护理人员工作特征与工作满意度的调查研究

目的了解分析护士工作特征,明确工作架构与工作满意度的关系,为开发实用、确切的工作设计方案,有效提升工作满意度提供实证依据。方法抽取7所综合性医院的430名护士,运用工作诊断调查表(短题本)和明尼苏达满意度问卷(短题本)进行横断面调查。结果各工作特征与内在满意度及一般满意度均成正相关,他人反馈及合作性与外在满意度成正相关(P<0.01)。内在满意度受任务重要性、工作自主性、他人反馈、年龄和轮班方式影响;外在满意度受他人反馈、职务和用工性质影响;一般满意度受他人反馈、工作自主性和任务重要性影响。结论工作特征对工作满意度具有积极影响,工作自主性、任务重要性和他人反馈是影响护士工作满意度的主要工作特征。科学的工作设计有助于促进护士与工作岗位的最佳匹配,提升工作满意度。     

Characteristics,work environments,and rates of burnout and job dissatisfaction among registered nurses in primary care

BackgroundAlthough more people than ever are seeking primary care, the ratio of primary care providers to the population continues to rapidly decline. As such, registered nurses (RNs) are taking on increasingly central roles in primary care delivery. Yet little is known about their characteristics, their work environments, and the extent to which they experience poor job outcomes such as nurse burnout.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the primary care RN workforce and analyze the association of the nurse work environment with job outcomes in primary care.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of survey data representing N = 463 RNs who worked in 398 primary care practices, including primary care offices, community clinics, retail/urgent care clinics, and nurse-managed clinics. Survey questions included measures of the nurse work environment and levels of burnout, job dissatisfaction, and intent to leave.DiscussionApproximately one-third of primary care RNs were burnt out and dissatisfied with their jobs, with the highest risk of these outcomes among RNs in community clinics. Community clinic RNs were also significantly more likely to be Black or Hispanic/Latino, hold a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, and speak English as a second language (all p < .01). Across all settings, better nurse work environments were significantly associated with lower levels of burnout and job dissatisfaction (both p < .01).ConclusionPrimary care practices must be equipped to support their RN workforce. Adequate nursing resources are especially needed in community clinics, as patients receiving primary care in these settings frequently face structural inequities.     

Personal characteristics and job satisfaction among nurses in Lebanon

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the level of satisfaction of Lebanese nurses in their job and the influence of their personal characteristics. BACKGROUND: Given the current difficulties experienced by Lebanese hospitals in recruiting and retaining a sufficient number of nurses, the need to understand the reasons of nurses' dissatisfaction became urgent. Moreover, satisfaction at work is essentially a personal experience also affected by cultural factors. Therefore, it was necessary to study the links between personal characteristics and nurses' dissatisfaction. METHODS: The study included 421 registered nurses. A modified version of Measure of Job Satisfaction, developed by Taynor and Wade, was used to assess the effect of the personal characteristics, namely educational level, age, years of work experience, position, and marital and parental status, on 5 dimensions of satisfaction: personal satisfaction, workload, professional support, pay and prospect, and training. RESULTS: The findings suggest that personal characteristics have important influences on nurses' job perceptions. University graduate nurses reported more dissatisfaction with the quality of supervision and with respect and treatment they receive from their superiors. Nurses younger than 30 years and the technically trained were more dissatisfied with the available opportunities to attend continuing education courses. Results of staff nurses and unmarried nurses showed trends of more dissatisfaction than the married and nurses of higher positions. Moreover, the whole sample perceived that nursing provided a high level of personal satisfaction, but nurses were most dissatisfied with salary and lack of prospects for promotion. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the importance of personal characteristics on nurses' retention. Furthermore, intrinsic factors related to the nature and experience of nursing are more job satisfying than extrinsic factors.     

工作压力在护士职业倦怠与工作特征的中介作用

目的了解护士职业倦怠、工作特征与工作压力的现状并评估三者的关系。方法采用一般情况调查表、中文版护士职业倦怠量表(maslach burnout inventory,MBI)、护士压力源量表、工作特征量表(job characteristics inventory)对423名护士进行调查。采用Pearson相关分析探讨护士工作特征、工作压力与职业倦怠三者的关系,根据Pearson相关分析,建立路径关系模型,对护士职业倦怠、工作特征与工作压力三者之间的关系进行路径分析。结果职业倦怠量表中护士情感耗竭维度的得分(26.04±11.64)分、工作冷漠感维度(7.39±2.14)分、个人无成就感维度(33.87±8.64)分,三者高度倦怠感分别占50.83%、39.01%、49.41%;护士工作特征总分(104.52±15.51)分;工作压力总分(109.32±18.93)分。工作压力在工作特征与职业倦怠之间有部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的54.40%。结论护士职业倦怠较严重。护理管理者应采取有效的措施降低护士的工作压力感,从多个维度改善护士的工作特征,从而降低护士职业倦怠水平。     

Examination of socio-demographics and job satisfaction in Australian registered nurses

BackgroundThe results of the few studies found investigating relationships between socio-demographic variables and job satisfaction in nurses are mixed. Nevertheless some evidence exists which indicates that some socio-demographic variables are related to nurses’ job satisfaction. Moreover reports indicate that job satisfaction is linked to the retention of nurses. Relationships between socio-demographics and job satisfaction of Australian nurses are examined in the current study.AimTo examine relationships between socio-demographic factors and job satisfaction and identify if these factors predicted job satisfaction levels in Australian nurses.MethodsA cross sectional survey was conducted of 2000 Australian registered nurses who were at the time members of an industrial and professional organisation. The nurses were randomised and stratified according to gender and were asked to answer questions on a socio-demographic questionnaire developed by the researcher.ResultsThe majority of respondents showed positive job satisfaction scores. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) found the covariates age, years of experience and years in current job were all moderately to highly positively correlated with each other (all r > 0.40, p < 0.001), however there were no significant interactions between these covariates and Job Satisfaction. Multivariable analysis found significant positive relationships existed between job satisfaction, specialty area and health sector.ConclusionsSpecialty area and health sector showed significant associations with job satisfaction in nurses. These variables should be considered by governments, nursing, organisational leaders and policy makers when developing future policies and strategies aimed at retention. These variables should be investigated further in relation to nursing job satisfaction.     

