《中小学生屈光不正筛查规范》解读

<正>教育部、国家卫生健康委等八部门印发的《综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案》中要求,医疗卫生机构在学校配合下,认真开展中小学生视力筛查,将眼部健康数据及时更新到视力健康电子档案中。为规范化开展儿童青少年近视屈光不正筛查工作,促进近视等屈光不正的群体性防控,提高我国儿童青少年眼健康水平,国家卫生健康委委托上海市眼病防治中心、北京大学儿童青少年卫生研     

借力国家政策促进儿童青少年视力健康

党中央、国务院对儿童青少年健康特别是视力健康高度重视,教育部门和学校切实把儿童青少年视力健康提上重要议程.该文阐明了当前我国儿童青少年近视呈低龄化趋势,促进儿童青少年视力健康的迫切性.并提出以《综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案》为契机,全面推进健康促进工作,从而有效改善儿童青少年视力不良状况.     

预防孩子近视 家长应该这样做

我国儿童青少年近视问题一直备受社会关注,近年来呈高发、低龄化趋势,严重影响孩子们的身心健康。受疫情影响,儿童青少年户外活动减少、电子产品使用增多等诸多原因,又给儿童青少年健康用眼和防控工作带来了新挑战。在目前的医疗技术条件下,近视是不可逆的,已确诊为近视的儿童青少年除少部分是由于屈光间质的曲率异常造成。     

全面加强儿童青少年近视防控和视力健康管理

党中央、国务院对青少年健康特别是视力健康高度重视,教育部门和学校切实把儿童青少年视力健康管理提上重要议程.该文阐明了当前我国儿童青少年近视防控和视力健康管理工作面临的形势,以及儿童青少年近视形成的主要原因.介绍了近年来教育部推动儿童青少年近视防控和视力健康管理开展的主要工作.并在此基础上提出下一步全面加强儿童青少年近视防控工作的重点任务,充分发挥卫生健康部门专业优势和教育部门的组织优势,从而更加有效地达到改善儿童青少年视力不良状况的目的.     

儿童青少年近视形成影响因素及防控研究进展

近视是发生率很高的屈光不正。近年来,近视眼的发病率在我国儿童青少年中逐渐升高,而且发病年龄越来越低,成为一种危害儿童青少年眼健康的主要疾病,已引起老师、家长和社会的关注和重视。研究影响儿童青少年近视形成的影响因素,对预防、干预儿童青少年近视的形成具有重要意义。本文从遗传因素、环境因素、不良行为习惯、营养体质因素几方面综述儿童青少年近视形成的影响因素及防控措施。     

低能量红光在儿童青少年近视弱视中的应用

近视与弱视是威胁儿童青少年眼健康的重要疾病，红光用于弱视治疗已有几十年历史，近年来逐渐应用于儿童青少年近视防控，成为新热点。通过从低能量红光治疗的干预方式、治疗效果、影响因素、可能机制及安全性方面阐述其在儿童青少年近视弱视中的应用，以期为下一步研究与实践提供参考。     

儿童青少年主要健康问题和研究热点

2020年全国儿童青少年/学校卫生学术年会聚焦了传染病对儿童青少年带来的影响、青少年性与生殖健康、健康危险行为与慢性非传染性疾病防控、青少年近视与心理健康等儿童青少年/学校卫生主要问题,讨论了健康项目中青少年参与儿童青少年肥胖准确判定、高血压风险因素、心血管疾病风险等研究热点,并促进了学术交流,对儿童少年卫生学/学校卫生学学科发展、人才培养具有重要意义.     

综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案

儿童青少年是祖国的未来和民族的希望.近年来,由于中小学生课内外负担加重,手机、电脑等带电子屏幕产品(以下简称电子产品)的普及,用眼过度、用眼不卫生、缺乏体育锻炼和户外活动等因素,我国儿童青少年近视率居高不下、不断攀升,近视低龄化、重度化日益严重,已成为一个关系国家和民族未来的大问题.防控儿童青少年近视需要政府、学校、医疗卫生机构、家庭、学生等各方面共同努力,需要全社会行动起来,共同呵护好孩子的眼睛.为综合防控儿童青少年近视,经国务院同意,现提出以下实施方案.     

