干扰素α-2b对慢性乙型肝炎患者氧化损伤状态的影响

目的探讨不同基因型慢性乙型肝炎患者干扰素α-2b(IFNα-2b)治疗前后氧化损伤状态的变化及其与抗病毒疗效的关系。方法35例符合干扰素治疗指征的慢性乙型肝炎患者,分别给予IFNα-2b300万U,肌内注射,每周3次,疗程12周。治疗前后化学比色法测定患者血清丙二醛和总抗氧化能力指标的变化,同时在治疗过程中定期复查患者肝功、胆红素、血常规、HBV DNA及病毒标志物的变化,核酸杂交-酶联免疫吸附法测定乙肝病毒基因分型,18例健康人作为正常对照。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者血清丙二醛浓度明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。不同基因型患者血清丙二醛水平及总抗氧化能力无显著差别(P>0.05)。干扰素治疗后患者血清丙二醛水平明显低于治疗前水平(P<0.05),无效组治疗后的丙二醛浓度仍高于健康对照(P<0.05)。干扰素治疗前有效组的血清总抗氧化能力明显高于无效组(P<0.05),治疗后血清总抗氧化能力明显升高(P<0.05)。结论IFNα-2b治疗可以明显改善慢性乙型肝炎患者的氧化-抗氧化损伤平衡障碍,抗病毒治疗中适当应用抗氧化剂可能有助于提高临床疗效。     

Oxidative stress: the effect of erythropoietin and the dialysis membrane

Dialysis patients run the risk of impaired antioxidative defense and increased free radicals (FR) production. The study was made in order to compare FR-related parameters in ten patients treated with erythropoietin (EPO+) and ten patients not subject to this treatment (EPO-). All patients showed stable hemoglobin levels at > 95 g/L. FR-related parameters were monitored during hemodialysis (HD) using a polysulfon (PS) or a hemophan (H) membrane for 12 of them (6 EPO+ a 6 EPO-). The EPO- group was found to have a higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1160 + 218 vs; 882 + 125 IU/gHb, p<0.01) and a higher SOD/glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) ratio compared with EPO+ (30.5 +/- 7.1 vs; 21.2 + 4.8, p<0.01). A total of 35 healthy volunteers were also examined. When compared with controls EPO- showed higher SOD (p<0.001), lower GSHPx (p<0.05) and a higher SOD/GSHPx ratio (p<0.001). Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances in EPO+ and EPO- were comparable with the levels found in controls. HD using H as well as PS membranes was associated with a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione levels (GSH after 30 minutes; also for H after HD). HD using H and PS membranes resulted in a decrease in the plasma antioxidant capacity (AOC). We can conclude that the intraerythrocyte antioxidant conditions of EPO+ patients are similar to those found in the general population and differ from those in EPO- exhibiting increased SOD and the SOD/GSHPx ratio. HD using the H as well as the PS membrane is accompanied by oxidative stress.     

Reduced serum non-enzymatic antioxidant defense and increased lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients on a hypocaloric diet

Introduction

Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may be associated with the pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia (SZ). Some studies indicate that nutritional supplements offer protection from OS, but there is no data about the effect of a hypocaloric diet on OS in this population. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of a hypocaloric dietary intervention on OS in subjects with SZ.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 96 participants in outpatient treatment for SZ comprised patients separated into two groups: one group of subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (HD) program (n = 42), while the other group followed a regular diet (RD) with no nutritional restrictions (n = 54). The serum total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were assessed.

Results

TRAP levels were lower and TBARS levels were higher in the HD group than in the RD group (p = 0.022 and p = 0.023, respectively). There were no differences in TAR levels between the groups. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between TRAP and TBARS levels after adjusting for BMI and clozapine dose (partial correlation = 0.42, p < 0.001). There were no correlations among the length of illness or diet and the levels of TRAP, TBARS, and TAR.

