重庆地区无偿献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的特征

目的了解重庆地区无偿献血人群中隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(occult hepatitis B virus infection,OBI)情况,分析其血清学和病毒学特征。方法应用酶联免疫法(筛查HBs Ag、抗-HCV、抗-HIV)及核酸检测(nucleic acid testing,NAT)法(筛查HBV、HCV、HIV)筛查重庆地区93 625份初筛合格的无偿献血者血液标本。对其中HBs Ag(-)但HBV DNA(﹢)的标本进行抗-HBs、抗-HBc、HBe Ag、抗-HBe 4项血清学标志物测定,进一步对抗-HBc(﹢)标本做病毒载量测定以及基因分型。结果 93 625份标本中HBs Ag(-)但HBV DNA(﹢)的检出率为0.097%(91/93 625)。91份阳性标本中79份为抗-HBc(﹢),检出率为0.084%(79/93 625)。该部分标本阳性者被视为OBI献血者。OBI献血者的血清学特征可以分为4种模式:单抗-HBc(﹢)、抗-HBc(﹢)/抗-HBs(﹢)、抗-HBc(﹢)/抗-HBe(﹢)以及抗-HBc(﹢)/抗-HBs(﹢)/抗-HBe(﹢)。病毒载量为0~1056.8IU/ml(中位数为108.6 IU/ml),基因型以B型为主。结论重庆地区无偿献血者中OBI检出率较高,其血清学和病毒学特征具有地区性。NAT能提高OBI检出的灵敏度,但也存在一定的假阳性,对血液安全具有重要影响。     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染

大量研究通过对肝组织和血清乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）DNA或转录体的检测，证实隐匿性HBV感染是所谓“隐源性肝炎”及其它慢性肝病的常见病因。现就其发生率、形成机制、临床意义、诊断、治疗等方面作一综述。     

唐山地区献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染分析

目的了解唐山地区无偿献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎感染情况。方法用ELISA法检测无偿献血者的乙型肝炎血清标志物,对于HBsAg阴性样本,进行HBV核酸检测（NAT）,NAT阳性样本,用罗氏试剂确证HBV DNA载量。结果共检测116 741例血样,证实隐匿性乙型肝炎感染者35例,占总献血人数的0.29‰。其中97.1%隐匿性乙型肝炎感染者样本的HBV DNA滴度低于102IU/ml。在HBV DNA阳性人群中,抗-HBc阳性率较高,占81.5%,抗-HBs阳性或乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物全阴性也可检出HBV DNA分别占55.6%和22.9%。结论唐山地区献血人群中血清HBsAg阴性者存在一定比例的隐匿性HBV感染,其HBV病毒载量均较低,核酸检测能够提高HBV感染的检出率。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者家族隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的调查

目的 了解慢性HBV感染者家族隐匿性HBV感染的发生率及其与HBV标志物、年龄和性别等的关系.方法 ELISA方法检测慢性HBV感染者家族成员的HBV血清学标志物,套式PCR法检测136例HBsAg阴性家族成员的血清HBV DNA,并将隐匿性HBV感染者和HBsAg、HBV DNA均阴性者分别作为试验组和对照组进行HBV标志物、年龄、性别和生物化学检测结果的比较.两组均数比较采用t检验.率的比较采用χ~2检验或Fisher确切概率法检验.结果 在52个慢性HBV感染者家族中共检测到92例HBsAg阳性者和136例HBsAg阴性者,其中15例为隐匿性HBV感染者,慢性HBV感染者家族HBsAg阳性率和隐匿性HBV感染的发生率分别为40.4%和11.0%,15例隐匿性HBV感染者中有7例抗-HBc阳性(χ~2=5.341,P=0.02),但隐匿性HBV感染的存在与年龄、性别等无关.结论 HBV感染存在家庭聚集现象,且在其家族中存在隐匿性HBV感染,并在抗-HBc阳性者中发生率较高.     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的检测及临床特点分析

研究不明原因性肝炎患者中隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的巢式聚合酶链式反应（PCR）检测及HBV隐匿性感染的临床特点。不明原因性肝炎患者104例,收集临床资料及血清。HBV基因组S、X、C区分别设计2套巢式引物,比较扩增效率,挑选扩增效率高的引物巢式PCR扩增,检测出隐匿性HBV感染者。隐匿性HBV感染者与其它不明原因肝病患者易感因素、临床症状、体征、生化检查、影像学检查等方面比较分析。检测出隐匿性HBV感染13例。隐匿性HBV感染者较其它不明原因肝病患者年龄大,多为中老年患者,并且肝硬化比例明显高于后者。本组不明原因性肝炎患者中约有12.5%为隐匿性HBV感染。HBV隐匿性感染导致肝脏炎症,甚至肝硬化。     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染