综合评估儿童行为模式提升学生健康水平

随着经济和科学的持续发展,儿童青少年的身体活动(体力活动)在逐渐减少,电子视屏等静态生活时间不断增加,形成了久坐少动的行为模式(静态行为).静态行为尤其是电子视屏行为对儿童青少年健康各个维度均有危害.自2016年起,国际上儿童青少年活动指南的发布.已经倾向于发布维度更加全面、指标更加细化、操作性更强的儿童青少年24 h活动指南.但儿童青少年24 h活动指南本身仍然存在缺乏充足的循证医学证据.以及指标达标率极低等问题,对绝大多数儿童而言更像是一种理想目标.作者旨在探讨儿童青少年体力活动和静态行为现况、梳理指南的制定和演变历程,通过文献分析,探讨体力活动、静态行为对于儿童健康的独立影响及联合效应,分析和思考24 h活动指南对于儿童青少年健康的意义,为今后学生健康促进和行为干预提供思路和参考.     

《中国学校卫生》2020年出版选题方向

经《中国学校卫生》编委会审议研究决定,确定2020年的出版选题方向为:1.儿童青春发育时相决定因素及其健康效应;2.儿童青少年超重肥胖影响因素及其防控;3.儿童青少年近视防控;4.儿童过敏性疾病研究;5.静态行为和体力活动与执行功能关系及相关神经心理机研究;6.青少年健康危险行为;7.儿童内外化行为问题;8.社交网络技术在重点人群HIV防控工作中的作用;9.儿童青少年心血管健康;10.儿童汉语阅读障碍及孤独症谱系障碍研究;11.童年期不良经历与青少年伤害行为;12.留守儿童身心健康。欢迎各位专家、作者和读者广泛参与、踊跃投稿!     

改善儿童青少年体力活动水平是实现健康中国的重要保障

儿童青少年健康对于实现“健康中国”意义重大,但目前儿童青少年健康问题呈现多发、高发和低龄化趋势,环境、家庭和个人生活行为方式等影响因素日益复杂多样,给保护和促进儿童青少年健康带来诸多难题。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的暴发与蔓延更是对儿童青少年健康促进带来更为严峻的挑战。鉴于体力活动对改善儿童青少年健康所具有的重要意义,应该紧握“体力活动”抓手,积极探索通过体力活动改善儿童青少年健康的途径和方法,为实现“健康中国”的目标提供重要保障。     

定向越野防控儿童青少年近视的干预选择

中国儿童青少年的视力健康问题已成为关系国家和民族未来的大问题.本文通过对定向越野项目地图信息识别、图景目标交替搜索的近视防控价值及实施路径进行分析,发现定向越野练习对眼部肌肉具有很好的调节作用,有效提高了视觉注意,刺激了心眼脑视觉系统,对近视防控具有靶向锻炼价值.提出通过变换定向越野教学形式、教学空间、教学场景,可达到...     

儿童青少年健康发展与成效

儿童青少年健康是全民健康的基础, 是全面小康的标志。中共十八大以来, 党和国家对儿童青少年健康的高度重视以及儿童青少年健康政策的日益完善, 极大促进了儿童青少年近视、肥胖防控和心理健康促进; 体育锻炼和健康教育进一步加强, 推动了健康学校建设; 同时, 学校卫生管理和工作体系、学生健康监测制度及干预措施等服务体系进一步完善, 儿童青少年健康状况稳步提升。     

“十三五”期间学校卫生与健康教育工作进展

十三五”期间，学校卫生与健康教育工作牢固树立健康第一的理念，在新冠肺炎疫情防控、儿童青少年近视防控、学校健康教育推进、校园食品安全管理以及学校传染病防控等方面取得了新的重要阶段性进展。该文详细阐述了十三五”期间学校健康教育及学校卫生工作的主要内容，介绍了国家相关部门对学校卫生的战略政策部署及具体行动，为推进健康中国战略和实施健康中国行动等提供了重要支撑。     

