Secondary omentitis in children following appendectomy

The data on treatment of 18 children with secondary omentitis, which developed after appendectomy, are presented. A complication can manifest itself as an abscess of the omentum and as its infiltration, differing in clinical picture and the findings of electromyography. On the basis of the analysis of 463 appendectomies, at the time of which the changes in the omentum were revealed, the association of the form of appendicitis and secondary omentitis is shown. The necessity for resection of the omentum in periappendicular abscess and general peritonitis is noted.     

Incidence of persistent postoperative opioid use in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery: a retrospective cohort study

The opioid crisis remains a major public health concern. In ambulatory surgery, persistent postoperative opioid use is poorly described and temporal trends are unknown. A population-based retrospective cohort study was undertaken in Ontario, Canada using routinely collected administrative data for adults undergoing ambulatory surgery between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017. The primary outcome was persistent postoperative opioid use, defined using best-practice methods. Multivariable generalised linear models were used to estimate the association of persistent postoperative opioid use with prognostic factors. Temporal trends in opioid use were examined using monthly time series, adjusting for patient-, surgical- and hospital-level variables. Of 340,013 patients, 44,224 (13.0%, 95%CI 12.9–13.1%) developed persistent postoperative opioid use after surgery. Following multivariable adjustment, the strongest predictors of persistent postoperative opioid use were pre-operative: utilisation of opioids (OR 9.51, 95%CI 8.69–10.39); opioid tolerance (OR 88.22, 95%CI 77.21–100.79); and utilisation of benzodiazepines (OR 13.75, 95%CI 12.89–14.86). The time series model demonstrated a small but significant trend towards decreasing persistent postoperative opioid use over time (adjusted percentage change per year −0.51%, 95%CI −0.83 to −0.19%, p = 0.003). More than 10% of patients who underwent ambulatory surgery experienced persistent postoperative opioid use; however, there was a temporal trend towards a reduction in persistent opioid use after surgery. Future studies are needed that focus on interventions which reduce persistent postoperative opioid use.     

Somatic paravertebral block decreases opioid requirements in children undergoing appendectomy

Purpose

Somatic paravertebral block (SPVB) appears to provide effective and prolonged nerve block in children; however, study of its use in this population is limited. We compared SPVB with no block in children undergoing appendectomy.

Methods

Thirty-six children aged 3-16 yr undergoing open appendectomy were involved in this prospective randomized controlled study. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in N₂O/oxygen. All subjects received fentanyl, acetaminophen and ketorolac during anesthesia. Group I (SPVB) subjects received a right SPVB at T₁₁, T₁₂, and L₁ using 0.2% ropivacaine 0.25 mL·kg^?1 with epinephrine 1:200,000 preoperatively. Group II (Control) had only bandaids applied to skin. Both groups were given morphine 0.05 mg·kg^?1 iv every 2 hr if pain scores reached 5/10 on a visual analogue scale. Acetaminophen was administered postoperatively every 6 hr to both groups. Time to first dose of morphine, total dose of morphine in 24 hr, and any adverse effects up to 24 hr after surgery were recorded.

Results

Group I (SPVB) subjects required significantly less morphine than Group II (Control) patients (0.12 ± 0.07 vs 0.34 ± 0.15 mg·kg^?1, respectively; P < 0.001), and time to their first dose was significantly longer (7.1 ± 4.4 vs 2.5 ± 1.6 hr, respectively; P < 0.001). Incidence of vomiting was 11% with Group I and 27% with Group II (P = 0.21). No other adverse effects were observed in either group.

Conclusions

In children undergoing appendectomy, SPVB provides better pain relief than no block and reduces opioid requirements. Side effects were not statistically different between groups.     

Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children

PURPOSE: Hydrocele seems to be the most frequent complication in children who undergo surgery for varicocele and the issue of the optimal management of hydrocele remains controversial. In this retrospective study we evaluated the incidence and management of hydrocele following surgical treatment of varicocele in children treated at 8 European centers of pediatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a 5-year period 278 children between 7 and 17 years old underwent surgical treatment for unilateral left varicocele, including 187 using video surgery and 91 via an open inguinal approach. RESULTS: At an average followup of 24 months (range 12 to 60) 34 children (12.2%) had a left hydrocele. Of the 278 children 14 (5%) were lost to followup. The hydrocele appeared between 1 week and 44 months (median 2 months) after surgery. Concerning hydrocele management 16 of 34 children (47%) were treated with scrotal puncture while under local anesthesia, which led to hydrocele regression after a median of 3 punctures (range 1 to 5), 12 (35.3%) underwent clinical observation since the hydrocele reduced spontaneously within a median of 12 months after its appearance and 6 (17.7%) were treated with open surgery. In 4 cases the hydrocele disappeared and in 2 it recurred after surgery and was successfully treated with punctures. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the median incidence of hydrocele after varicocele surgery is about 12% but it seems higher after artery nonsparing vs sparing procedures (17.6% vs 4.3%). On the contrary, no difference was found when the procedure was performed using video surgery or with the open approach. Hydroceles generally develop a few months later but may also appear several years after the surgical repair of varicocele. Noninvasive procedures (scrotal punctures or clinical observation) seem to induce total hydrocele regression in more than 82% of cases. Children who undergo surgery for varicocele should undergo long-term followup to detect a possible hydrocele. In fact, the 5.4% of children lost to followup in our study may potentially have had a hydrocele. Surgery is not always successful for this condition, as shown in the 2 cases of recurrent hydrocele after surgical repair.     