Conclusions

Subjects with SZ on a hypocaloric diet displayed different OS parameters than those not following a HD. Serum TRAP levels were lower and TBARS levels were higher among SZ subjects with HD compared to SZ subjects without HD. Lower TRAP levels may reflect decreased oxidative stress, whereas higher TBARS levels most likely reflect a biochemical reaction to the decreased TRAP levels. Additionally, TAR levels were similar between groups, suggesting a similar quality of antioxidant defenses, despite quantitative differences between the two dietary protocols in SZ patients under outpatient care.     

Oxidative status in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis

Oxidative status in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) has not been investigated previously in children and adolescents. We investigated oxidant and antioxidant systems in a cohort of Egyptian children and adolescents with AIT to explore these as biomarkers of autoimmunity and thyroid function. Our case control study included 32 children with AIT and 32 healthy subjects with matching age and sex as a control group. After a thorough history and physical examination, a thyroid ultrasound, measurements of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4), antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibody were done with assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels as oxidative stress markers. Overt hypothyroidism was detected in 23/32, while subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in nine of the 32 studied patients. MDA levels were significantly elevated, while TAC levels were significantly decreased in AIT patients compared with healthy controls. The difference was more evident in patients with overt hypothyroidism than those with subclinical hypothyroidism. We also observed significant positive correlations of TPOAb levels with age, TSH, MDA, and thyroid volume, finding a negative correlation with TAC and FT4. In conclusion, the high serum MDA and lower TAC levels in patients with AIT and the correlation of thyroid antibodies with biomarkers of oxidative stress may reflect the role of autoimmunity in the development of oxidative stress. Future studies are needed for evaluation of antioxidant therapy for AIT patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02318160. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02318160.     

二甲双胍联合达英-35对多囊卵巢综合征患者氧化应激及卵巢功能的影响

目的:探讨二甲双胍联合达英-35对多囊卵巢综合征患者氧化应激水平及卵巢功能的影响。方法:选取我院2018年4月至2019年4月收治的90例多囊卵巢综合征患者,根据盲抽法分为2组(n=45)。对照组患者口服达英-352 mg Qd进行治疗,观察组在此基础上口服二甲双胍片500 mg Tid进行治疗。治疗3 m后观察临床疗效,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清卵泡刺激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、促黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、胰岛素(Insulin,INS)、睾酮(Testosterone,T)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)及超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GPx)、总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,TAC)水平,并经B超检查观察囊性卵泡数、卵泡直径、卵泡成熟期子宫内膜厚度。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(95.56%vs 80.00%,P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者FSH、LH、INS、T、E2水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),SOD、GPx、TAC水平均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组均优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者囊性卵泡数明显减少、卵泡直径明显增大,卵泡成熟期子宫内膜厚度厚于治疗前,且观察组上述指标变化幅度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:二甲双胍联合达英-35对多囊卵巢综合征疗效显著,能够减轻机体氧化应激,改善卵巢情况及生理功能,值得推广应用。     

Oxidative imbalance in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Increasing evidence supports a role of oxidative imbalance, characterized by impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Hyperhomocysteinemia, another risk factor for AD, also contributes to oxidative damage. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and ROS levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in 71 AD, 36 MCI and 28 vascular dementia (VaD) patients as well as in 44 age-matched controls. tHcy levels were significantly increased in patients with AD and VaD an a trend towards an increase in multiple domain MCI was observed. TAC was significantly decreased in AD as well as MCI, but not in VaD patients. In AD patients, a negative correlation was found between TAC and disease duration. ROS levels did not differ among groups, but were correlated with age. In conclusion, a pattern characterized by increased tHcy levels and decreased TAC is present in AD as well as MCI patients. While increased tHcy levels were also found in VaD, TAC modifications occur specifically in AD. ROS levels appear to be correlated with age rather than with a specific dementing disorder, thus leading to the hypothesis that oxidative imbalance observed in AD could be due to a decreased TAC.     

