血管生成抑制剂SU6668对SCID鼠胃癌生长和转移抑制的作用

目的研究血管生成抑制剂SU6668对胃癌生长和转移的抑制作用。方法完整组织块SCID鼠胃壁原位种植,建立类似于临床的胃癌转移模型。将裸鼠48只随机分为4组,每组12只。移植后第7天开始,分别自腹腔注射生理盐水(对照组)、氟尿嘧啶(5-FU组)、SU6668制剂(SU6668组)、5-FU和SU6668制剂联合应用(5-FU加SU6668组),每日1次。共6周。种植后第8周末处死动物。原位肿瘤切除称重,计算抑瘤率、测定肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)和细胞凋亡指数(AI),并检查转移情况,计算转移抑制率。结果对照组、5-FU组、SU6668组和5-FU加SU6668组的抑瘤率分别为0、47．5%、64．1%和69．2%；MVD分别为13．4±5．4、11．6±5．1、6．6±3．1和4．8±2．9；AI分别为3．67±2．93、6．52±4．19、9．25±5．11和14．83±7．95；肝转移抑制率分别为0、25%、62．5%和74．9%；腹膜转移抑制率分别为0、19．9%、69．9%和90%。SU6668组和5-FU加SU6668组胃癌生长和转移受到明显抑制,以5-FU加SU6668联用组效果最明显。结论SU6668对胃癌生长和转移有明显抑制作用,与5-FU联用可起协同抑制作用。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长抑制作用与死亡相关蛋白3的关系

目的观察肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长抑制作用,探讨死亡相关蛋白3(DAP3)与其的关系。方法建立人胃癌细胞株BGC-823裸鼠移植瘤模型；观察不同剂量的TRAIL(0、1、5、10mg/kg体重)对移植瘤的生长抑制作用；流式细胞仪测定细胞周期及凋亡情况；Western blot和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测DAP3蛋白和DAP3 mR- NA表达情况。结果5 mg/kg体重和10 mg/kg体重两组的瘤重分别为(2．57±0．35)g和(2．49±0．26)g,均低于1 mg/kg体重组(3．23±0．32)g和对照组(3．57±0．47)g,前两组的细胞增殖指数分别为(36．69±5．16)%和(39．69±6．13)%,低于对照组(48 06±6．99)%；Western blot和RT- PCR法分别测得前两组中DAP3蛋白和mRNA的表达高于1 mg/kg体重组和对照组。结论TRAIL可有效抑制裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长,其作用机制可能与诱导DAP3表达有关。     

SU6668抑制结肠癌生长和转移的实验研究

目的研究血管生成抑制剂SU6 6 6 8对结肠癌生长和转移的抑制作用。方法建立人结肠癌裸鼠原位种植转移模型。将荷瘤鼠 4 8只随机分为四组 ,每组 12只。种植 1周后开始 ,分别自腹腔注射生理盐水 (对照组 )、5 氟脲嘧啶 (5 Fu组 )、SU6 6 6 8制剂 (SU6 6 6 8组 )、5 Fu与SU6 6 6 8联合应用(5 Fu +SU6 6 6 8组 ) ,每天 1次 ,共用 5周。种植后第 6周末处死动物 ,测量原位肿瘤瘤重、抑瘤率、肿瘤微血管密度 (MVD)、结肠癌细胞凋亡指数 (AI) ,观察癌细胞转移及腹水出现情况。结果对照组、5 Fu组、SU6 6 6 8组、5 Fu +SU6 6 6 8组抑瘤率分别为 0、4 2 6 %、80 9%、87 2 % ;MVD分别为 (13 8± 5 2 )、(12 3± 4 5 )、(2 4± 1 5 )、(0 9± 0 5 ) ;AI分别为 (3 6± 2 4 ) %、(7 1± 5 7) %、(11 9± 3 9) %、(19 9±8 6 ) % ;腹膜转移率分别为 10 0 %、4 5 5 %、16 7%、0 ;肝转移率分别为 75 0 %、36 4 %、16 7%、0。故SU6 6 6 8组、5 Fu +SU6 6 6 8组结肠癌生长和转移受到明显抑制 (P <0 0 5 ) ,尤以 5 Fu +SU6 6 6 8组最明显(P <0 0 5 )。结论SU6 6 6 8对结肠癌生长和转移具有较强的抑制作用 ,与传统腹腔化疗药物联用可起协同抑制作用。     