Ketorolac use and risk of bleeding after appendectomy in children with perforated appendicitis

BackgroundKetorolac is an opioid sparing agent commonly used in children. However, ketorolac may be avoided in children with peritonitis owing to a possible increased risk of bleeding.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of healthy children 2–18 years who underwent appendectomy for perforated appendicitis was performed using the Pediatric Health Information System (2009–2019). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between perioperative ketorolac use and postoperative blood transfusions within 30 days of surgery, adjusting for patient and hospital level factors. An interaction between ketorolac and ibuprofen was evaluated to identify synergistic effects.ResultsOverall, 55,603 children with perforated appendicitis underwent appendectomy and 82.3% (N = 45,769) received ketorolac. Of those, 32% (N = 14,864) also received ibuprofen. Receipt of a blood transfusion was infrequent (N = 189, 0.3%). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, perioperative ketorolac administration was associated with decreased odds of a blood transfusion (OR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35–0.79). However, children receiving ketorolac and ibuprofen were more likely to require a blood transfusion (OR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.42–2.79). In a subset of children receiving ketorolac, each additional day of ketorolac was associated with an increase odds of blood transfusion (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.30–1.49).ConclusionPerioperative ketorolac alone is not associated with an increased risk of significant bleeding in children undergoing appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. However, use of both ketorolac and ibuprofen during hospitalization was associated with increased risk of bleeding, although precise timing of administration of these medications was unable to be determined. Extended ketorolac use was also associated with increased risk of bleeding requiring blood transfusion.Level of evidenceLevel III.     

小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除的临床对比研究

【摘要】 目的 对比研究小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)与传统开腹阑尾切除术(OA)的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月~2012年12月期间进行LA和OA的93例小儿阑尾炎患者的临床资料,对两组手术时间、术中出血情况、术后恢复情况等进行统计对比分析。结果〓两组患儿手术及恢复顺利,术后无严重并发症。两组手术时间及术中出血量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);LA组术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、切口疼痛时间、术后住院天数均低于OA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与OA比较,小儿LA具有创伤小、并发症少,恢复快及美容等优势,是治疗小儿阑尾炎理想的手术方式。     

Laparoscopic appendectomy in children: use of the endoloop vs the endostapler

HYPOTHESIS: Two techniques are used for laparoscopic appendectomy (LA): division of the mesoappendix with the harmonic scalpel and ligation of the appendix with an endoloop (EL), or division of the mesoappendix and appendix with an endostapler (ES). Using an ES is a cost-effective technique that provides an outcome benefit in children who require appendectomy. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Academic, tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Seventy-five children who underwent LA from January 1, 2002, to March 31, 2004. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic appendectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, diagnosis, length of stay, surgical time, total operating room time, complications, and instrumentation costs were compared between the EL and ES groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, length of stay, perforated, gangrenous, or acute appendicitis diagnoses, or complications between the groups. The surgical time and total operating room time for LA in children in the ES group were significantly shorter than in children in the EL group by 15% and 17%, respectively (P<.05). The disposable equipment costs for LA were $201 per case in the ES group vs $400 per case in the EL group. The mean 14.9-minute increase in total operating room time in children in the EL group resulted in $373 of additional operating room and anesthesia costs. The decreased disposable equipment costs and shorter surgical time of LA in the ES group led to cost savings of $572 per case as compared with children who underwent LA with an EL. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in outcome between children who undergo LA with an EL or with an ES. However, this study supports the use of the ES for LA as a more cost-effective technique that is associated with reduced surgical time.     

A randomized double-blinded study to determine the effectiveness of utilizing intraperitoneal bupivacaine: Does it reduce post-operative opioid use following laparoscopic appendectomy?

Background

Improving postoperative pain control may lead to improved outcomes including decreased opioid use, shorter hospital stays, and improved patient satisfaction. This study examined the effects of instilling intraperitoneal bupivacaine following laparoscopic appendectomy.

结直肠癌根治术后复发模式

目的:探讨结直肠癌根治术后复发模式.方法:回顾性分析1990年至1999年行根治术的692例结直肠癌病例,术后出现复发162例.结果:复发转移率23.4%(162/692),复发转移在术后2年内出现者占74.1%(120/162),3年内出现者占92.0%(149/162).结肠癌、直肠癌术后复发转移率分别为16.3%(46/282)、28.3%(116/410).结肠癌69.6%(32/46)为单纯远处转移,最常见的远处转移位置是肝脏.直肠癌41.4%(48/116)为单纯局部复发,10.3%(12/116)为兼有局部复发和远处转移.结论:结直肠癌术后2～3年应加强随访.结肠癌术后最常见的复发是远处转移,直肠癌则为局部复发.