Communal health promotion in child and adolescent health services -- report on the experience with a organisational model for setting up an interdisciplinary network in a socially important area

This report focusses on health promotion for children adolescents und families and on the aspects of organisation and resources. In 1991 the Public Youth Health Care (KJGD), a community health service for children und adolescents, set up a multi-professional "district committee" of distributors in leading positions in a socially important area (social workers, school teachers, kindergarten teachers, councillors, medical personnel, architects and town planners etc.). Medical examinations of all school beginners and children with special educational needs formed the basis of the social paediatric observations and data. Until 2003 the author was responsible for the management and coordination of this local interdisciplinary district committee of leading representatives from local social and educational organisations as well as town councillors who created a local multi-professional network. The district health reports of the discussions in the district committee including the different professional aspects of health promotion were passed on to the local politician actively involved in the discussions with specialists and invested in social and health promotion projects. Social paediatric issues and preventative strategies became part of the work in social and educational organisations in the area und the city. A healthy environment for children und families was promoted. For the KJGD the conceptual work with distributors in leading positions led to initiatives for communal health promotion making time-saving use of existing resources.     

Comparing self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status: Do self and proxy reports differ in their relationships with covariates?

Purpose

Given that mothers often—but do not always—report children’s health status in surveys, it is essential to gain an understanding of whether the relationship between children’s general health status and relevant covariates depends on who reports children’s general health status.

Methods

Using data from the first wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 cohort (N = 6,466), a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States ages 12 to 17 in 1997, the study first examined the concordance between self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status. Then, self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status were each regressed on health-relevant covariates, and tests of differences in coefficients across the models were estimated.

Results

Self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status are moderately concordant. Furthermore, the associations of adolescents’ general health status with adolescent BMI and the adolescent being female significantly differ across reporters, such that the negative relationships are even more negative with self compared to maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status. The associations of adolescents’ general health status with the measures of adolescents’ health limitations, maternal self-rated health, and certain sociodemographic covariates differ across reporters, such that each has a greater relationship with maternal compared to self-reports of adolescents’ general health status.

Conclusion

The results are important for interpreting research on the causes and consequences of child and adolescent health, as results across studies may not be comparable if the reporter is not the same.     

Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with functional disabilities in a northern Swedish county

Purpose

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) studies in children and adolescents with disabilities tend to report lower self-reported health than in the typical population. However, reports are not always consistent and HRQoL appears to vary depending on diagnosis, cultural setting and clinical context. The aim of this study was to explore HRQoL in children and adolescents with various disabilities in Västerbotten County, Sweden.

Methods

A total of 175 children and adolescents [57 girls, 118 boys; mean age 11.7 years (range 7–17 years)] divided into four different diagnostic groups (intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, movement disorders and hearing disabilities) participated in the study. The EuroQol Five Dimensions Health Questionnaire, Youth version (EQ-5D-Y) was used as HRQoL measure.

Results

Significant differences in various EQ-5D-Y dimensions between the different diagnostic groups were found, but no differences in overall health status. HRQoL in children and adolescents with hearing disabilities was found similar to the typical child population in Sweden whereas children and adolescents with other diagnoses reported evidently more problems.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that there is an increased risk for children with functional disabilities other than hearing disabilities in northern Sweden to experience difficulties in various health domains and lowered general health.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

儿童青少年脊柱侧凸筛查与保守治疗的研究进展

近年来中国儿童青少年脊柱侧凸总体发病率呈上升趋势,已成为影响中国儿童青少年身体健康的第三大“杀手”。脊柱畸形所引起的功能障碍,在儿童青少年时期并无明显的病理表现或临床症状(严重脊柱侧凸者除外),早期容易被忽略,但如果不及时加以干预,将对患者的长期预后和生活质量造成严重损害。因此,通过早期开展脊柱侧凸筛查工作,可有效监测中国儿童青少年脊柱健康状况,确保疾病的及时确诊、及时干预(支具等保守治疗方式),起到早期预防的作用,避免侧凸的进一步恶化与手术介入。研究将围绕脊柱侧凸的筛查和保守治疗的相关研究进展进行阐述。