Tempol diminishes cocaine-induced oxidative damage and attenuates the development and expression of behavioral sensitization

A variety of mechanisms has been suggested for cocaine toxicity, including the possibility that cocaine induces an increase in oxidative stress (OS) due to excessive oxidation of dopamine (e.g. dopamine quinine), or by redox cycling of cocaine oxidized metabolites. However, the association between oxidative status in the brain and cocaine induced-behavior is poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the ability of the unique antioxidant tempol to attenuate cocaine-induced oxidative damage and behavioral response. Acute cocaine treatment significantly elevated OS markers in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in rats, both in slices and following a single cocaine injection, which corresponded with a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Tempol, at the optimal concentration we determined that was needed to observe an antioxidant non-toxic effect in vitro (1 mM) and in vivo (200 mg/kg), completely abolished the elevation of OS markers and prevented the reduction in TAC in these areas. Importantly, tempol injections, at a dose that does not affect the basal levels of locomotor activity, attenuated both the development and expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Finally, in cocaine-sensitized animals, tempol prevented the elevation of OS markers in both PFC and NAc. Our findings suggest that oxidation of specific sites in the brain reward system by cocaine is accompanied with behavioral changes. Tempol has a neuro-protective effect against cocaine toxicity in these regions, and it may be beneficial in the treatment of cocaine addiction.     

Sulfur mustard triggers oxidative stress through glutathione depletion and altered expression of glutathione-related enzymes in human airways

Context: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a lipophilic and reactive chemical compound that targets human airway system.

Objective: Glutathione (GSH) depletion, oxidative stress (OS) status, and changes in expression of GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes were considered in human mustard lungs.

Materials and methods: Lung biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected from non-exposed (n?=?10) individuals and SM-exposed patients (n?=?12). Alterations in expression of GSH-dependent enzymes were studied using RT² Profiler? PCR array. OS was evaluated by determining BAL fluid levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GSH.

Results: Mean TAC (0.142?±?0.027?µmol/l) and GSH (4.98?±?1.02?nmol/l) in BAL fluids of control group was significantly higher (p?p?=?.001) higher than that in controls (0.49?±?0.048?nmol/l). Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs), and glutathione synthetase (GSS) enzymes were overexpressed in mustard lung biopsies, while glutathione reductase (GSR) was significantly downregulated (14.95-fold).

Conclusions: GSH depletion induced by GSR downregulation may be a major mechanism of SM toxicity on human lung. Despite overexpression of GSTs and GPXs genes, GSH depletion may decline the productivity of these enzymes and total antioxidants capacity, which is associated with OS.     

Serum anti-carbonic anhydrase II antibodies and oxidant-antioxidant balance in pre-eclampsia

PROBLEM The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-carbonic anhydrase II antibodies (anti-CA II) antibodies in pre-eclampsia and the relationships between the autoantibodies, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidative stres index (OSI) parameters. METHOD OF STUDY We studied 40 early and late onset pre-eclamptic patients and 40 healthy pregnant control and 39 healthy non-pregnant control subjects. Serum CA II antibodies, TAC and TOC, and MDA parameters were studied by ELISA. RESULTS The mean values for TAC, TOC, OSI, MDA, and anti-CA II were significantly increased in patients with pre-eclampsia compared to the other groups. The anti-CA II antibody levels for the pregnant control subjects were 0.129 ± 0.04 and that for the pre-eclamptic patients were 0.282 ± 0.18. In this study, any absorbance value higher than 0.136, the mean absorbance + 2 S.D. of pregnant control subjects, was defined as positive. Positive results were obtained in 29 of 40 pre-eclamptic patients (72.5%). There were significant positive correlations between serum anti-CA II antibodies and TOC, MDA levels, and OSI levels. CONCLUSION The results suggest that anti-CA II antibodies and impairment in oxidant-antioxidant balance may be involved in multifactorial etiology of pre-eclampsia.     

Assessment of erythropoietin levels and some iron indices in chronic renal failure and liver cirrhosis patients

This study was constructed to investigate the relationship between renal anaemia and erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and to evaluate the possible role of the liver. Serum EPO levels were measured in blood samples from 20 CRF patients on hemodialysis (HD), 20 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, 20 patients having both CRF and LC and undergoing HD, and 20 normal control subjects. Blood cell counts, iron indices (iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin), renal function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine), hepatic function (ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin) investigations were carried out for all the subjects enrolled in this study. CRF patients without LC had serum EPO concentration of 6.21 +/- 0.53 mU/ml (mean +/- SE), which was significantly higher than that in patients having both CRF and LC (4.32 +/- 0.52) (p < 0.01). Both groups showed significantly lower values than the controls (12.75 +/- 0.70) (p < 0.001). LC patients with intact kidneys had significantly higher EPO level (22.70 +/- 1.70) (p < 0.001). No correlation was found between EPO level and any of the hematologic or iron indices.     