随着分子生物学技术在病毒检测技术中的应用,近年来发现部分复制水平较低的乙型肝炎病毒携带者血清中检测不到HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）,这种感染状态可发生于抗-HBs或抗-HBc阳性的患者,也可见于HBV标志物全阴性的患者;部分HBsAg阴转的急性或慢性乙肝患者,其血清中仍可检测出低水平HBVDNA或肝组织中检测出HBsAg或HBcAg,这种患者被称为HBV隐匿感染。     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的研究进展

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(occult HBV infection, OBI)是公共健康的一大难题,也是全球临床医学面临的挑战。由于目前检测方法以及临床实际问题的限制,不同研究中对于OBI的定义也不同。OBI的存在会影响临床诊断和输血安全,且OBI在临床高危人群中有再激活的风险,可能会导致肝硬化、肝癌和肝衰竭等终末期肝病。本文就近年OBI定义和不同人群流行率、OBI发生机制以及临床意义等研究进展进行综述。     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染与输血安全

随着分子生物学技术的发展，特别是聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测灵敏度不断提高，近年来可发现部分HBsAg阴性人群血清中可检出低水平的HBV-DNA，这种复制水平较低的HBV感染状态可见于抗-HBs或抗-HBc阳性的患者，也可见于HBV血清标志物全阴的患者；在部分HBsAg阴转的急性或慢性乙肝患者的血清中仍可检测出低水平的HBV-DNA，     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染是最主要的病毒性感染之一。多数感染可无临床症状，依赖于血清病毒标志物(HBVM)检测可明确诊断，其中血清乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性是HBV感染的重要依据。而HBsAg的阴转及抗．HBs的出现一直认为是HBV清除和临床痊愈的标志。而近年来，随着分子生物学技术在病毒     

采用高敏检测技术检测血清HBV DNA载量筛选低病毒血症的无偿献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染研究

目的 探讨采用高敏检测技术检测血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA筛选低病毒血症(LLV)的无偿献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(OBI)的价值。方法 2017年2月～2021年12月我市收集的11352份血清HBsAg阴性的无偿献血人群血液标本,采用电化学发光法定性检测血清HBeAg、HBeAb和HBcAb),定量检测血清HBsAb,使用AU5800型全自动生化分析仪检测血生化指标,使用ABI ViiA7型荧光定量PCR扩增仪,采用高敏PCR法检测血清HBV DNA载量,对所有经高敏PCR法检测为HBV DNA阳性的血清再使用Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan全自动核酸定量检测系统复核。结果 以全自动核酸定量检测系统检测结果为金标准,发现高敏PCR检测为HCV DNA阳性的67例(0.59%)为LLV人群,结果显示,该方法诊断OBI人群LLV的灵敏度和特异度均为100.0%和100.0%;金标准方法与高敏PCR检测血清HCV DNA载量差异无统计学意义【(110.7±20.2)IU/ml对(108.2±19.6)IU/ml,P>0.05】;经高敏PCR法检验发现...     

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) is characterized by the persistence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue in individuals negative for the HBV surface antigen.The prevalence of OBI is quite variable depending on the level of endemic disease in different parts of the world,the different assays utilized in the studies,and the different populations studied.Many studies have been carried out on OBI prevalence in different areas of the world and categories of individuals.The studies show that OBI prevalence...     

An overview of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI), alternatively defined as occult hepatitis B (OHB), is a challenging clinical entity. It is recognized by two main characteristics: absence of HBsAg, and low viral replication. The previous two decades have witnessed a remarkable progress in our understanding of OBI and its clinical implications. Appropriate diagnostic techniques must be adopted. Sensitive HBV DNA amplification assay is the gold standard assay for detection of OBI. Viral as well as host factors...     

Diagnostic strategy for occult hepatitis B virus infection

In 2008,the European Association for the study of the liver(EASL) defined occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) as thepresence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in the liver(with detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in the serum) of individuals testing hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) negative by currently available assays.Several aspects of occult HBV infection are still poorly understood,including the definition itself and a standardized approach for laboratory-based detection,which is the purpose of this ...     

Genetic variation of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) surface antigen(HBs Ag) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI may be related mainly to mutations in the HBV genome, although the underlying mechanism of it remains to be clarified. Mutations especially within the immunodominant "α" determinant of S protein are "hot spots" that could contribute to the occurrence of OBI via affecting antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBs Ag or replication and secretion of virion. Clinical reports account for a large proportion of previous studies on OBI, while functional analyses, especially those based on full-length HBV genome, are rare.     

