阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆食欲素A水平的变化及意义

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆食欲素A的变化及意义。方法选择OSAHS并肥胖患者30例(OSAHS组)、单纯肥胖者30例(单纯肥胖组)和健康成人20名(正常对照组)。其中OSAHS组和单纯肥胖组的体重指数(BMI)均≥25kg/m2且差异无统计学意义。所有受试者均接受多导睡眠仪监测,采用层析及放射免疫法测定血浆食欲素A的水平。结果OSAHS组血浆食欲素A水平[(9.0±1.8)ng/L]显著高于单纯肥胖组[(7.2±1.4)ng/L,P<0.01]及正常对照组[(6.7±1.6)ng/L,P<0.01]。OSAHS组血浆食欲素A水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、微觉醒指数(arousalindex)呈正相关(r=0.639、0.435,P均<0.05),与最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)、平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)呈负相关(r=-0.521、-0.589,P均<0.01)。OSAHS组及单纯肥胖组血浆食欲素A水平与BMI无相关性(r=0.132,P>0.05)。结论OSAHS患者血浆食欲素A水平升高,其原因可能与患者夜间反复发作性低氧有关,且食欲素A在调节睡眠觉醒的过程中可能发挥了重要的作用。     

Plasma orexin-A levels in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Orexin and orexin receptors are present in the CNS. The effects of orexin peptides have been uniformly reported as excitatory, and the posterior hypothalamus containing orexin neurons has been implicated in arousal state control. Therefore, it is probable that the orexin system may have a neuromodulatory effect on arousal states. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between plasma orexin-A levels and arousals from sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). DESIGN: An analysis was conducted in 30 male patients with OSAHS, which had been diagnosed by polysomnography by the presence of an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of > 5, and 20 male age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects. RESULTS: Plasma orexin-A levels were higher in patients with OSAHS compared with those in control subjects (p < 0.05). Plasma orexin-A levels correlated positively, but weakly, with the arousal index (r = 0.51; p < 0.05) and the AHI (r = 0.52; p < 0.05). However, plasma orexin-A levels did not relate to age, BMI, Epworth sleepiness scale, PaO(2), PaCO(2), minimum arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) during sleep, or mean SaO(2) during sleep. Plasma orexin-A levels can be a measure of both AHI and arousal index. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the orexin system may be involved in arousal mechanisms in patients with OSAHS.     

Clinical significance of daytime plasma orexin-A-like immunoreactivity concentrations in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND: Polysomnography (PSG) tests are very complicated and time consuming, despite their clinical benefits in the diagnosis of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). A plasma marker would be desirable to select patients suspected of OSAHS for further PSG studies. We have recently reported that orexin-A concentrations in plasma collected immediately after waking early in the morning were significantly lower in patients with OSAHS than in controls. OBJECTIVES: We conducted the present study to assess the clinical usefulness of the measurement of orexin-A concentrations in plasma obtained in the daytime as a diagnostic predictor to screen patients with OSAHS. METHODS: Blood samples were collected in the daytime from 19 male patients with suspected sleep-disordered breathing. Plasma orexin-A concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay before performing PSG. RESULTS: PSG was conducted in all 19 subjects. PSG showed that 14 subjects had OSAHS and 5 subjects did not. Plasma orexin-A concentrations were significantly lower in patients with OSAHS (4.9 +/- 0.8 pmol/l, mean +/- SE, n = 14) than in control subjects (12.3 +/- 1.9 pmol/l, n = 5) (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the orexin-A concentration in plasma obtained even in the daytime may be a useful plasma marker for screening OSAHS.     

血浆同型半胱氨酸在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并心血管疾病中的意义探讨

目的 初步探讨同型半胱氨酸(HCY)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)并心血管疾病(CVD)中的意义.方法 单纯鼾症组15例、单纯OSAHS组42例及OSAHS合并CVD组37例.行睡眠呼吸监测,检测血浆HCY、血脂.OSAHS组30例、OSAHS+CVD组24例进行nCPAP治疗,3个月后比较两组治疗前后睡眠呼吸紊乱、HCY水平变化.结果 ①单纯鼾症组、OSAHS组、OSAHS+CVD组HCY值渐升高,P<0.05.各组间TC、TG、VLDL水平不同,但两两比较差异不全有意义.②相关分析显示AHI及RIT与HCY关系最密切,相关系数r分别为0.899、0.835.③经nCPAP治疗后,OSAHS组、OSAHS+CVD组睡眠呼吸紊乱得到改善,血浆HCY浓度较治疗前下降,P<0.05.结论 OSAHS患者HCY水平升高,HCY可能进一步参与心血管疾病的发生发展过程.nCPAP治疗可降低HCY水平.     

