复方甘草酸苷制剂对脂多糖诱导小鼠RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子的调节作用

目的:研究复方甘草酸苷片剂和注射剂对脂多糖诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7分泌炎症因子的调节作用。方法:采用脂多糖诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RWA264.7,建立体外炎症模型。取复方甘草酸苷片剂和注射剂,制备供试药液。分别通过,MTT、Griess和双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA等实验,测定在不同浓度的供试药液作用下RAW264.7细胞活力以及经脂多糖诱导后的RAW264.7细胞的一氧化氮、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α及白介素IL-1β、-6和-10等炎症因子分泌量的变化。结果:复方甘草酸苷的2种制剂药液在0～300μmol.L-1浓度范围内对RAW264.7细胞活力无影响。复方甘草酸苷注射剂药液在75、150和300μmol.L-1浓度下对经脂多糖处理的RAW264.7细胞的一氧化氮分泌抑制率分别为13.8%、40.4%和53.8%,并致细胞的TNF-α分泌量降低29.8%、41.5%和52.1%,IL-1β分泌量降低39.5%、55.6%和69.6%,IL-6分泌量降低18.3%、29.5%和39.1%,但IL-10分泌量却提高了8.2%、23.8%和30.8%;而复方甘草酸苷片药液在相同浓度下对同样细胞的一氧化氮分泌抑制率分别为9.8%、27.1%和37.8%,致细胞的TNF-α分泌量降低16.6%、37.0%和48.4%,IL-1β分泌量降低28.1%、47.9%和57.9%,IL-6分泌量降低13.5%、19.9%和28.2%,IL-10分泌量提高了3.9%、14.8%和23.4%。复方甘草酸苷的2种制剂对细胞分泌炎症因子的调节作用与阳性对照药地塞米松相似,其中注射剂的作用强于片剂。结论:复方甘草酸苷可剂量依赖性地显著抑制脂多糖诱导小鼠RAW 264.7细胞产生促炎因子一氧化氮、TNF-α及IL-1β和-6并促进抗炎因子IL-10的表达,这可能为其抗炎作用机制。     

三七总皂苷调节iNOS-NO-NF-κB信号通路抑制LPS诱导的RAW246.7细胞炎症研究

目的 探讨三七总皂苷（PNS）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的RAW264.7细胞iNOS-NO-NF-κB信号通路相关分子表达及活性的影响。方法 MTT比色法检测PNS对RAW264.7细胞增殖的抑制作用;不同浓度PNS（25、50、100 μg/mL）干预体外培养LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞24、48 h后,Griess法检测NO变化;PNS干预24 h后,Western blotting检测iNOS、NF-κB、p-NF-κB、IKKα、p-IKKα、p-ΙκΒα蛋白表达量的变化;PNS干预4 h后,激光共聚焦显微镜检测NF-κB转位入核情况。结果 PNS浓度大于150 μg/mL时,才表现出显著抑制细胞增殖的作用。25、50、100 μg/mL PNS作用于RAW264.7细胞24和48 h后,与模型组比较,NO生成量均显著降低（P<0.001）。50、100 μg/mL PNS作用于RAW264.7 24 h后,iNOS、NF-κB蛋白表达量显著降低,磷酸化蛋白p-NF-κB、p-IKKα、p-ΙκΒα表达水平也显著降低（P<0.01、0.001）。与模型组比较,PNS 25、50、100 μg/mL组核因子p65入核荧光强度显著降低（P<0.01、0.001）。结论 PNS能够显著抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞iNOS-NO-NF-κB信号通路的活性,降低细胞炎症反应。     

青蒿乙素对脂多糖诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症反应的抑制及机制

目的 探讨青蒿乙素的抗炎活性及其作用机制.方法 采用细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7建立炎症反应模型,经青蒿乙素处理后,采用Griess试剂检测NO的含量;采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测促炎症因子的水平;采用Western Blot检测炎症相关蛋白及激酶的表达水平.结果 青蒿乙素能明显抑制RA...     