长沙市护理人员工作绩效及相关因素的研究

目的了解长沙市护理人员工作绩效水平,分析不同个人特征对工作绩效的影响。方法采用分层抽样法,应用一般资料问卷和护士工作绩效自评量表对长沙市12所医院630名护士进行问卷调查。结果长沙市护士专业发展得分最高为(30.21±4.50)分,健康教育得分最低为(28.93±5.41)分。不同年龄、护龄、学历、职称、收入的护士工作绩效在各个维度的得分差异具有统计学意义(P(0.05)。收入是绩效总分的最主要影响因素(β=0.140)。结论解决影响护士工作绩效的相关因素,有利于提高护理工作绩效。     

护士长工作状况调查及相关因素研究

目的调查护士长工作状况,分析护士长工作压力、应对方式以及与身心健康的相互关系。方法采用问卷调查法对2所大型医院86名护士长工作疲溃感、工作压力、应对方式以及身心健康水平进行调查分析。结果护士长情绪疲溃感与工作无成就感均为高度;工作量负荷、缺乏支持、处理死亡或濒死的病人是护士长最主要的工作压力源;护士长积极的再评估、有计划的解决问题和采取自我控制来处理压力事件;工作量负荷、采取逃避与回避与护士长的躯体健康水平和心理健康水平呈负相关,与医生的冲突与护士长的心理健康水平呈负相关。结论护士长工作压力大,身心健康存在较多问题,应引起管理部门的高度重视,寻求各种途径缓解护士长的工作压力,提高其身心健康水平,有利于提高护理管理质量。     

Occupational and nonoccupational factors in job satisfaction and psychological distress among nurses

To facilitate nurses' job satisfaction and reduce their psychological distress, it is useful for a nursing manager to know whether factors within the workplace provide greater prediction of these affective states than variables outside the domain of work, and whether there are common predictors of satisfaction and distress. The relative importance of occupational and nonoccupational variables in the prediction of job satisfaction and psychological distress was investigated in a survey of hospital nurses (N 5 376). Perceived relations with the head nurse, coworkers, physicians, and other units/departments, along with unit tenure and job/nonjob conflict, were predictors of job satisfaction. Personal disposition (anxiety-trait), social integration, unit tenure, professional experience, position level, and job/nonjob conflict, along with the relations with the head nurse and physicians, were predictors of psychological distress. The relations with the head nurse and physicians, as well as unit tenure and job/nonjob conflict, were predictors of both satisfaction and distress. The prediction by unit tenure is noteworthy. Unit tenure had a negative relationship to satisfaction and a positive one to distress, whereas total experience had a negative relationship to psychological distress and none with job satisfaction. The role of unit tenure in nurses' affective experiences warrants more attention in future research, along with the role of job/nonjob conflict and other variables predictive of nurses' satisfaction and distress. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 20: 453–464, 1997     

1259名护士工作满意度及其影响因素研究

目的调查护士工作满意度现状及其影响因素。方法采用护士工作满意度量表、心理弹性量表、简易应对方式问卷、中国护士工作压力源量表对广州市5所二级医院和5所三级医院的1 259名护士进行问卷调查。结果护士工作满意度总分为(47.56±7.88)分;护士工作满意度与心理弹性、积极应对呈正相关(P0.01),与工作压力呈负相关(P0.01);医院级别、夜班状况、心理弹性、积极应对、工作压力是护士工作满意度的影响因素。结论减少护士工作压力,引导其选择积极的应对方式,提高其心理弹性等将有助于提高护士的工作满意度。     

Investigating demographic,work-related and job satisfaction variables as predictors of motivation in Greek nurses

Aim To investigate whether demographic variables and work-related factors predict work motivation in Greek nurses. Background Nurses’ motivation is crucial for an effective health-care system. Herzberg’s and Maslow’s motivation theories constitute the framework of this study. Method The sample consisted of 200 nurses from every sector and registration level in a University Hospital in Greece. The response rate was 76%. Instruments A previously developed and validated questionnaire addressing four work-related motivators (job attributes, remuneration, co-workers and achievements) on a five-point Likert scale. Results Most participants were women, married, between 36 years and 45 years old and higher education graduates. The highest mean score was recorded for ‘achievements’ (mean 4.07, SD 0.72), which emerged as the most important motivator. Job satisfaction, work sector and age were statistically significantly related to motivational factors. Conclusions Nurses placed emphasis on motivators not strictly relating to economic rewards, but which can be seen as intrinsic and could lead to self-actualization. Implications for nursing management The constantly changing health sector requires that human resources and job context be a priority for health administrators. By promoting nurses’ satisfaction and efficacy, an improvement in service quality is expected.