神经肽Y与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征所致高血压的相关性

目的 初步探讨神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)所致高血压的病理生理过程中的意义.方法 实验1.随机选择OSAHS患者31例,正常对照组30人,所有受试者均接受整夜多导睡眠图监测并于晨起前测量右上肢肱动脉血压,检测血浆NPY水平.分析两组受试者睡眠呼吸紊乱指数、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)与NPY浓度的关系.实验2.选择患者26例给予经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)治疗3个月后复查多导睡眠图、平均动脉压、血浆NPY浓度.比较治疗前后患者的呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(MinSpO2)、夜间血氧饱和度低于90%时间百分比(T-SaO2＜90%)、MAP与血浆NPY浓度的变化.结果 OSAHS患者组MAP、血浆NPY浓度较正常对照组显著升高(P＜0.01),且血浆NPY水平与MAP呈正相关(P＜0.01).经过3个月nCPAP治疗,患者MAP及血浆NPY浓度均有下降(P＜0.01).且MAP下降幅度、血浆NPY下降幅度均与AHI下降幅度呈正相关(P值分别为0.042,0.006),且MAP下降幅度与血浆NPY下降幅度亦呈正相关(P=0.034).所有实验对象NPY、MAP与AHI、T-SaO2＜90%均呈正相关,与MinSpO2呈负相关(P值均＜0.01).MAP与NPY呈正相关(P＜0.01).逐步回归方程为:NPY＝2.229×AHI-2.928×MinSpO2+1.729×MAP+279.321.结论 OSAHS可引起血浆NPY浓度的升高.NPY与OSAHS所致血压升高的发生、发展有关.有效治疗OSAHS可以预防或减缓OSAHS所致高血压的发生、发展.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血栓素B26-酮-前列腺素F1α和抗心磷脂抗体检测的临床研究

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-K-PGF1α)和抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)的变化及经鼻持续正压通气(nCPAP)对其影响.方法选择经多导睡眠图(PSG)确诊的OSAHS患者60例为试验组,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(SaO2min)将OSAHS患者分为轻、中重度组,并设正常对照组20名,19例重度OSAHS患者接受nCPAP治疗为治疗组,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组TXB2、6-K-PGF1α和ACA,比较各试验组与对照组,治疗组治疗前、后的各项指标的差异. 结果 (1)中重度OSAHS组血浆TXB2显著高于对照组(P<0.01),nCPAP治疗后比治疗前明显下降(P<0.001);中重度OSAHS组血清抗心磷脂抗体IgG和IgM(ACA-IgG、ACA-IgM)显著高于对照组(P<0.01),nCPAP治疗后比治疗前明显下降(P<0.001);中重度OSAHS组血浆6-K-PGF1α显著低于对照组(P<0.01),nCPAP治疗后比治疗前明显升高(P<0.001);(2)TXB2、ACA与AHI呈正相关,与SaO2 呈负相关(P<0.001);而6-K-PGF1α与AHI呈负相关,与SaO2呈正相关(P<0.001). 结论 OSAHS患者易患血栓栓塞性疾病.TXB2、6-K-PGF1α和ACA在OSAHS患者血栓栓塞性疾病高发病率中起重要作用,并与夜间低氧血症密切相关;nCPAP治疗可有效逆转上述改变.     