穿心莲内酯对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的抑制作用

目的探讨穿心莲内酯对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及其作用机制。方法采用噻唑蓝比色(MTT)法分析穿心莲内酯对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响。通过脂多糖处理RAW264.7细胞24 h建立细胞炎症模型,造模前1 h用穿心莲内酯2.5、5、10、20μmol/L预处理。荧光定量PCR法检测RAW264.7细胞内相关抗氧化应激酶基因和i NOS水平。穿心莲内酯单独处理RAW264.7细胞24 h,Western blotting法检测Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白和Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平。免疫荧光检测转录因子Nrf2在胞质及核内的分布情况。结果与对照组比较,穿心莲内酯剂量相关性地抑制RAW264.7细胞活力,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05、0.01、0.001)。穿心莲内酯显著抑制脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞的i NOS水平(P0.001),增加相关抗氧化酶基因HO-1、NQO1 m RNA水平。穿心莲内酯抑制Keap1表达,增加Nrf2和HO-1蛋白水平的表达。结论穿心莲内酯可抑制脂多糖诱导的炎症反应,其作用机制可能与激活Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路从而调控抗氧化酶HO-1、NQO1 m RNA表达水平相关。     

知母皂苷通过调节NF-κB-iNOS-NO信号通路抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞功能

目的研究知母皂苷(SAaB)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞功能的影响,以及对NF-κB-诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)-NO信号通路的调节。方法以LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞构建体外炎症细胞模型,采用Griess法和ELISA法分别检测SAaB干预下,RAW264.7炎症细胞中的NO、iNOS、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)的含量;Western blot检测RAW264.7细胞NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平。结果 RAW264.7细胞在LPS(10 mg·L~(-1))诱导下,NO、iNOS、TNF-α、IL-6的含量以及NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平与正常对照组比较均明显增高。SAaB(0.3、3、30 mg·L~(-1))可明显降低RAW264.7炎症细胞中NO、iNOS、TNF-α和IL-6的含量(P<0.01),且明显下调NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平(P<0.01)。结论 SAaB可通过调节NF-κB-iNOS-NO信号通路,抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞功能。     

苹果多糖的制备及对脂多糖诱导RAW 264.7细胞凋亡的影响

摘 要 目的：观察苹果多糖（AP）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导RAW 264.7细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法: 采用水提醇沉法从苹果果渣中提取苹果多糖,并测定其糖含量和分子量。采用流式细胞仪考察AP对LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞凋亡的作用。采用Western Blot法考察AP对LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞中Bcl 2、Bax蛋白表达的影响。结果: 经水提醇沉法提取纯化得到苹果多糖的糖含量为91.3%,重均分子量为184613 Da。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞凋亡明显高于正常对照组（P<0.01）;与LPS组比较,浓度为0.5 mg·mL^-1的AP作用72 h后RAW 264.7细胞凋亡率显著降低（P<0.01）,浓度为1.0 mg·mL^-1的AP作用48,72 h后RAW 264.7细胞凋亡率显著降低（P<0.01）。Western Blot检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞中的Bcl 2蛋白在48,72 h表达明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）;与LPS组比较,浓度为1 mg·mL^-1的AP作用后,升高了LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞Bcl 2蛋白的表达,降低其Bax蛋白的表达,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论:AP抑制LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞凋亡,其机制可能是通过提高RAW 264.7细胞中Bcl 2蛋白的表达,降低其Bax蛋白表达。     

人参茎叶总皂苷中人参皂苷Re的含量分析

目的：分析人参茎叶总皂苷中人参皂苷R。的含量,为人参总皂苷的质量控制提供依据。方法：色谱柱：Diamonsil C18（4．6mm×25mm,5μm）,保护柱：DIKMAEasyGuardC18（10mm×4．6mm）,流动相：乙腈-0．5％冰醋酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速：1．25mL／min;EISD：漂移管温度40℃,载气压力3．5bar,放大系数为7。结果：标准曲线：C=1．191×10^-7A-0．1876,线性范围：0．038～1．14mg／mL,r=0．9993,检出限：20ng（S／N〉3）,加样回收率：96．84％～104．21％。结论：该方法前处理简单,分析准确、快速,可作为人参茎叶总皂苷中人参皂苷Re的含量分析方法。     