苏拉明对裸鼠原位种植人胃癌生长和肝转移的抑制作用

目的 :研究苏拉明 (Suramin)对裸鼠原位种植人胃癌生长和肝转移的抑制作用 ,并探讨其对胃癌细胞凋亡的影响。方法 :建立裸鼠原位种植胃癌生长与转移裸鼠模型。随机分为 4组。种植后第 1周开始 ,分别自腹腔注射生理盐水 (对照组 )、5 -氟脲嘧啶 (30mg/kg·d ,5 -FU组 )、Suramin制剂 (15mg/kg·d ,Suramin组 )、5 -FU与Suramin联合应用 (5 -FU30mg/kg·d ,Suramin 15mg/kg·d ,5 -FU加Suramin组 ) ,每天一次 ,共用 6周。种植后第7周处死动物 ,测量原位肿瘤瘤重、抑瘤率、肿瘤微血管密度 (MVD)、胃癌细胞凋亡指数 (AI) ,观察肿瘤细胞肝转移情况。结果 :对照组、5 -FU组、Suramin组和 5 -FU加Suramin组的原位肿瘤瘤重分别为 1.32 g± 0 .37g、0 .71g±0 .34g、0 .36 g± 0 .15 g和 0 .18g± 0 .11g ;抑瘤率分别为 0 %、46 .2 %、72 .7%和 85 .6 %;肝转移率分别为 91.7%、33.3%、16 .7%和 0 %。MVD分别为 13.7± 5 .6、11.8± 4.2、4.1± 2 .3和 1.8± 1.2 ;AI分别为 3.14%± 1.95 %、7.2 3%± 3.87%、10 .15 %± 3.94%和 18.13%± 9.75 %。与对照组相比 ,5 -FU组、Suramin组加 5 -FU加Suramin组胃癌生长和肝转移受到明显抑制 (P     

重组人内皮抑素联合应用5氟脲嘧啶对胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的影响

目的探讨重组人内皮抑素(recombinant human endostatin,rhES)与5氟脲嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)联合应用对胃癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用.方法建立胃癌异位移植BALB/C裸鼠模型,分为4组,每组6只.分别注射生理盐水,腹腔内注射5-FU(10 mg/kg),rhES组瘤周注射rhES(2 mg/kg)同时给予5-FU与rhES,每天1次,连用10 d.计算肿瘤体积、抑瘤率及肿瘤缩小率,检测肿瘤组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)、Ⅷ因子相关抗原(FⅧAg)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、bcl-2表达及肿瘤细胞凋亡指数(AI).结果rhES+5-FU组肿瘤体积为(43±2)mm3,5-FU组为(169±45)mm3,rhES组为(95±28)mm3,对照组为(1057±114)mm3(P＜0.01).抑瘤率为99.6%,肿瘤缩小率为98.2%.用药前rhES+5-FU组肿瘤体积为(207±50)mm3,比5-FU组与rhES组下降更迅速(P＜0.01).rhES+5-FU组与5-FU组VEGF、bFGF及VEGF-C表达强度均为0～+;rhES+5-FU组PCNA及bcl-2表达最弱;rhES+5-FU组AI为11.7±1.1,5-FU组为6.2±0.6,rhES组为5.8±0.8,对照组为2.4±0.6(P＜0.01).微血管密度在rhES+5-FU组为8.9±2.5,rhES组为10.0±1.5,均低于5-FU组(27.3±1.7)与对照组(29.9±2.3)(P＜0.01).结论联合应用5-FU及rhES能显著抑制胃癌血管生成,增加肿瘤细胞凋亡,使胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的肿瘤体积明显缩小.     