经鼻气道持续正压通气对OSAHS患者夜尿次数变化的影响

目的：探讨经鼻气道持续正压通气(nCPAP)对 OSAHS患者夜尿次数增多的改善作用。方法选择2014年6月至2016年5月夜尿次数增多的中重度 OSAHS 患者74例,其中中度[15次/h≤呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)<30次/h]14例、重度(30次/h≤AHI<60次/h)31例和极重度(AHI≥60次/h)29例,进行 Auto-nCPAP滴定、记录 n-CPAP滴定当晚平均压力及治疗前后夜尿次数,并对其结果进行统计学处理。结果 OSAHS 患者夜尿次数与 AHI、ESS 评分、夜间最低血氧饱和度(LSpO2)相关(r=0.728、0.435、-0.293,P 值均<0.05),且随着 AHI 增大,夜尿次数逐渐增多;nCPAP治疗后夜尿次数明显减少,3组治疗前后P值均<0.001,且当晚 nCPAP 压力与夜尿次数呈正相关(r=0.503,P<0.001),nCPAP压力<9 cmH2 O 患者夜尿次数明显比 nCPAP压力≥9 cmH2O 组少,差异有统计学意义(1.30±1.10 vs 2.56±1.50,t=-3.999,P <0.001)。结论 nCPAP能改善 OSAHS患者夜间多尿症状,其治疗压力越低患者夜尿次数越少。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血小板活化和纤溶活性的研究

目的　探讨血小板活化、凝血激活和继发纤溶亢进在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)发生发展中的作用及经鼻持续气道正压通气 (nCPAP)对其影响。方法　选择经多导睡眠图 (PSG)确诊的OSAHS患者 5 8例为实验组 ,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(SaO2 min)将OSAHS患者分轻、中、重组 ,并设正常对照组 2 0例 ,11例重度OSAHS患者接受nCPAP治疗为治疗组 ,用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法检测各组血浆α 颗粒膜蛋白 (GMP 14 0 )、血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)和D 二聚体 ,比较各实验组与对照组 ,治疗组治疗前后的各项指标的差异。　结果(1)中、重度OSAHS患者组血浆GMP 14 0、GPⅡb/Ⅲa和D 二聚体均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,nCPAP治疗后比治疗前明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;(2 )GMP 14 0、GPⅡb/Ⅲa和D 二聚体与AHI呈正相关 ,与最低SaO2 呈负相关 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　中、重度OSAHS患者存在血小板活化、凝血激活和继发纤溶亢进 ,其在OSAHS患者心脑血管栓塞性并发症高发病率中起重要作用 ,并与夜间低氧血症密切相关 ;nCPAP治疗可有效逆转上述改变。     

福州城镇男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睾酮水平研究

目的 研究福州城镇男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的血清睾酮水平及经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗对OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平的影响.方法 182例入选者经多导睡眠监测,按年龄分25～45岁、46～65岁两层,再按睡眠呼吸紊乱严重程度进行分组:分别为正常对照组(20例、21例)、单纯性鼾症组(14例、13例)、轻度OSAHS组(21例、17例)、中度OSAHS组(19例、19例)、重度OSAHS组(18例、20例).在多导睡眠监测次晨抽取外周静脉血用电化学发光法测定血清睾酮.对比正常对照组、单纯性鼾症组、OSAHS组间睾酮水平的差异,分析睾酮水平与睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)、体质量指数(BMI)之间的相关性.开展nCPAP干预实验,对接受/未接受nCPAP治疗的中重度OSANS患者随访3个月,复查多导睡眠监测及血清睾酮指标.结果 ①正常对照组与单纯性鼾症组2组间血清睾酮差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).OSAHS组血清睾酮较正常对照组及单纯性鼾症组低.②睾酮与AHI、BMI、年龄均呈负相关(r=-0.589,P＜0.01;r=-0.225;P＜0.05;r=-0.454,P＜0.01),睾酮与最低SaO2呈正相关(r=0.459,P＜0.01).③中重度OSAHS患者中,接受nCPAP治疗者随访3个月后,血清睾酮水平升高(P＜0.01).未接受nCPAP治疗者随访3个月后,血清睾酮水平无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 ①OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平低,血清睾酮水平与AHI、BMI呈负相关.②OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平随年龄增加而降低.③nCPAP治疗可改善OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the testosterone levels in Fuzhou urban male patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and impact of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment. Methods Following polysomnographic examination, 182 sbjucts were assigned to 25-45years and 46-65years two groups. Each group consist of:control group(20,21 case), simple snores(14,13case), mild OSAHS(21,17case) ,moderate OSAHS(19,19 case),and severe OSAHS (18,20case). The serum level of testosterone was measured after sleep at the polysomnographic examination night. Of 76 patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, 29 patients who underwent nCPAP therapy were set as "nCPAP group" ,47 patients who did not undergo nCPAP therapy were set as "control group". 10 patients were excluded from further follow-up. The assessment protocol was then repeated after 3 months follow-up. Results ①There were no statistically significant differences of the serum level of testosterone between simple snores and control group. The serum level of testosterone was significantly lower in OSAHS patient. ② Liner regression analysis showed the serum level of testosterone was negatively correlated with AHI, BMI, year( r = -0.589, P ＜0. 01; r = -0.225, P ＜0.05; r = - 0.454, P＜0. 01), testosterone was correlated with SaO2 ( r =0.459, P ＜0.01). ③After 3 months nCPAP therapy in OSAHS patients, the serum level of testosterone was significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.01). While there were no similar changes in OSAHS patients without nCPAP therapy( P >0. 05). Conclusions ①OSAHS patients have lower level of testosterone. The serum level of testosterone was negatively correlated with AHI,BMI. ②As the age older,the serum level of testosterone lower in OSAHS patients. ③The serum level of testosterone could be improved by nCPAP therapy in OSAHS patients.     

气道正压通气治疗高血压伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OS-AHS)患者,以评价该疗法对血压和睡眠呼吸监测参数的影响。方法临床确诊合并OSAHS的高血压患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在给予常规药物(抗高血压药、抗动脉硬化药物)治疗的同时进行nCPAP治疗,对照组仅给予常规药物治疗。30天后,观察两组治疗前后血压、睡眠呼吸监测参数变化。结果高血压合并OSAHS患者共60例,治疗组和对照组各30例;治疗后治疗组的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、心率(HR)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最长呼吸暂停时间和最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(SpO2min),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);部分患者降压药物减量或停用,仅用nCPAP治疗就能维持正常血压。结论nCPAP是非药物治疗合并OSAHS高血压患者的一种安全有效方法。     

Corrected QT dispersion and cardiac sympathetic function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Hypoxemia increases corrected QT dispersion (QTcD), which is the difference between the maximum and minimum QT intervals and is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the QTcD in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and the relationship between the QTcD and (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac imaging, which reflects cardiac sympathetic activity. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENTS: Forty-eight OSAHS patients without cardiac diseases (mean [+/- SD] age, 45.9 +/- 10.8 years; apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] 51.9 +/- 18.5 events per hour) who underwent polysomnography before treatment and on the first night of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment. METHODS: Before and after nCPAP treatment was started, we measured the QTcD with computer software, before, during, and after sleep, as well as the washout rate of the MIBG administered for cardiac imaging. As a control, QTcD was also measured in the morning from 26 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Before treatment, the mean QTcD during sleep (65.0 +/- 14.6 ms) was greater than that before sleep (57.0 +/- 13.5 ms; p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, after 1 night of nCPAP therapy, the QTcD during sleep (50.6 +/- 11.4 ms) decreased from that before treatment (p < 0.0001) and was smaller than the QTcD before sleep (56.2 +/- 13.3 ms; p = 0.003). Before treatment, the QTcD during sleep correlated with the AHI (r = 0.38; p = 0.009) and the percentage of time that SaO(2) was < 90% (SaO(2) < 90% time) [r = 0.34; p = 0.018]. The QTcD did not correlate with the body mass index or the washout rate of MIBG. However, the washout rate of MIBG correlated with the AHI and the SaO(2) < 90% time. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal QTcD is increased in OSAHS patients but is decreased by nCPAP therapy independently of cardiac sympathetic function.     

Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in the Serum of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea Syndrome

Serum cell-free DNA concentrations have been reported to increase in many acute diseases as well as in some chronic conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to examine whether serum DNA concentrations were elevated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on serum DNA were also investigated. One hundred twenty-seven people diagnosed with OSAHS by polysomnography (PSG) were admitted into the OSAHS group, and 52 subjects without OSAHS were recruited for the control group. The OSAHS group was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe OSAHS subgroups based on their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) during sleep. Ten patients with moderate and severe OSAHS were treated with nCPAP. Serum DNA, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured and were found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate and severe OSAHS groups than those in the mild OSAHS and control groups (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that serum DNA correlated positively with AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), IL-6, and MDA, and negatively correlated with minimal oxygen saturation (miniSaO₂) (all p < 0.05). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, only MDA and miniSaO₂ were suggested as significant independent predictors for the serum DNA concentrations. After 6 months of nCPAP therapy, serum concentrations of DNA, IL-6, and MDA were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The increasing concentration of serum DNA in patients with OSAHS was positively correlated with disease severity. Serum DNA may become an important parameter for monitoring the severity of OSAHS and effectiveness of therapy.     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者持续气道正压通气治疗前后微觉醒的变化及意义

目的探讨微觉醒的发生机制、临床意义及其在睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患诊断治疗中的应用价值。方法270例打鼾者均按国际标准方法进行多导睡眠呼吸监测（PSG）,据此计算睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、睡眠潜伏期(SL)、每小时氧减饱和度4%以上的次数(ODI4)及每小时微觉醒的次数(MAI)。其中28例患者应用持续气道正压通气(CPAP)同时复查PSG,在治疗前后均填写Epworth睡眠问卷(ESS)以评价患者嗜睡的改善程度。结果270例鼾症患者中,247例符合睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)的诊断,其AHI、ODI4、MAI及SL平均值分别为(43±27)次/h,(44±23)次/h,(29±16)次/h,(12±17)分。AHI与MAI,ODI4与MAI均呈正相关(r均为0.38,P均<0.001)。MAI与SL显著负相关(r=-0.15,P=0.02),AHI与SL、ODI4与SL均无相关性(r分别为-0.09,-0.02,P均>0.1)。经CPAP治疗,28例患者的呼吸暂停基本消失,ODI4由(48±25)次/h降至(4±9)次/h,MAI由(27±18)次/h减至(15±9)次/h,主观(ESS)及客观(SL)评价均显示白天嗜睡改善。结论应用专门的计算机软件辅助分析SAHS患者睡眠状态下的脑电变化,可以判读最短持续时间达3秒的微觉醒。MAI可以作为白天嗜睡的重要指标,在SAHS诊断和CPAP疗效判断方面与AHI具有互补性。     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠结构的影响

目的 评价经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠结构的影响.方法 87例经多导睡眠图(PSG)诊断的OSAHS患者接受nCPAP和PSG监测,分析患者nCPAP治疗前、治疗中睡眠结构和病情严重度指标的改变.结果 患者在nCPAP治疗过程中睡眠结构和病情严重度指标发生明显改善,呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)由(54.45±28.85)次/h减至(8.11±13.41)次/h(F=184.528,P<0.001).最低血氧饱和度从(64.33±14.73)%升高至(75.08±15.52)%(F=21.948,P<0.001);平均血氧饱和度自(88.19±6.80)%升高为(91.99±3.87)%(F=20.469,P<0.001).I期睡眠占睡眠总时间的比率由(22.63土20.95)%减至(18.56±16.92)%,快动眼睡眠期比率自(13.28±10.25)%升高至(16.07±9.87)%,但均无统计学意义(F=1.984,P=0.161;F=3.347,P=0.069).Ⅱ期睡眠占睡眠总时间比率由(58.84±22.87)%减至(48.67±19.57)%(F=9.947,P=0.002).Ⅲ、Ⅳ期睡眠(慢波睡眠)从(6.29±7.16)%增至(17.01±9.84)%(F=67.511,P<0.001).结论 nCPAP改善OSAHS患者AHI、血氧饱和度的同时改善睡眠结构,主要增加患者的慢波睡眠,有明显即刻效应.     

nCPAP通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并冠心病内皮功能的影响

目的探讨经鼻持续气道正压（nCPAP）通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并冠心病内皮功能的影响。方法选OSAHS（OSAHS组）、冠心病（冠心病组）、OSAHS合并冠心病（OSAHS合并冠心病组）及对照（对照组）者各20例,行多导睡眠图监测,计算平均脉搏血氧饱和度（MSpO2）、SpO2≤90％的累积时间占总睡眠时间百分比（C190）;对OSAHS、OSAHS合并冠心病者行nCPAP通气治疗,观察MSpO2、CT90的变化。测4组受试者血清NO、血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）水平。结果（1）logistic回归分析显示,OSAHS是冠心病发生的重要原因之一。（2）与对照组和冠心病组相比,OSAHS组、OSAHS合并冠心病组CT90、ET-1升高,MSpO2、NO下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。OSAHS合并冠心病组与OSAHS组相比,C190、MSpO2差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;但ET-1高于后者,NO低于后者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（3）OSAHS组NO水平与MSpO2呈正相关,与CT90呈负相关;ET-1水平与MSpO2呈负相关,与C190呈正相关。（4）nCPAP通气治疗后,OSAHS组、OSAHS合并冠心病组MSpO2、NO较治疗前均升高,C190、ET-1均降低（P〈0．01）。结论OSAHS是冠心病的重要危险因素之一。OSAHS可引起内皮功能不全,OSAHS合并冠心病时内皮功能损害更显著,血管内皮功能的损害可能是OSAHS形成或加重冠心病的机制之一。nCPAP通气治疗可改善OSAHS患者血管内皮功能,与夜间低氧血症的改善相关。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者胰岛素抵抗临床分析

目的:探讨高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者发生胰岛素抵抗(IR)情况。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选择高血压患者93例,根据多导睡眠仪监测的结果,将合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者42例作为睡眠呼吸暂停组,单纯高血压患者51例作为高血压组,所入选的患者均行血生化检查。结果:(1)睡眠呼吸暂停组的收缩压、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、颈围、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、空腹血糖(FPG)、2h血糖(2hPG)、空腹血胰岛素(FIns)和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均高于高血压组(P<0.05);(2)睡眠呼吸暂停组的呼吸暂停或低通气次数、呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间、AHI、平均血氧饱和度、夜间平均血氧饱和度、血氧饱和度<90%时间、血氧饱和度<90%缺氧事件总数、睡眠期间血氧饱和度<90%的时间占睡眠时间百分比均高于高血压组(P<0.01);(3)Pearson相关分析显示,IR与TC、TG、FIns、FPG、2hPG、体质量、BMI、颈围、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、呼吸暂停或低通气次数、呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间、AHI、血氧饱和度<90%时间和血氧饱和度<90%缺氧事件总数呈正相关,IR与夜间平均血氧饱和度呈负相关;(4)以IR为因变量行多元线性逐步回归分析,FIns、FPG、腰围和呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间是IR的独立影响因素。结论:高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的糖代谢异常和夜间缺氧可能参与IR。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆白细胞介素-18水平与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆IL-18水平与动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 选取就诊的男性OSAHS患者52例,年龄26～77岁,分为轻度组16例,中度组18例,重度组18例,另选对照组18例.对其中OSAHS组中20例中重度患者进行持续气道内正压(CPAP)治疗,并检测颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT),测定血浆白细胞介素-18(IL-18)的水平.采用方差分析、配对t检验及Pearson相关分析进行统计学处理.结果 轻度、中度和重度OSAHS组的IL-18水平分别为(352±76)ng/L、(600±84)ng/L和(798±110)ng/L,均明显高于对照组的(250±76)ng/L,且OSAHS各组间均有明显差别.重度OSAHS组颈动脉IMT较对照组和轻度OSAHS组明显增厚.血浆IL-18水平与颈动脉IMT、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.486、0.865,P均＜0.001),与最低脉搏氧饱和度呈显著负相关(r=-0.664,P＜0.001).CPAP治疗后OSAHS患者血浆IL-18水平明显降低,颈动脉IMT未见明显改变.结论 OSAHS患者颈动脉IMT增厚,血浆IL-18水平升高,两者密切相关.血浆IL-18水平升高与OSAHS严重程度相关,OSAHS相关炎症反应可能与动脉粥样硬化的进程相关.CPAP治疗能够改善患者AHI和最低脉搏氧饱和度,降低血浆IL-18水平.     