献血员隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的分子流行病学

目的 了解献血员中隐匿性HBV感染的发生率,从S基因变异角度探讨隐匿性HBV感染可能的分子机制.方法 收集经血站筛查HBsAg阴性的合格献血员血浆594份,ELISA法检测HBV血清学标志物,套式PCR检测血清HBV DNA.对筛查出的隐匿性HBV感染者再次用雅培试剂定量检测HBV血清学标志物,并对其S区进行测序,发现可能与HBV隐匿性感染有关的变异位点.随机收集11例HBsAg阳性的HBV感染者作为阳性对照,对其S区进行测序,比较其与隐匿性HBV感染之间的关系.结果 在594例献血员中有15例为隐匿性HBV感染,隐匿性HBV感染的发生率为2.5％.未发现HBV血清学标志物检测结果与隐匿性HBV感染有相关性.15例隐匿性HBV感染者中有10例进行了S区测序,结果HBV均有不同程度的变异,其中3例在“a”决定簇内出现氨基酸突变,分别为1126T(1例)、T140I(2例).与隐匿性HBV感染者相比,阳性对照在“a”决定簇内仅出现了1例T131N变异.结论 常规检测HBsAg阴性的献血员中存在隐匿性HBV感染,且这些病毒可能存在变异.     

Clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection in immunosuppressed patients

Occult hepatitis B infection(OBI), is characterized by low level hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in circulating blood and/or liver tissue. In clinical practice the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-/anti-HBs-negative subjects is considered indicative of OBI. OBI is mostly observed in the window period of acute HBV infection in blood donors and in recipients of blood and blood products, in hepatitis C virus chronic carriers, in patients under pharmacological immunosuppression, and in those with immunodepression due to HIV infection or cancer. Reactivation of OBI mostly occurs in anti-HIV-positive subjects, in patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy in onco-hematological settings, in patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in those treated with anti-CD20 or anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, or anti-tumor necrosis factors antibody for rheumatological diseases, or chemotherapy for solid tumors. Under these conditions the mortality rate for hepatic failure or progression of the underlying disease due to discontinuation of specific treatment can reach 20%. For patients with OBI, prophylaxis with nucleot(s)ide analogues should be based on the HBV serological markers, the underlying diseases and the type of immunosuppressive treatment. Lamivudine prophylaxis is indicated in hemopoietic stem cell transplantation and in onco-hematological diseases when high dose corticosteroids and rituximab are used; monitoring may be indicated when rituximab-sparing schedules are used, but early treatment should be applied as soon as HBsAg becomes detectable. This review article presents an up-to-date evaluation of the current knowledge on OBI.     

Anti-HBc screening in Indian blood donors：Still an unresolved issue

AIM：To study the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen （anti-HBc） in healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg and to evaluate whether anti-HBc detection could be adopted in India as a screening assay for HBV in addition to HBsAg. METHODS： A total of 1700 serum samples collected from HBsAg-negative healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-HBc antibody （IgM ＋ IgG）. All samples reactive for anti-HBc antibody were then investigated for presence of anti-HBs and for liver function tests （LFTs）. One hundred serum samples reactive for anti-HBc were tested for HBV DNA by PCR method. RESULTS： Out of 1700 samples tested, 142 （8.4%） blood samples were found to be reactive for anti-HBc. It was signif icantly lower in voluntary （6.9%） as compared to replacement donors （10.4%, P = 0.011）. Seventy- two （50.7%） anti-HBc reactive samples were also reactive for anti-HBs with levels 〉 10 mIU/mL and 70 （49.3%） samples were non-reactive for anti-HBs, these units were labeled as anti-HBc-only. These 142 anti-HBc reactive units were also tested for liver function test. HBV DNA was detected in only 1 of 100 samples tested. CONCLUSION： Keeping in view that 8%-18% of donor population in India is anti-HBc reactive, inclusion of anti- HBc testing will lead to high discard rate. Anti-HBs as proposed previously does not seem to predict clearance of the virus. Cost effectiveness of introducing universalanti-HBc screening and discarding large number of blood units versus considering ID NAT （Individual donor nuclic acid testing） needs to be assessed.     

Long-term clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis B patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Long-term clinical outcomes of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied. METHODS: Fifteen chronic hepatitis B patients were monitored for a median of 4.4 years (range 0.9-15.3) after hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance. Serum HBV DNA was measured by real-time detection polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen patients underwent liver biopsies at the end of follow-up and liver histology was evaluated by Ishak score. Liver HBV DNA was also measured for 12 patients. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, HBV viremia was absent in 13 (87%) patients, and antibody titers to hepatitis B core antigen showed an inverse correlation with time from HBsAg seroclearance (r=-0.554; P=0.0040). However, all patients retained liver HBV DNA and tested positive for the covalently closed circular HBV DNA replicative intermediate. The hepatic HBV DNA loads had no relation to liver histology. Paired biopsies from 11 patients disclosed that each necroinflammatory score significantly improved after HBsAg seroclearance. Amelioration of liver fibrosis was also evident in eight (73%) patients (P=0.0391 by signed rank test). CONCLUSIONS: A long-standing but strongly suppressed HBV infection may confer histological amelioration after HBsAg seroclearance.