α—干扰素和全反式维甲酸对肝癌根治性切除术后复发转移？…

目的　研究α 干扰素 (IFN α)和全反式维甲酸 (ATRA)联合应用对肝癌根治性切除术后复发转移的抑制作用。方法　选用原位接种人肝癌裸鼠转移模型 ,于不同时间切除移植瘤后联合应用不同剂量的IFN α和ATRA ,治疗 5周后处死动物 ,测量复发瘤大小 ,观察转移情况。结果　 7d切除 ,对照组肺转移率、肝内复发瘤大小、播散灶数目分别为 10 0 %、(6 4.74± 9.0 5 )mm3、(2 .5 0±0 .85 )个 ,治疗组为 6 6 .7%、(2 .73± 1.76 )mm3(P <0 .0 1)、0个 (P <0 .0 1) ;10d切除 ,对照组肺转移率、肝内复发瘤大小、播散灶数目分别为 10 0 %、(3 2 2 3.93± 1.97)mm3、(34.2 0± 1.30 )个 ,治疗组为 5 0 % (P <0 .0 1)、(10 6 6 .70± 8.0 1)mm3、(3.6 0± 1.14)个。结论　联合应用IFN α和ATRA能抑制肝癌根治性切除术后的肝内复发、播散和转移。     

抗肿瘤血管形成剂抑制肝癌生长及转移的实验研究

目的　研究α干扰素 (IFN α)对肝癌生长及转移的抑制作用及其是否通过抑制一氧化氮合酶 (Ⅱ型 ,iNOS)和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)进而减少肝癌血管形成起作用。方法　应用裸鼠人肝癌转移模型LCI D2 0 ,于肿瘤移植后第 2天每只开始皮下注射不同剂量IFN α(3× 10 5U/d ,6×10 5U/d) ,每天 1次 ,对照组注射相同体积的生理盐水。每组治疗 35d后处死部分裸鼠 ,测量移植瘤大小 ,观察肺转移情况 ;剩余裸鼠继续用药观察IFN α对其生存时间的影响。LCI D2 0肿瘤组织移植到裸鼠角膜建立角膜微囊移植模型 ,检测IFN α对肝癌肿瘤血管形成的抑制作用。免疫组织化学方法检测治疗前后肝癌组织iNOS ,VEGF及肿瘤微血管密度变化。结果　对照组裸鼠肺转移率为10 0 % (10 /10 ) ,移植瘤大小为 8475± 2 6 36mm3,生存时间为 45± 4d ;IFN α 3× 10 5U/d治疗组分别为 5 0 % (4/8)、76 9± 2 87mm3 和 81± 6d ,与对照组比较移植瘤大小及生存时间差别有统计学意义 (P<0 0 1) ;而二者之间肺转移率无统计学差别 (P >0 0 5 ) ;IFN α 6× 10 5U/d治疗组则分别为 0 (0 /8)、13± 9mm3 和 10 5± 2 4d ,与对照组比较差别有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。应用裸鼠角膜微囊移植模型检测LCI D2 0肝癌组织有较强的诱导肿瘤血管形成的效应     