UPLC法测定人参总皂苷提取物中7种人参皂苷的含量

目的建立一种同时测定人参总皂苷提取物中7种人参皂苷的超高效液相色谱分析方法,该方法对人参提取物的质量评价更准确、更快捷。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm);乙腈-水为流动相;检测波长:203nm;流速:0.4mL·min~(-1);测定人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rc和人参皂苷Rd的含量。结果测定的各色谱峰均能达到基线分离、分离度大于1.5,7种人参皂苷在各自的范围内有良好的线性关系,且RSD值符合要求。结论 UPLC能代替HPLC测定人参皂苷的含量,该方法灵敏、简单、准确、重复性好。     

竹节参齐墩果烷皂苷对RAW264.7巨噬细胞SIRT1活性影响及抗炎作用研究

目的探讨竹节参齐墩果烷皂苷(chikusetsu oleanane saponin,COS)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞的SIRT1活性影响及抗炎作用。方法Griess法测定一氧化氮(NO)释放量;免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1β)蛋白表达;免疫荧光分析COS对细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)和沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator1,SIRT1)核转运的作用。结果 COS在25~300 mg·L~(-1)与1 mg·L~(-1)LPS共培养时,对RAW264.7细胞生长无明显影响;与LPS组相比,COS能有效抑制NO释放和抑制TNF-α、IL-1β的分泌;还能抑制NF-κB的核移位,上调SIRT1的表达。结论 COS对LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞炎症具有保护作用,其保护机制可能是COS上调SIRT1表达,促进NF-κB去乙酰化作用,从而抑制NF-κB的核移位,减少TNF-α、IL-1β等炎症因子的产生。     

芦荟大黄素对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO生成及iNOS表达的影响

目的观察芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮(NO)生成及诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA表达的作用。方法采用LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞株建立细胞炎症反应模型。采用Griess试剂法测定NO释放量;采用硝普钠释放NO法测定NO自由基含量的变化;采用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分析iNOS mRNA表达改变。结果芦荟大黄素在0.69～2.50mg·L-1剂量范围内可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO的释放,并呈剂量和时间依赖关系;芦荟大黄素在0.63～5.00mg·L-1剂量范围内可下调LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞iNOS mRNA含量;而此范围内芦荟大黄素无直接清除NO自由基作用,不影响iNOS活性。结论芦荟大黄素可明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO释放,呈时间和剂量依赖关系,此作用并非通过捕捉NO或抑制iNOS活性来实现,而是通过抑制iNOS mRNA表达发挥作用的。     

氧化还原蛋白1对RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的刺激作用

目的 研究过氧化还原蛋白1(PORD1)对RAW264.7细胞炎性介质一氧化氮(NO)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)释放量的影响.方法 用MTT法检测重组蛋白PORD1对RAW264.7细胞的毒性,一步法检测RAW264.7细胞上清液中NO的含量;ELISA法检测RAW264.7细胞上清中TNFα的含量.结果 与空白组比较,50 nmol· L-1PORD1对细胞有显著毒性,20、10、5 nmol·L-1均无细胞毒性;PORD1可以诱导RAW264.7细胞中NO和TNFα大量表达.结论 外源性重组蛋白PORD1可以促进炎症反应的发生,其机制可能与增强炎症介质的释放有关.     

Paeoniflorin protects RAW 264.7 macrophages from LPS-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity

LPS is one of the major constituents of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS-induced activation of macrophage results in the nitrite (NO) production and the secretion of a pro-inflammatory mediator such as PGE₂. Excessive NO reacts with the superoxide anion to generate a selective oxidant and nitrating agent, peroxynitrite, which interacts with biological molecules and damages the cell membranes of them, being able to result in the cell death. We evaluated the protective effects of paeoniflorin (PF) against LPS-induced toxicity by measuring its dose-dependent effects on cell viability in MTT assay, NO production in NO assay, PGE₂ production in prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) assay, and DNA damage in comet assay in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In the comet assay, we also analyzed tail length, tail DNA, and tail moment as the markers of DNA strand breaks. PF-treatment significantly protected RAW 264.7 macrophages against LPS-induced toxicity with the increase of viable cells, the decrease of NO and PGE₂, and the repair of DNA damage.     

Boehmeria nivea attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory markers by inhibiting p38 and JNK phosphorylations in RAW264.7 macrophages

Abstract

Context: Boehmeria nivea (Linn.) Gaudich (Urticaceae), a natural herb, has a long history of treating several diseases including wound healing. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of B. nivea has not been investigated.