Decreased plasma levels of orexin-A in sleep apnea

BACKGROUND: Orexin-A, also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide implicated in appetite and sleep regulation. Because the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness, we hypothesized that orexin-A levels may be abnormal in patients with OSAS. Further, since treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with OSAS is very effective in normalizing daytime sleepiness, we also hypothesized that the chronic use of CPAP may influence plasma levels of orexin-A in these patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma levels of orexin-A in patients with OSAS and the effect of CPAP treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared the plasma levels of orexin-A in 13 healthy controls, 27 untreated patients with OSAS and 14 patients treated with CPAP during at least 1 year (4.5 +/- 0.5 h/night; mean +/- SEM). All patients had severe OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index, 57 +/- 4 h(-1)). Results: Orexin-A plasma levels were significantly lower in untreated (9.4 +/- 1.9 pg.ml(-1), p < 0.01) and treated patients with OSAS (4.2 +/- 1.5 pg.ml(-1), p < 0.001) than in healthy subjects (20.6 +/- 4.5 pg.ml(-1)). In untreated patients, orexin-A levels were not significantly related to daytime somnolence assessed by Epworth scale (r = -0.18, p = 0.37) or the body mass index (r = -0.13, p = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: Orexin-A plasma levels are abnormally low in patients with OSAS, independently of the level of somnolence and/or presence of obesity. These results suggest that these low orexin-A levels may be related to the pathogenesis of OSAS.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血尿酸变化的临床意义

目的:了解不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血尿酸水平的变化,并分析二者之间的相关性。方法:选择我院2007年3月至2009年7月就诊的OSAHS患者80例,根据睡眠监测得出的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度OSAHS组(5次/h≤AHI≤20次/h,27例)、中度OSAHS组(20次/h40次/h,34例)和对照组(AHI<5次/h,20例);观察各组年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、血清胆固醇、甘油三脂、血糖、尿酸及睡眠各项指标变化,比较3组间各观察指标的差异;对OSAHS组血清尿酸水平与AHI、最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(LSpO2)和氧减<90%的时间T90进行相关性分析。结果:组间年龄及性别相比差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。轻、中度OSAHS组血尿酸水平分别为(365.30±92.37)μmol/L,(374.63±78.17)μmol/L均高于对照组(336.82±74.08)μmol/L,但差异无统计学意义;重度OSAHS组血清尿酸水平(440.26±92.14)μmol/L与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);OSAHS组血清尿酸水平与AHI、T90呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.441、0.309,P均<0.001)与LSpO2呈负相关(r值为-0.370,P<0.001)。结论:OSAHS患者中血清尿酸水平随着AHI的增加和缺氧程度的加重而增高,并与AHI、T90及LSpO2有较强的相关性。提示OSAHS患者反复发作低氧血症可能是心血管病高发的另一个原因。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者高敏C反应蛋白的研究

目的：研究高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平及其意义。方法：287例男性高血压患者进行多导睡眠图监测,据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）分为单纯高血压组（EH组,45例）,轻度OSAHS合并高血压组（轻度OSAHS组,76例）,中度OSAHS合并高血压组（中度OSAHS组,80例）,重度OSAHS合并高血压组（重度OSAHS组,86例）。测定各组患者血清hs-CRP浓度并进行比较。结果：（1）OSAHS轻度、中度、重度3组的AHI依次显著高于EH组,且各组两两比较均有显著差异（P〈0.05）;（2）与EH组比较,OSAHS 3组的hs-CRP水平显著高于EH组,重度组的hs-CRP水平显著高于轻度、中度组的[hs-CRP水平经对数转换后分别为：EH组为1.737,轻度OSAHS组为1.957,中度OS-AHS组为1.963,重度OSAHS组为2.179]（P均〈0.05）;（3）EH组,OSAHS轻度、中度、重度组的最低血氧饱和度依次下降,分别为（86.5±2.96）%,（82.64±3.16）%,（76.33±10.4）%,（68.2±10.65）%,组间两两比较,P均〈0.05;4、多元线性回归分析显示,AHI（B=0.006,P〈0.01）、体重指数（B=0.026,P=0.036）是影响高血压合并OSAHS患者血清hs-CRP水平的重要因素。结论：高血压合并重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者高敏C反应蛋白水平进一步升高,高敏C反应蛋白水平与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征严重程度相关。