血管内皮生长因子-C反义寡核苷酸对胰腺癌淋巴管及血管生成的影响

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-C反义寡核苷酸对胰腺癌裸鼠原位种植瘤模型淋巴管及血管生成的影响。方法建立人胰腺癌细胞株panc-1裸鼠原位种植瘤模型,将动物随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)对照组(A组)、错义对照组(B组)和反义VEGF-C干预组(C组),每组10只,寡核苷酸用量为每次10 mg/kg体重,隔日1次,每周3次,共3周。建模4周后,处死动物,留取血清和瘤体标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫组织化学染色法检测反义VEGF-C干预对VEGF-C分泌水平及种植瘤淋巴管和血管生成的影响。结果A、B和C组血清VEGF-C的蛋白表达水平分别为(237．5±41．5)、(221．5±52．3)、(108．6±14．9)ng/L,C组较A、B组明显为低(P＜0．01)；3组种植瘤内淋巴管密度分别为13．8±2．1、12．4±1．9和4．2±1．6,C组较A、B组显著减少(P＜0．01)；3组种植瘤内微血管密度分别为27．5±8．7、25．9±4．2和19．4±5．6,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论反义寡核苷酸干预可以显著降低胰腺癌裸鼠原位种植瘤模型VEGF-C的表达水平,并对其淋巴管生成具有抑制作用。     

右旋柠烯乳剂对人胰腺癌裸鼠原位移植瘤生长和转移的抑制作用

目的　研究右旋柠烯乳剂 (D limonene)对人胰腺癌生长和转移的抑制作用并探讨其作用机制。方法　采用人胰腺癌完整组织块建立人胰腺癌裸鼠原位移植瘤模型。移植后第 5天开始分别用生理盐水灌胃 (剂量为每天 0 .3ml/只 ,对照组 )、5 氟尿嘧啶腹腔注射 (剂量为每天 3 0mg/kg ,5 FU组 )、D limonene灌胃 (剂量为每天 15ml/kg ,D limonene组 )、D limonene灌胃 5 FU腹腔注射 (剂量同前 ,联用组 ) ,共用 7周。移植后第 8周处死动物 ,测量原位肿瘤瘤重并计算抑瘤率 ,检测胰腺癌细胞凋亡指数 (AI) ,免疫组织化学检测肿瘤组织微血管密度 (MVD)与血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) ,并观察荷瘤鼠腹膜、肝、其他脏器肿瘤转移及腹水情况。结果　对照组、5 FU组、D limonene组、联用组的原位肿瘤瘤重分别为 2 .73± 0 .2 3、2 .5 5± 0 .2 8、1.49± 0 .0 9、1.48± 0 .2 1;抑瘤率分别为 0、7%、45 %、46% ;AI分别为 (3 .49± 0 .3 3 ) %、(7.13± 1.17) %、(2 0 .5 0± 2 .3 9) %、(19.97± 3 .44 ) % ;MVD分别为 2 2 .3 0± 2 .76、19.88± 3 .75、8.5 1± 5 .47、9.12± 5 .71;VEGF分别为 48.3 5± 6.12、47.44± 5 .2 7、3 3 .68± 8.65、3 4.2 6± 7.2 4;腹膜转移率分别为 10 0 .0 %、62 .5 %、3 0 .0 %、2 2 .2 %     

二氧化碳气腹对径路口及腹腔内肿瘤细胞转移的影响

目的　通过建立大鼠肿瘤动物模型 ,探讨腹腔镜手术中常用的气腹介质CO2 对径路口及腹腔内肿瘤细胞转移的影响。方法　手术前 1h于 30只Wistar大鼠腹腔内注入R15肝癌细胞株 ,然后随机将大鼠分为 3组 :免气腹组 ( n =10 )、剖腹组 ( n =10 )、CO2 气腹组 ( n =10 ) ,实验维持 2h ,2 8d后宰杀动物比较各组径路口及腹腔内的肿瘤转移。结果　CO2 气腹组、剖腹组及免气腹组在径路口、肠浆膜层、肠系膜、大网膜和膈肌等部位转移的肿瘤重量分别为 ( 32 6 .7± 2 30 .3)mg、( 181.6± 174.7)mg和 ( 2 9.0± 6 2 .8)mg( P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;( 6 2 6 .2± 2 15 .9)mg、( 2 71.5± 2 19.2 )mg和 ( 44.3± 10 0 .1)mg( P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;( 476 .2± 2 0 4.8)mg、( 184.0±187.1)mg和 ( 42 .5± 96 .7)mg( P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;( 2 5 36 .5± 90 6 .6 )mg、( 112 9.1± 933 .9)mg和 ( 15 9.5± 35 4.4)mg( P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;( 346 .1± 186 .4)mg、( 16 9.1± 16 2 .1)mg和( 11.3± 35 .7)mg(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论　腹腔镜手术中的常用气腹介质CO2 是导致肿瘤细胞在径路口及腹腔内转移的主要原因。     