Objective: We investigated whether the 70% ethanol extract of B. nivea (Ebn) can exert anti-inflammatory activity. Several phenolic compounds of extracts were determined to provide further information on the correlation between anti-inflammatory effects and phenolic compounds.

Materials and methods: We prepared a 70% ethanol extract of B. nivea leaves and evaluated its anti-inflammatory activity (200, 400, 800, 1200?µg/mL) by measuring the secretions of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The total phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method and major compounds were determined by HPLC.

Results: Ebn was able to abolish the LPS-induced secretions of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. It also decreased the protein levels (IC₅₀?=?186?µg/mL) of LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The LPS stimulated p38, JNK and ERK phosphorylations significantly more than the controls. Surprisingly, although Ebn reduced p38 and JNK phosphorylations, it did not influence ERK phosphorylation. We found that Ebn revealed several major compounds such as chlorogenic acid (1.96?mg/100?g), rutin (46.48?mg/100?g), luteolin-7-glucoside (11.29?mg/100?g), naringin (1.13?mg/100?g), hesperidin (23.69?mg/100?g) and tangeretin (1.59?mg/100?g).

Discussion and conclusion: Boehmeria nivea exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages by inhibiting p38 and JNK, suggesting that it may be used as a functional ingredient against inflammation.     

Total flavonoids of Epimedium ameliorates testicular damage in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress

Testicular damage is the anomaly that will often accompany diabetes mellitus. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role that total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) played against streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic testicular dysfunction and to elucidate the mechanism of action. The diabetic rat model was induced by vein injection of STZ in healthy rats. Thirty male healthy Spraque‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into following groups: the control group, the diabetic group, and the diabetic + TFE group. Gastrointestinal administration begins at fifth week of TFE for 6 weeks. After TFE administration, all animals were euthanized. Testicular tissue samples and blood samples of rats were collected for histopathological examination and for determination of levels of various biomarkers including blood glucose, testosterone, testicular enzymes, and oxidative stress indicators. All testes were weighted to calculate the testicular organ index. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining was used for observing the testis and epididymis pathological changes. Protein expression (monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, transforming growth factor‐beta‐1, interleukin‐6, and 3‐beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot techniques. There was a significant difference in the changes between the diabetes group and the control group. As a result of treat with TFE, the blood glucose decreased but there was no significant difference, and other indicators showed significant improvement. TFE may protect against STZ‐induced testicular injury by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.     

Limonoid constituents of Euodia rutaecarpa var. bodinieri and their inhibition on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages

A new limonoid compound, named evorubodinin (1), was isolated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang (family Rutaceae), together with two known limonoid compounds, limonin (2) and evolimorutanin (3). The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic method and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds 1–3 and the structurally related compounds evodol (4), shihulimonin A1 (5), evodirutaenin (6), 12α-hydroxyrutaevin (7), and rutaevin (8) on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages were also assayed. All compounds 1–8 showed the inhibitory activity, in which both 7 and 8 with the uncommon 5β-H configuration more efficiently inhibited NO production. The results provided valuable information for further investigation of compounds 1–8 as anti-inflammatory agents or lead compounds.     

染料木素通过TIPE 2负性调控Akt活性促进脂多糖活化的巨噬细胞凋亡

目的探究染料木素(genistein,GEN)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的药理学作用机制。方法GEN预孵育RAW264.7细胞或慢病毒介导的肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白8样分子2(tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2,TIPE 2)过表达细胞2 h,再与LPS共孵育24 h,采用CCK 8试剂盒检测细胞活力,Annexin V-FITC/PI试剂盒检测细胞凋亡水平,qRT-PCR检测TNF-α、IL-6、caspase-8、caspase-3和TIPE 2 mRNA,Western blot检测iNOS、COX-2、caspase-8、caspase-3、TIPE 2、Akt和p-Akt蛋白表达。结果LPS促进RAW264.7细胞TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS、COX-2合成;GEN抑制LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞活力,凋亡细胞增多,并上调caspase-8、caspase-3、TIPE 2 mRNA及蛋白表达;TIPE 2过表达上调活化RAW264.7细胞caspase-8、caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白表达,减少Akt磷酸化,且与GEN具有协同作用。结论GEN可能通过上调TIPE 2抑制Akt活性,激活外源性凋亡途径,促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡。