立体定向放射治疗早期小细胞肺癌研究进展

小细胞肺癌（SCLC）是一种低分化、高侵袭、放化疗敏感的恶性肿瘤。研究发现,接受立体定向放疗（SBRT）的早期SCLC患者,总生存和疾病特异性生存与外科手术及传统同步放化疗接近,且局部控制率高,患者耐受好。SBRT近年来已成为临床I-IIA期SCLC的标准治疗选择之一。鉴于SBRT在SCLC治疗地位的提升,本文将回顾迄今为止的相关临床研究,探讨SBRT在早期SCLC中的应用现状、临床价值及发展趋势。     

放射治疗对小细胞肺癌预后的影响

目的:综述胸部放疗以及脑预防照射在小细胞肺癌(SCLC)治疗的作用以及对预后的影响.方法:以"小细胞肺癌和放疗"为关键词,检索1992-2009年PubMed以及CNKI期刊全文数据库,共检索到相关文献614篇,以近5年Ⅲ期临床研究和Meta分析为主要入组标准,以符合分析条件的30篇文献进行综述.结果:胸部放疗联合化疗降低局限期SCLC胸部复发率,改善生存,与晚期同步放化疗以及序贯放化疗相比,早期同步放化疗明显提高SCLC的生存率;胸部放疗能减少广泛期SCLC胸部进展的发生,改善生存;脑预防照射减少放化疗有效的SCLC脑转移事件的发生,提高生存率.结论:胸部放疗以及脑预防照射是提高SCLC生存率的治疗手段,是影响预后的重要治疗因素.     

局限期小细胞肺癌胸部放疗时机的选择及预后相关因素的分析

目的 分析局限期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)胸部放疗时机的选择及预后相关因素。方法 回顾性分析局限期SCLC患者102例,所有患者行序贯放化疗,按照胸部放疗时机选择不同分为早放疗组和晚放疗组,并评估两组初治化疗疗效。治疗结束后随访3年,统计患者生存情况。收集患者一般临床资料,采用单因素和Logistic回归分析局限期SCLC预后相关影响因素。结果 早放疗组疾病控制(DCR)率高于晚放疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗结束后随访2年,102例SCLC患者中有47例(46.08%)生存,55例(53.92%)死亡;死亡组年龄≥60岁、吸烟、初治化疗疗效为PD、晚期胸部放疗、肿瘤体积≥135 cm³、未行PCI比率高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示：年龄、吸烟、初治化疗疗效为PD、晚期胸部放疗、肿瘤体积≥135 cm³、未行PCI均是局限期SCLC预后的独立危险因素。结论 与晚期放疗相比,早期化疗治疗局限期SCLC效果更佳,且年龄≥60岁、吸烟、初治化疗疗效为PD、晚期胸部疗效、肿瘤体积≥13...     

ZFX在小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

背景与目的：小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)约占全部肺癌的15%,化疗是其主要的治疗方法之一,虽然早期对一线化疗方案敏感,但极易出现多药耐药而导致治疗失败。前期基因芯片发现X染色体耦联锌指蛋白(zinc finger protein X-linked,ZFX)在SCLC细胞中异常高表达,本研究进一步检测SCLC患者组织中ZFX的表达,并分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系,为SCLC的治疗提供依据。方法：收集在广东医学院附属医院肿瘤中心行支气管镜活检及手术切除的SCLC组织标本98例,采用QRT-PCR方法从基因水平检测其中临床资料完整的78例SCLC标本中ZFX的表达。结果：在78例SCLC组织标本中,ZFX在广泛期的SCLC组织中的表达较局限期患者的表达明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ZFX的表达与患者性别、年龄无关(均P>0.05);而与肿瘤的分期、对化疗药物的敏感性及总生存时间相关(均P<0.001)。结论：ZFX的表达可能和SCLC发生、发展相关,ZFX的检测有望作为SCLC的预后指标。     

早期非小细胞肺癌立体定向放疗实施要点

经过近20年研究,体部肿瘤立体定向放疗(stereotactic body radiotherapy,SBRT)技术逐渐发展成熟,并被诸多临床研究证实,成为不能手术早期非小细胞肺癌(non-smaH ceH lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的有效治疗手段[1-2].由于目前SBRT技术临床应用的有效性,以及在拒绝手术的早期NSCLC患者中取得的与手术相似的疗效,使得很多学者注意到其应用于可手术早期NSCLC患者治疗的潜在价值[3].但是,SBRT较常规放疗的临床应用历史短,对人员、设备和系统条件要求高,有其自己具体的实施要点.笔者结合近年来SBRT用于早期NSCLC治疗的相关报道和我们的临床实践体会做一介绍.     

