间去脂组织指数和体重变化值与生活质量评分变化值存在相关性(r=0.805,P=0.00)(r=0.777,P=0.00)。因素分析显示年龄、脂肪组织指数、去脂组织指数对营养状况有显著影响(P=0.035、0.013、0.043)。结论 鼻咽癌患者放化疗期间营养状况下降明显,营养状况与患者生活质量密切相关,建立营养状况预测模型可更为全面准确地判断患者营养状况。     

Validation of the Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in Thai Setting and Association with Nutritional Parameters in Cancer Patients

Background: The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a multidimensional toolto assess malnutrition and risk factors. The objectives of this study are to determine the validity of the Thai version ofthe Scored PG-SGA (Thai PG-SGA) and examine the correlations with selected nutritional parameters. Methods: Thisobservational analytic study included 195 cancer patients aged greater than 18 years at a university-affiliated hospital inBangkok, Thailand. All patients were assessed for nutritional status by Thai PG-SGA in comparison to subjective globalassessment (SGA). Anthropometry, body composition, and hand grip strength were evaluated. Results: According toPG-SGA global assessment categories, 39% (75) of 195 cancer patients were well nourished, 27% (53) were moderatelymalnourished and 34% (67) of patients were severely malnourished. Thai PG-SGA had a sensitivity of 99.1% and aspecificity of 86.0% at predicting SGA classification. PG-SGA numerical scores were significantly different betweenwell-nourished and malnourished groups (4.2 ± 2.4 Vs 16.3 ± 4.9; p < 0.001). The PG-SGA scores, nutritional statusassessed by PG-SGA, and nutritional status assessed by SGA were correlated with weight, % weight loss in one month,body mass index, body fat, and hand grip strength (p < 0.001) respectively. Conclusions: Thai PG-SGA showed highsensitivity and good specificity in predicting malnutrition in Thai cancer patients. This tool demonstrated the correlationswith anthropometric parameters, body composition, and muscle strength.     

Utilization of a Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment in Detecting a Malnourished Status in Gynecologic Cancer Patients

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition in gynecologic cancer patients using the Scored Patient- Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A total of 97 gynecologic cancer patients who never had any treatment but were planned for surgery were enrolled. The patients were asked to complete the scored PG-SGA form before the treatment was started. Attending physicians were also asked to complete other information in the PG-SGA form. Total scores were calculated and the patients were classified into 3 nutritional status levels. Results: Mean age was 54 years. Postoperative diagnoses were endometrial cancer in 42 cases (43.2%), ovarian cancer in 29 cases (29.9%), and cervical cancer in 26 cases (26.8%). Mean PG-SGA score was 5.24.7. Malnutrition (PG-SGA B and C) was found in 52 patients (53.6%, 95% CI 43.7% - 63.2%). Preoperative BMI, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and cancer stage were not significantly associated with nutritional status. Malnutrition was significantly more common among patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer, compared to other types of cancer (79.3% vs. 42.6%, p 0.004). Conclusions: Prevalence of malnutrition among gynecologic cancer patients was 53.5%, according to the scored PG-SGA. Malnutrition was significantly more common among patients with ovarian cancer.     

Effects of a Self-Monitoring Quality of Life Intervention in Outpatients with Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Report of A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: This preliminary report used data from a randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate the beneficial effects of a self-monitoring quality of life (SMQOL) intervention on communication, medical care and patient outcomes in Japanese women with breast cancer. Methods: This study compared a SMQOL intervention group with a control group that received usual care after 4 months on self-efficacy aspects of patient–physician communication among outpatients with breast cancer in Japan using the Perceived Efficacy in Patient–Physician Interactions (PEPPI) questionnaire. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups using permuted-block randomization. The intervention groups were asked to complete a paper-based quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaire in addition to the usual care provided in the control group. Analysis of covariance was used to assess the difference in PEPPI scores between the intervention and control groups. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed for outpatients with breast cancer accompanied by depression or anxiety. Results: In total, 232 patients were eligible for this study and randomized. Seven patients did not answer the PEPPI questionnaire at baseline after group allocation, leaving 225 patients for inclusion in the analyses. The modified intention-to-treat ITT analysis showed the SMQOL intervention had no significant effect on PEPPI total score (P = 0.226). We found a significant between-group difference in PEPPI total score in the anxiety group (P = 0.045), namely, the self-efficacy aspects of patient–physician communication of those with anxiety in the intervention group were better than for those in the control group after 4 months. Conclusion: Use of the SMQOL had beneficial effects on communication self-efficacy between patients and physicians for outpatients with breast cancer, those with anxiety.     

营养干预对食管癌同步放化疗疗效研究

目的 探讨营养干预治疗对食管癌同步放化疗患者疗效的影响。方法 前瞻性纳入2016-2017年安徽省肿瘤医院确诊为食管癌行放疗的患者46例,随机分为常规治疗组与营养干预组(各23例),观察两组患者放疗前后体重指数(BMI)、主观整体评估(PG-SGA)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(HB)、白细胞(WBC)等客观营养指标的变化及放疗不良反应发生率。结果 放疗前两组年龄、性别、BMI、ALB、PLT、临床分期等具有可比性(P>0.05);营养干预组放疗后BMI较放疗前改善(21.52±2.67、21.13±2.73,P=0.000);干预组放疗后PG-SGA评分较放疗前明显降低(P=0.000);常规组放疗后BMI、HB、ALB、PLT、WBC水平较放疗前明显下降,且PG-SGA评分较放疗前更差(P<0.05);此外,干预组患者出现3级骨髓抑制发生率显著降低(4.34%∶8.68%,P=0.000)。结论 食管癌放疗患者存在较高的营养风险,营养干预治疗可改善患者营养状况,降低放疗不良反应发生率,有可能提高患者生活质量,改善生存预后。     

Nutritional assessment and risk factors associated to malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in China. Patients with esophageal cancer are more likely to suffer from malnutrition. The purpose of this study is to assess nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer from multiple perspectives and analyze the risk factors. Methods: A total of 1482 esophageal cancer patients were enrolled in the study. We investigated the Scored Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) scores, NRS-2002 scores, Karnofsky performance status scores, anthropometric, and laboratory indicators of patients. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors of nutritional status. Results: PG-SGA (≥4) and NRS-2002 (≥3) showed the incidence of malnutrition were 76% and 50%, respectively. In the patients with PG-SGA score ≥4, the proportion of patients who did not receive any nutritional support was 60%. The incidence of malnutrition in females was significantly higher than that in males. Besides, abnormality rates of Red blood cell (P < 0.001), MAC (P = 0.037), and MAMC (P < 0.001) in males was significantly higher than that in females, while abnormality rates of TSF (P < 0.001) was lower than that in females. After adjusted with the other potential risk factors listed, unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated smoking (odds ratio: 2.868, 95% confidence interval: 1.660-4.954), drinking (OR: 1.726, 95% CI: 1.099-2.712), family history (OR: 1.840, 95% CI: 1.132-2.992), radiotherapy or chemotherapy (OR: 1.594, 95% CI: 1.065-2.387), and pathological stage (OR: 2.263, 95% CI: 1.084-4.726) might be the risk factors of nutritional status, while nutritional support can reduce the risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: Effective nutritional risk assessment methods and nutritional intervention measures can be adopted according to the research data to improve quality of life of esophageal cancer patients.     

Role of a Medical Social Worker in Improving Quality of Life for Patients with Advanced Cancer with a Structured Multidisciplinary Intervention

Abstract

Background: Patients with advanced cancer face multiple challenges to their quality of life (QOL). The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of participation in a multidisciplinary intervention, including a social service component, on improving the QOL of patients with advanced cancer undergoing radiation therapy.

Design: A total of 115 participants with newly diagnosed advanced stage cancer, who were receiving radiation therapy, were randomly assigned to either participate in an 8-session structured multidisciplinary intervention or to receive standard care. Each 90-minute session was led by either a psychologist or psychiatrist and co-led with a nurse, physical therapist, chaplain, and/or social worker. The sessions were designed to address the domains that impact QOL: emotional, spiritual, physical, and social domains (support, community resources, financial and legal issues, and advance directives). QOL was assessed, at baseline, 4 (end of treatment), 8 and 27 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall QOL assessed on a 0–100 scale at Week 4.

Results: A total of 115 patients were enrolled from October 2, 2000 to October 28, 2002. Overall QOL at Week 4 averaged 10 points higher in the intervention group than in the control group (80 vs. 70 points, p =0.047) which was an increase of 3% from baseline in the intervention group versus a decrease of 9% in the control group (p =0.009). Of the subscores reflecting patient's opinion regarding their QOL, there was improvement in all social domains which contributed to the overall improvement in QOL. Significant changes from baseline to Week 4 scores were seen in the areas of financial concerns (p =0.025) and legal issues (p =0.048).

Conclusions: A social work component within a structured multi-disciplinary intervention results in significant advantages in the social domain of QOL, and contributes to clinically meaningful improvements in the overall QOL for patients with advanced cancer undergoing active medical treatment. Numerous studies have documented the financial burdens and social changes that may occur with the diagnosis of cancer. However, previous research has not examined the role of a social worker in providing financial, social, and legal education, in a structured multidisciplinary intervention, and its direct impact on QOL. Outlined in this paper is the role of the medical social worker in a clinical trial, how education was provided and strategies for future interventions.