血管生成抑制剂Rg3对胃癌生长和转移抑制作用的实验研究

目的：研究血管生成抑制剂Rg3对胃癌生长和转移的抑制作用。方法：完整组织块SCID鼠胃壁原位种植,建立类似于临床的胃癌转移模型。移植后第7天开始灌胃给药,Rg3剂量为0、2．5,5．0,10．0mg/kg,每日1次,共6周,移植后第8周末处死动物,测定原位肿瘤重量,观察转移情况,并采用抗CD31抗体的标记链霉亲和素－生物素免疫组化方法检测肿瘤内微血管密度。结果：Rg3对原位肿瘤的生长和转移均有抑制作用,2．5,5．0,10．0mg/kg剂量组的抑瘤率分别为52．3％,63．3％和71．6％,肝转移抑制率分别为37．8％,68．9％和84．4％,腹膜转移抑制率分别为36．4％,74．6％和74．6％,Rg3治疗后,肿瘤内微血管密度明显降低,结论：Rg3对胃癌的生长和转移有明显抑制作用。     

Establishment of a human gastrinoma in nude mice

We report the first establishment and characterization of functioning gastrinoma from a human being transplanted into nude mice. Tissue was obtained at operation from a gastrinoma liver metastasis from a patient with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The tumor was implanted subcutaneously in five athymic nude mice. Serum gastrin was measured by means of radioimmunoassay in specimens of mouse blood taken before and 5 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of secretin (100 micrograms/kg). In a second experiment serum gastrin was measured 30 minutes after injection of somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995 (300 micrograms/kg). Studies were also done in 10 control mice. At passage, the fundus of each tumor-bearing mouse was weighed and examined microscopically. The gastrinoma (tumor line, PT) has been maintained for 34 months through four passages with a tumor doubling time of 37 to 45 days. The histology is similar to the original tumor. Immunocytochemistry showed that PT contained gastrin. In two mice metastasis developed 9 months after implantation. Gastrin levels in mice bearing PT have ranged from 216 to 12,000 pg/ml. Gastrin levels of control mice ranged from 0 to 63 pg/ml. Secretin increased gastrin levels in three of five mice tested and decreased gastrin levels in two mice. Repeat secretin tests showed identical results. SMS 201-995 decreased gastrin levels from basal values. Fundic weight of mice bearing PT (397 +/- 93 mg) was significantly greater than control fundic weight (180 +/- 26 mg). Gastrinomas growing in nude mice produce physiologically active gastrin as shown by elevated serum gastrin levels and by hyperplasia of the stomach. Two distinct subpopulations of gastrinoma cells respond differently to secretin. This model should provide important information on mechanisms of growth control and on gastrin release by gastrinomas in human beings.     

携带人内皮抑素基因的增殖型腺病毒AdTPHre-hE对胰腺癌的体内实验研究

目的通过建立裸鼠胰腺癌肿瘤模型,在体内实验中进一步证实携带人内皮抑素基因的增殖型腺病毒AdTPHre-hE的抗肿瘤作用.方法建立AsPC-1胰腺癌细胞BALB/c裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,在瘤体内注射AdTPHre-hE治疗,观察肿瘤生长.ELISA法检测裸鼠血清中人内皮抑素浓度,肿瘤组织行Hexon单克隆抗体免疫组化染色及微血管免疫组化染色.结果AdTPHre-hE抑制肿瘤生长的作用显著强于Ad-hE(P＜0.01)和对照组(P＜0.01).随着治疗时间的延长,裸鼠血清中内皮抑素表达量不断增加,明显高于Ad-hE组(P＜0.01)和对照组(P＜0.01).病毒Hexon免疫组化染色显示,AdTPHre-hE治疗组移植瘤内可见片状或弥漫性分布的阳性染色,AdTPHre-hE治疗组瘤组织中微血管密度为16.3±4.3明显少于Ad-hE组的33.8±6.2(P＜0.01)和对照组的36.8±4.6(P＜0.01).结论增殖型腺病毒AdTPHre-hE介导人内皮抑素的表达,具有明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用.     

重组人内皮抑素对裸鼠结肠癌移植瘤淋巴管生成及淋巴结转移的抑制作用

目的 观察重组人内皮抑素(恩度)对裸鼠结肠癌移植瘤淋巴管形成及淋巴结转移的影响.方法 将人结肠癌SW620细胞株接种于BALB/C-nu雄性裸鼠,建立动物模型.实验分为对照组(生理盐水组)和恩度组.结果 (1)恩度组和对照组淋巴结转移率分别为10%(1/10)和80%(8/10)(P<0.01).(2)恩度组肿瘤淋巴管密度(7.17±0.75)明显低于对照组(14.83±0.98)(P<0.05).(3)恩度在体内和体外均抑制肿瘤细胞血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-C和VEGF-D的表达.结论 重组人内皮抑素通过降低结肠癌移植瘤VEGF-C,-D的表达而抑制淋巴管的生成,降低肿瘤向淋巴结的转移几率.     

VEGF antisense therapy inhibits tumor growth and improves survival in experimental pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis, is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. This study evaluated VEGF production in pancreatic cancer cells and the effect of VEGF antisense on growth and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer in a nude mouse model. METHODS: In vitro: VEGF in cell culture supernatant of pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1, poorly differentiated; HPAF-2, moderately differentiated) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo: A VEGF antisense oligonucleotide (AS-3) was synthesized. One-mm(3) fragments of subcutaneous pancreatic cancer donor tumors were implanted into the pancreas of nude mice also receiving AS-3 (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle intraperitoneally for 14 weeks. Primary tumor volume, metastasis, and VEGF in plasma and ascites were determined at autopsy. Microvessel density was analyzed in CD31-stained tumors. RESULTS: In vitro: Both pancreatic cancer cell lines secreted VEGF protein (AsPC-1, 4200 +/- 40 pg/10(6) cells; HPAF-2, 8120 +/- 60 pg/10(6) cells). In vivo: AS-3 reduced tumor volume in the HPAF-2 group (860 +/- 140 vs 3830 +/- 590 mm(3)) and metastatic spread in both groups (AsPC-1, 6.5 +/- 0.8 vs 16.7 +/- 0.9 points; HPAF-2, 2.5 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.5 points). Tumor volume was not different in the AsPC-1 group (1050 +/- 80 vs 1400 +/- 150 mm(3)). Survival was increased in the AsPC-1 group. Plasma levels of VEGF and microvessel density in tumors were significantly reduced in treated animals. Only control animals (50%) developed ascites with high VEGF concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Human pancreatic cancer cells secrete VEGF at biologically relevant high levels. AS-3 therapy normalizes plasma VEGF and decreases neoangiogenesis, thereby reducing tumor growth and metastasis and improving survival. AS-3-treated animals developed no ascites, suggesting decreased vascular permeability by reducing VEGF expression in pancreatic cancer cells.     