早期非小细胞肺癌立体定向放疗实施要点

经过近20年研究,体部肿瘤立体定向放疗(stereotactic body radiotherapy,SBRT)技术逐渐发展成熟,并被诸多临床研究证实,成为不能手术早期非小细胞肺癌(non-smaH ceH lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的有效治疗手段[1-2].由于目前SBRT技术临床应用的有效性,以及在拒绝手术的早期NSCLC患者中取得的与手术相似的疗效,使得很多学者注意到其应用于可手术早期NSCLC患者治疗的潜在价值[3].但是,SBRT较常规放疗的临床应用历史短,对人员、设备和系统条件要求高,有其自己具体的实施要点.笔者结合近年来SBRT用于早期NSCLC治疗的相关报道和我们的临床实践体会做一介绍.     

早期非小细胞肺癌立体定向放疗实施要点

经过近20年研究,体部肿瘤立体定向放疗(stereotactic body radiotherapy,SBRT)技术逐渐发展成熟,并被诸多临床研究证实,成为不能手术早期非小细胞肺癌(non-smaH ceH lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的有效治疗手段[1-2].由于目前SBRT技术临床应用的有效性,以及在拒绝手术的早期NSCLC患者中取得的与手术相似的疗效,使得很多学者注意到其应用于可手术早期NSCLC患者治疗的潜在价值[3].但是,SBRT较常规放疗的临床应用历史短,对人员、设备和系统条件要求高,有其自己具体的实施要点.笔者结合近年来SBRT用于早期NSCLC治疗的相关报道和我们的临床实践体会做一介绍.     

现代诊疗技术下脑预防照射在局限期小细胞肺癌中的疗效分析

目的:探讨现代综合治疗模式及诊断技术下,局限期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)放化疗有效者行脑预防照射(PCI)的疗效及复发失败模式。方法:回顾性分析2006—2014年间共201例于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院接受放化疗综合治疗且达有效[完全缓解(CR)/部分缓解(PR)]的局限期SCLC患者的临床资料。综合治疗采用以调强放疗和≥4...     

体部立体定向放疗在寡转移NSCLC的临床应用和前景

免疫治疗及靶向治疗等药物的快速进展, 为局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)带来了长期生存获益。尤其是针对转移病灶少的晚期肺癌, 通过积极的局部治疗手段, 可进一步提高患者的生存率, 甚至达到临床治愈的可能。近年来, 随着放射技术的进步, 体部立体定向放射治疗(SBRT)实现了对小靶区肿瘤的精准高剂量放射治疗, 目前已被广泛应用于不可手术的早期肺癌, 而其在晚期肺癌患者中的应用价值和安全性也正被积极探索。本文就SBRT在晚期寡转移肺癌的研究现状、进展及未来发展方向进行讨论。     

体部立体定向放疗在寡转移NSCLC的临床应用和前景北大核心CSCD

免疫治疗及靶向治疗等药物的快速进展,为局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)带来了长期生存获益。尤其是针对转移病灶少的晚期肺癌,通过积极的局部治疗手段,可进一步提高患者的生存率,甚至达到临床治愈的可能。近年来,随着放射技术的进步,体部立体定向放射治疗(SBRT)实现了对小靶区肿瘤的精准高剂量放射治疗,目前已被广泛应用于不可手术的早期肺癌,而其在晚期肺癌患者中的应用价值和安全性也正被积极探索。本文就SBRT在晚期寡转移肺癌的研究现状、进展及未来发展方向进行讨论。     

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early-stage lung cancer in the elderly

Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is on the rise due to the implementation of screening guidelines for patients at risk for developing lung cancer. It is anticipated that as the US population continues to age, there will be a higher percentage of medically inoperable early-stage lung cancer patients. For this reason, noninvasive ablative therapies are necessary. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an effective modality in addressing early-stage NSCLC. SBRT consists of high-dose radiation delivered over 3–5 treatments. Several randomized trials comparing surgery to SBRT in early-stage operable patients have unfortunately closed early due to poor accrual. However, a recent pooled analysis from 2 randomized trials (StereoTActic Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Or Surgery for operable Early-stage non–small cell Lung cancer) comparing surgery to SBRT did show comparable local control and overall survival rates between surgery and SBRT, offering a very effective, noninvasive modality for older adult patients with early-stage NSCLC. In this review, we summarize the role of SBRT in early-stage NSCLC, in particularly applied to the older adult population.     

Comparing Treatment Strategies for Stage I Small-cell lung Cancer

Introduction

The diagnosis of stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is increasing in incidence with the advent of low-dose screening computed tomography. Surgery is considered the standard of care but there are very few data to guide clinical decision-making. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for patients receiving definitive surgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for stage I SCLC.

Age-related treatment patterns for stage I NSCLC in three European countries

IntroductionSurgery is the preferred treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may be applied in patients with major comorbidity or high age. We evaluated the association between age and treatment utilization for early-stage NSCLC in patients diagnosed in 2015–2016 in three European countries.Patients and methodsInformation was retrieved from population-based registries in England, Norway and the Netherlands. Treatment patterns and two-year overall survival rates for 105,124 patients with clinical stage I were analysed by age-group.ResultsSurgical resection rates were higher in Norway (55%) and England (53%) than in the Netherlands (47%), and decreased with increasing age. SBRT use was highest in the Netherlands (41%), followed by Norway (29%) and England (12%). In the Netherlands, SBRT was the prevailing treatment in patients aged 70 years or older. In octogenarians, the proportion not receiving curative intent treatment was 53% in England, versus 35% in Norway and 22% in the Netherlands. Two-year survival rates were better for surgery than for SBRT and slightly better in Norway.ConclusionIn patients aged 70 years or older, the proportion not receiving any curative treatment remains substantial, and differs significantly between countries. Measures to address these disparities are needed.     

立体定向放疗在超中央型肺癌治疗中的应用进展

立体定向放射治疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy,SBRT）可实现不可手术超中央型肺癌（ultra-central lung cancer,UCLC）患者的靶区高剂量照射并较好保护危及器官,是目前临床治疗的探索热点。接受SBRT治疗后UCLC患者可获得较好的局部控制率、中位生存时间和总生存率,但是由于UCLC紧邻或侵犯纵隔内重要脏器,SBRT治疗会常伴有一定的不良反应风险。本文就SBRT应用于UCLC患者的临床实践及研究进展进行综述。     

经倾向评分匹配后立体定向放疗与手术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌预后比较

目的 评价立体定向放疗(SBRT)与手术治疗Ⅰ-Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2012-2015年在浙江省肿瘤医院经SBRT或手术的120例早期非小细胞肺癌患者,对两组进行倾向得分匹配,各纳入60例符合要求病例。放疗组80%等剂量线作为处方剂量覆盖 95%PTV,100%等剂量线覆盖100% IGTV,每次5~15 Gy,中位生物等效剂量100 Gy (57.6~150.0 Gy);手术组VATS肺叶切除32例,楔形切除和肺段切除9例。结果 两组患者均顺利完成治疗,随访率100%,中位随访时间32.3个月。3例手术患者90 d内因感染发生治疗相关死亡,SBRT组无治疗相关死亡(P=0.079)。SBRT组3例患者随访期间因肿瘤外因素死亡(脑梗死、心脏病等)。12例患者出现局部区域复发,其中手术组5例,SBRT组7例(P=0.543)。17例远处转移,其中手术组11例,SBRT组6例(P=0.835)。中位无瘤生存期手术组38.4个月,SBRT组33.5个月(P=0.178);1、3年总生存率手术组分别为95%、83%,SBRT组分别为93%、83%(P=0.993)。结论 SBRT对早期原发性NSCLC总生存期与手术相当,二者局部控制率相近。     

Radiotherapy With Curative Intent in Patients With Early-stage,Medically Inoperable,Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review

Patients with early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are unable to undergo surgery can be offered radiation therapy (RT). Previously, conventional RT was offered; however, newer techniques such as stereotactic body RT (SBRT) have become available. The objective of the present systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of RT with curative intent in patients with early-stage medically inoperable NSCLC. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies comparing stereotactic RT with curative intent compared with observation or other types of RT for early-stage, medically inoperable, NSCLC. Comparisons of radiation dosing or fractionation schedules for SBRT were included. We include 4 systematic reviews and 52 observational studies. The evidence suggests that SBRT compared with observation or other forms of RT, such as accelerated hypofractionated RT, 3-dimensional conformal RT, conventional fractionated RT, external beam RT, proton beam therapy, and carbon ion therapy, could have similar or improved results in survival or local control, with similar or fewer adverse effects. Evidence also suggests that local tumor control and survival were associated with the biologically effective dose (BED) for SBRT. Several studies suggested a cutoff of approximately 100 BED correlated significantly with patient outcomes. The presented evidence suggests that SBRT compared with other forms of RT is a reasonable treatment option for patients with medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC.     

The Role of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in the Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Emerging Standard for the Medically Inoperable Patient?

The standard of care for early-stage lung cancer is surgical resection. Many patients with this diagnosis have comorbidities that preclude oncologic resection. Randomized data show that limited resection is inadequate for local disease control and may negatively impact on survival. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a novel radiation modality with significant applications in the inoperable, early-stage lung cancer population. Retrospective and prospective studies published in the past decade have established the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of SBRT in these patients using a variety of dose regimens and technologies. To date, lung SBRT results demonstrate excellent local control with very little acute toxicity, and suggest improved overall survival compared to historical controls of fractionated radiotherapy. Ongoing prospective trials are exploring dose and fractionation schedules in the inoperable population, and are starting to explore the role of SBRT for the operable patient.     

Stereotactic body radiation therapy versus radiofrequency ablation for single small hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity-score matching analysis of their impact on liver function and clinical outcomes

BackgroundStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has high efficacy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is an accepted alternative to radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, SBRT for HCC may cause subacute liver injury leading to negative clinical outcomes. In this study, we compared changes of liver function and prognosis after SBRT or RFA in patients with single, small HCC by using a propensity-score matching analysis.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of 140 patients with single ≤3 cm HCC treated with SBRT or RFA at Kurashiki Central Hospital between January 2014 and February 2019. Changes of albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, local recurrence, and overall survival were compared between the propensity-score matched groups (31 patients treated with SBRT and 62 treated with RFA).ResultsThe ALBI score increased modestly but significantly after SBRT, while it was unchanged in the RFA group; the intergroup difference was statistically significant (P=0.004). No local recurrence was identified in the SBRT group, whereas the cumulative recurrence incidence was 9.7% in the RFA group (P=0.023). Overall survival was not significantly different between the two groups (hazard ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.60–2.89, P=0.401).ConclusionsSBRT had modestly negative impact on liver function but with appraisable local control of HCC. Our findings should contribute to the selection of this modality for treatment of single, small HCC.     

Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: therapeutic options

Almost 40% of patients with newly diagnosed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have disease confined to the ipsilateral hemithorax and within a single radiation port, i.e., limited-stage disease. The median survival for this group of patients after treatment is approximately 15 months, with one in every four patients surviving 2 years. Current optimal treatment consists of chemotherapy with platinum/etoposide, given concurrently with thoracic radiation. Surgery may represent an option for very early-stage disease, but its added value is uncertain. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is used for patients with limited-stage SCLC who have achieved a complete response following initial therapy, as it decreases the risk of brain metastases and provides an overall survival benefit. Newer targeted agents are currently being evaluated in this disease and hold the promise of improving current outcomes seen in patients with early-stage disease.