Aluminium and lead abnormalities in children on haemodialysis: relationship with some medications

Introduction

The determination of toxic elements in the biological samples of human beings is an important clinical procedure. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of abnormal blood contents of 2 trace elements (TEs), aluminum (Al),and lead (Pb) in hemodialysis (HD) patients and to analyze their relationship with the medications, such as CaCO₃, Ca acetate, 1,25-dihydroxy vit. D₃, and erythropoietin (EPO), as well as hematocrit level.

Material and methods

We included 43 patients on maintenance HD and they had continued the previously mentioned medications for at least 3 months. None of the patients were on Al containing phosphate binding agents.

Results

Serum aluminum and lead levels were significantly increased than in the healthy controls, but levels of both of them were far below toxic values. Male patients had higher mean levels of lead than did females. A strong positive correlation was found between serum Al and serum Pb levels among patients (r = 0.075, p = 0.0001).The serum level of Pb was positively correlated with the serum albumin in HD patients (r = 0.45, p = 0.03). Both serum aluminium and lead levels positively correlated with the EPO dose taken by the patients (r = 0.77, p = 0.0001 and r = 0.67, p = 0.0001 respectively).

Conclusions

The blood level of trace metals of these HD patients was not related to their medications except for the EPO dose. However, caution must be exercised in interpreting this result as dose and duration of medication may play an important role. Al and Pb over load may be considered from the causes of inadequate response to epoetin therapy.     

急性脑卒中患者血清氧化应激指标测定及临床意义

目的:分析急性脑卒中患者氧化应激指标水平变化及其临床意义。方法:采用生物化学方法检测90例急性脑卒中患者(病例组)和50例健康体检者(对照组)血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),并将病例组进一步分为脑出血组和脑梗死组,比较两组氧化应激指标的差异。结果:病例组血清SOD和T-AOC水平明显降低,MDA水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与脑梗死组相比,脑出血组血清SOD水平显著降低(P<0.05),MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05),T-AOC水平变化无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:急性脑卒中患者抗氧化能力明显降低,氧化损伤作用增强。     

Analysis of the parameters of oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson’s disease

The increasing data provides enough evidences confirming the involvement of free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide radical ( ^. O ₂ ^? ), nitric oxide (NO ^. ), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hydroxyl radicals ( ^. OH) in a number of physiological and pathological processes. Imbalance between levels of ROS resulting in the body and the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms occur oxidative stress (OS). OS is related to a number of structural and functional damages to cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington disease. Defects in oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative damage play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate some biomarkers of OS such as the level of lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) reactive products and activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the blood of PD patients compared with control group of healthy volunteers. By the present research we report higher levels of MDA products and an imbalance in SOD and CAT enzyme activities in PD patients compared to the control group.     

格雷夫斯病患者体内抗氧化状态及氧化损伤的研究

目的:观察格雷夫斯病(GD)患者体内抗氧化状态及生物大分子的氧化损伤情况。方法: 检测GD初发组和治疗组各31例患者血浆总抗氧化能力(TAC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及血浆丙二醛(MDA)和巯基(SH)含量,与31例正常对照比较;采用单细胞凝胶电泳法(SCGE)检测各组外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的DNA损伤情况(用彗星率表示)。结果: GD初发组血浆TAC、SOD、GSH-Px活性及SH含量明显低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),MDA含量及彗星率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);GD治疗组各指标明显轻于初发组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),但仍未达到对照水平。GD初发组及治疗组患者PBMC彗星率与TAC呈负相关,与MDA含量呈正相关。 结论:GD患者体内存在氧化应激及脂质、蛋白质和DNA的氧化损伤,生物大分子的氧化损伤可能参与GD的发生和发展。     

Vitamin E-bonded cellulose membrane,lipoperoxidation, and anemia in hemodialysis patients

In hemodialysis patients, oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Recently, a new dialysis multi-layer membrane has been developed, by modifying the inner surface of regenerated cellulose to support a vitamin E coating. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of hemodialysis treatment with vitamin E-modified membrane on anemia and erythropoietin requirement in a group of chronic uremic patients. Ten uremic, non diabetic, patients on standard bicarbonate dialysis were treated with vitamin E-bonded dialysis membrane for 12 months. Hematological parameters, erythropoietin requirement, serum vitamin E and serum malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated before starting the study and monthly. No significant changes in hemoglobin level, RBC count, hematocrit and EPO requirement were observed. Basal vitamin E levels were in the normal range (13.0 +/- 2.88 mg/L vs. 14.79 +/- 3.12 mg/L; NS). On the contrary, basal MDA levels were higher than those observed in the control group (1.87 +/- 0.36 vs. 1.13 +/- 0.18 mmol/mL; p < 0.01) and a significant decrease of MDA levels was found after 1 month of Excebrane treatment (1.39 +/- 0.25 nmol/mL; p < 0.02). In conclusion, the role of the "oxidative hemolysis" in the pathogenesis of anemia in CHD patients is still not clearly defined, but it could be of minor clinical relevance. Although the effectiveness of vitamin E-coated membranes as a scavenger of ROS allows a better control of intradialytic oxidative stress, it doesn't seem to contribute to clinical management of anemia in these patients.     

Study on autologous blood transfusion in hemodialysis patients

The storage period of autologous blood of hemodialysis (HD) patients was investigated with focus on the red blood cell life span. Healthy subjects, HD patients administered recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) preparation at 4,500 units/week and at 9,000 units/week were classified into 3 groups, respectively. Blood cell system and biochemical parameters were investigated at the time of collection (week 0), and weeks 1, 2 and 3 (after 21 days) in the storage. There was no significant difference in serum potassium and total bilirubin between the groups. Compared with the status in week 0, erythrocyte creatine significantly increased in weeks 2 and 3 in the normal group and EPO 4,500 group. And a significant increase in this parameter was noted in the weeks 1 and 2 in the EPO 9,000 group. Furthermore, the value demonstrated by the EPO 4,500 group was significantly higher than that in the normal group at each time point. Compared with the normal group, the value was significantly higher in week 1 in the EPO 9,000 group. However, there was no significant difference between the EPO 4,500 and EPO 9,000 groups. Concerning the transfusion of autologous blood in HD patients, the degree of hemolysis was smaller than that in the normal group. However, in view of the life span of erythrocyte creatine obtained, the duration that is shorter than that in the normal group in the first place is expected to be further curtailed during the storage period. It is assumed that the generally accepted storage period of 21-35 days in the case of autologous blood is not applicable in the case of HD patients.     

叶酸对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化酶、一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的影响

 目的: 观察叶酸对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化酶、一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的影响。方法: 40只3月龄健康雌性SD大鼠,随机分成5组:假手术组、去卵巢组、二乙基己烯雌酚(0.03 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)组、低剂量(5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)叶酸组和高剂量(20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)叶酸组。各组大鼠于术后1周开始灌胃给药,假手术组和去卵巢组给予蒸馏水,10周后,取L₅椎体和右股骨行骨密度(BMD)检测;测定血浆和骨匀浆总抗氧化能力(TAC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果: 与假手术组比较,去卵巢组大鼠L₅椎体和股骨BMD显著降低(P < 0.01),血浆GSH-Px、NO和骨匀浆TAC、GSH-Px、NOS及NO水平明显降低(P < 0.01),MDA浓度升高显著(P < 0.01);与去卵巢组大鼠比较,高剂量叶酸组大鼠L₅椎体和股骨BMD增加(P < 0.01),骨匀浆TAC、GSH-Px、NOS和NO水平升高(P < 0.01),MDA浓度降低(P < 0.01),血浆GSH-Px和NO水平升高。结论: 去卵巢大鼠体内抗氧化酶、NOS和NO水平降低,氧化应激参与了去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的发生;高剂量叶酸能提升去卵巢大鼠腰椎和股骨BMD,提高其体内抗氧化酶、NOS和NO水平,改善氧化应激,这可能是高剂量叶酸防治去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的机制之一。     

Comparison of nutritional parameters among adult and elderly hemodialysis patients

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional biochemical parameters, prealbumin levels, and bioimpedance analysis parameters of adult and elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 50 adult HD patients (42.0 % female). Nutritional status was assessed by post-dialysis multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA), serum prealbumin and other nutritional biochemical parameters.Results: Mean age of patients was 57.4±15.1 years (range: 30-83 years) and mean dialysis duration was 68.3 ± 54.5 months (range: 3-240 months). When the patients were divided into two groups according to age of patients (<65 and ≥65), prealbumin (p=0.003), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p=0.000), serum creatinine (p=0.013), albumin (p=0.016), protein catabolic rate per normalized body weight (nPCR) (p=0.001), intracellular water (ICW)/total body weight (0.003) , body fat mass (p00.000), lean body mass (p=0.031), lean dry mass (p=0.001), illness marker (p=0.005), basal metabolism (p=0.007), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.028), body fat mass index (BFMI) (p=0.000), fat free mass index (FFMI) (p=0.040) values were significantly different between the groups. In the elderly patients (age ≥65), body fat mass, illness marker, BMI, BFMI were higher compared to adult patients (age <65). Additionally, in the elderly patients, prealbumin, BUN, creatinine, albumin, nPCR, ICW/ total body weight, lean body weight, lean dry weight, basal metabolism and FFMI were lower than adult patients.Conclusions: Our results indicate that BFMI were higher, albumin, prealbumin, nPCR and lean body mass and FFMI were lower in elderly patients compared to adults. These results imply that elderly HD patients may be prone sarcopenic obesity and may require special nutritional support.     

Soluble E-cadherin is associated with oxidative stress in patients with chronic HBV infection

Mounting evidence indicates that serum soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) serves as an important player in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the crosstalk between serum sE-cadherin and oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains to be illustrated. The main purpose of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of sE-cadherin in CHB virus infection. Levels of serum sE-cadherin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total oxidant activity (TOA), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), from 51 patients with hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB, 54 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB, and 109 healthy individuals were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In our study, patients with CHB showed significantly higher serum sE-cadherin levels than healthy individuals (P < .01). Furthermore, we also found that the serum sE-cadherin levels were significantly negatively correlated with TAC, antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD) in patients with CHB, and that serum sE-cadherin concentrations were significantly positively correlated with liver enzyme markers (alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase) and oxidative markers (TOA, NOX2, and MDA) in patients with CHB. Therefore, serum sE-cadherin may act as a new candidate biomarker for reflecting inflammation and oxidative stress status in the development and progression of hepatitis B virus infection.     

Oxidative stress and quality of life in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: are there differences after six months of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure treatment?

OBJECTIVES:

This study evaluated the effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure treatment on oxidative stress parameters and the quality of life of elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

METHODS:

In total, 30 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients and 27 subjects without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were included in this study. Both groups underwent quality of life and oxidative stress evaluations at baseline and after six months. Polysomnography was performed in both groups at baseline and a second time in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group after six months of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure treatment. All of the variables were compared between the control and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome groups in this prospective case-control study.

RESULTS:

The baseline concentrations of the antioxidant enzyme catalase were higher in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group than the control group. After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure treatment, the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group exhibited a reduction in the level of oxidative stress, as indicated by a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation measured by the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration [pre: 2.7 nmol malondialdehyde/mL (95% 1.6-3.7) vs. post: 1.3 nmol MDA/mL (0.7-1.9), p<0.01]. Additionally, improvements were observed in two domains covered by the SF-36 questionnaire: functional capacity [pre: 77.4 (69.2-85.5) vs. post: 83.4 (76.9-89.9), p = 0.002] and pain [pre: 65.4 (52.8-78.1) vs. post: 77.8 (67.2-88.3), p = 0.004].

CONCLUSION:

Our study demonstrated that the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure to treat obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in elderly patients reduced oxidative stress and improved the quality of life.