抗血管生成药物Endostatin和SU6668联合氟尿嘧啶对结肠癌的影响

目的探讨血管生成抑制剂Endostatin和SU6668联合氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）对结肠癌生长和转移的抑制作用，并探讨其作用机制。方法建立人结肠癌裸鼠原位种植转移模型。将60只荷瘤鼠随机分为5组，每组12只。种植12d后分别自腹腔内注射生理盐水（对照组）、Endostatin（E组）、SU6668（S组）、Endostatin加SU6668（E加S组）、Endostatin加SU6668加5-FU（E加S加F组），1次／d，共4周。种植后第6周末处死动物，测量原位肿瘤瘤重、抑瘤率和肿瘤微血管密度（MVD），观察肿瘤肝腹膜和区域淋巴结转移及腹水出现情况。结果对照组、E组、S组、E加S组、E加S加F组抑瘤率分别为0、64．9％、63．5％、76．4％和88．2％；MVD分别为（18．10±5．65）、（2．75±0．75）、（3．17±0．58）、（0．94±0．42）和（0．36±0．45）；腹膜转移率分别为90％、16．7％、25％、0和0；区域淋巴结转移率分别为90％、0、0、0和0。E组、S组、E加S组、E加S加F组与对照组相比，结肠癌生长和转移受到明显抑制（P〈0．05）；尤以E加S加F组明显（P〈0．01）。结论Endostatin和SU6668联合5-FU具有协同作用，能更有效地抑制结肠癌的生长和转移。     

Depsipeptide (FK228) inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells

FK228 (depsipeptide) is a natural prodrug that inhibits class I histone deacetylases. We aimed to investigate the effects FK228 has on prostate cancer cells in vivo. In non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with human prostate cancer cells, 50 mg/kg FK228 given orally 3 times a week inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. The median time to the experimental end point (tumor volume 2 cm(3) or death) in the untreated group was 52 days, and average tumor volume was 0.8 +/- 0.18 cm(3). At the same time, 94.4% of FK228-treated mice survived and had average tumor volumes of 0.37 +/- 0.1 cm(3). All untreated animals died at 98 days, whereas, 61% of treated animal remained alive. Sizeable metastatic tumors positively stained for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and limited air gaps were found in the lungs of untreated mice. In animals treated with FK228, lung morphology appeared normal. Primary tumors of treated animals were highly positive for PSA, and had an increased level of p21 and the proapoptotic protein Bax. Sections taken from FK228-treated animals and examined under an electron microscope showed condensed chromatin and apoptotic bodies. PSA serum levels were higher in untreated than in treated animals and correlated with tumor volume. Because prolonged oral administration of 50 mg/kg or a single oral dose of 1.2 g/kg FK228 did not cause adverse effects and inhibited proliferation of human prostate cancer cells in vivo, FK228 likely has a potential anticancer effect for prostate cancer.     

Influence of linomide on local tumor growth and metastasis of the human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cell line PC3 in an orthotopic model

OBJECTIVE:It has been demonstrated that quinoline-3-carboxamide, linomide, inhibited angiogenesis and reduced the volume of tumors grown from human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cell lines after subcutaneous implantation in mice. However, subcutaneous xenograft models may not mimic human conditions due to the absence of prostatic stromal cells at the ectopic site. Therefore, we investigated the influence of linomide on local tumor growth and metastasis of the human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in an orthotopic model. METHODS: In 30 athymic nude mice, 5x10(5) PC-3 cells were injected into the dorsal prostate after surgical exposure. After 7 days, group 1 (n = 15 mice) received linomide 100 mg/kg/day in the drinking water (per os). The other 15 mice (group 2) served as controls. All mice were sacrificed after 38 days followed by macroscopical and histological evaluation of local tumor growth and metastasis. Microvessel density was determined by immunohistochemical staining for von Willebrand factor as well as silver staining followed by morphometric analysis in an area of highest vessel density. RESULTS: In the control group, local tumorigenicity and locoregional lymph node metastasis was 100%. The mean weight of the local tumor was 894 mg (395- 1,261 mg). The mean transversal diameter of the lymph node metastases was 4.0 mm (1.5-5. 4 mm). In the treatment group, local tumor growth and lymph node metastasis was 100% with a mean local tumor weight of 869 mg (232-1, 131 mg) and a mean lymph node metastasis diameter of 4.6 mm (1.3-5.9 mm). Microvessel density of the local tumor in the control and treatment group did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: Contrary to the results reported in subcutaneous animal models, linomide per os has no effect on net tumor growth and metastasis after orthotopic implantation of the human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in nude mice.     

Vitamin E succinate decreases lung cancer tumor growth in mice

BACKGROUND: In vitro studies have shown that Vitamin E succinate (VES) arrests lung cancer proliferation; however, in vivo studies have not been performed. This study examined in vivo effects of VES on lung cancer. METHODS: An in vitro dose-response curve of human A549 lung cancer tumors to VES was established. A549 tumors were established in the right submammary fat pads of athymic nude mice (C57/BL/6J-Hfh11nu). Seven days after injection, mice were separated into VES and control groups. VES mice (n = 12) underwent daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of VES (150 mg/kg in 7% dimethyl sulfoxide, 93% polyethylene glycol); control mice (n = 11) were injected with vehicle only. At 27 days, harvested tumors were measured and weighed. Lungs were stained for metastases using hematoxylin-eosin. Tumor volume and weights were compared using a two-sample t test. Tumor growth curves were compared using a mixed model analysis of variance. RESULTS: In vitro studies demonstrated dose-dependent manner inhibition of A549 cell proliferation by VES (IC(50) 18 mug/mL). Tumor volumes and weights differed significantly between VES and control mice with volumes of 192.6 +/- 20.4 mm(3)versus 292.9 +/- 31.4 mm(3) (P = 0.01) and weights of 168.6 +/- 20.0 mg versus 255.7 +/- 37.0 mg, respectively (P = 0.05). Tumor growth differed significantly (P < 0.001). Both groups of mice showed pulmonary metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer cells appear to respond to VES, albeit incompletely. Because tumor cell response is seen, lung cancer patients may derive some benefit from VES and should be considered in eventual clinical studies using this vitamin E derivative.     

Tacrolimus enhances transforming growth factor-beta1 expression and promotes tumor progression

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive therapy is a risk factor for the increased incidence and metastatic progression of malignancies in organ graft recipients. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) has been associated with tumor invasion and metastasis, and we have implicated cyclosporine-associated TGF-beta(1) hyperexpression in tumor progression in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice or severe combined immunodeficient-beige mice were treated with 2 or 4 mg/kg of tacrolimus, and the effect of treatment on mouse renal cancer cell pulmonary metastasis was investigated. We also determined whether tacrolimus induces TGF-beta(1) expression. Spleens from tacrolimus-treated mice were analyzed for level of expression of TGF-beta(1) mRNA with the use of competitive-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, and circulating levels of TGF-beta(1) protein were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Treatment with tacrolimus resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of pulmonary metastases in the BALB/c mice (197+/-16 in untreated mice, 281+/-26 in mice treated with 2 mg/kg of tacrolimus, and 339+/-25 in mice treated with 4 mg/kg of tacrolimus; no treatment vs. 4 mg/kg tacrolimus, Bonferroni's P<0.001) and in the severe combined immunodeficient-beige mice (117+/-18 in untreated mice, 137+/-19 in mice treated with 2 mg/kg of tacrolimus, and 216+/-29 in mice treated with 4 mg/kg of tacrolimus; no treatment vs. 4 mg/kg tacrolimus, P<0.05). Treatment with 4 mg/kg but not 2 mg/kg of tacrolimus resulted in a significant increase in the levels of expression of TGF-beta(1) mRNA and circulating levels of TGF-beta(1) protein. CONCLUSIONS: Tacrolimus has a dose-dependent effect on tumor progression and TGF-beta(1) expression, and tacrolimus-induced TGF-beta(1) overexpression may be a pathogenetic mechanism in tumor progression.