高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者降压治疗后的动态血压监测

目的探讨高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者降压治疗后血压的变化。方法选择降压治疗期间血压正常的70例高血压患者,其中单纯高血压组21例,合并OSAS组49例,选择健康对照13例。按睡眠呼吸暂紊乱指数将高血压合并OSAS患者分为轻度OSAS组22例,中度OSAS组15例,重度OSAS组12例。采用RS-611床垫式睡眠呼吸监测系统监测睡眠,并进行24 h动态血压监测。比较各组血压水平、昼夜血压节律、晨峰现象。结果在降压治疗期间,单纯高血压或者合并OSAS患者24 h动态血压控制在正常水平(<130/80 mmHg)。夜间血压下降率在单纯高血压组或者合并OSAS组均低于对照组(P<0.05或者P<0.01),合并OSAS组中、重度组下降率最低(P<0.05),合并OSAS组反杓型较单纯高血压组多(P<0.05),以重度OSAS组最多(P<0.05),晨峰现象不明显。结论老年高血压合并OSAS患者降压治疗后,白昼、夜间血压水平达标,但血压昼夜节律紊乱未能改善。     

CPAP对高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的治疗作用

目的探讨持续上气道正压通气(CPAP)对高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的治疗作用。方法高血压合并OSAHS患者60例,分为治疗组30例和对照组30例,对照组采用药物降压,治疗组在药物治疗的同时进行CPAP治疗4周,采用同步夜间多导睡眠图(PSG)检查和24h动态血压(ABP)检测方法,记录治疗前1d和治疗4周后的血压、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、非杓型血压曲线的比例。结果治疗组较对照组及自身治疗前24h平均动脉收缩压(SBP)、24h舒张压(DBP)、夜间收缩压(nSBP)、夜间舒张压(nDBP)下降(P0.01),AHI下降(P0.01),非杓型曲线的比例下降(P0.05)。结论对于高血压与OSAHS并存的患者,CPAP可以减轻患者呼吸阻塞的程度,有效地降低血压,恢复血压的昼夜节律。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者治疗前后血管紧张素Ⅱ与血压昼夜节律的变化

目的 探讨高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者持续气道内正压通气(CPAP)或手术治疗前后血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)与血压昼夜节律的变化.方法 入选连续入院的高血压患者182例,根据多导睡眠仪监测结果分为单纯高血压组72例、高血压合并轻度OSAHS组62例和高血压合并中、重度OSAHS组48例.CPAP或手术治疗前后检测AngⅡ浓度并行24 h动态血压监测,比较各组间治疗前及组内治疗前后AngⅡ浓度及血压昼夜节律变化.结果 高血压合并轻度OSAHS组、高血压合并中重度OSAHS组治疗前与单纯高血压组的血浆AngⅡ浓度分别为(16.17±3.43)ng/ml、(18.13±4.32)ng/ml和(12.34±3.72)ng/ml,治疗后高血压合并OSAHS组分别下降至(11.87±2.21)ng/ml和(15.35±3.97)ng/ml,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).单纯高血压组昼夜血压呈非杓型占25.3%,高血压合并轻度和中、重度OSAHS组治疗前昼夜血压呈非杓型的分别占44.4%和56.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后OSAHS组呈非杓型的比例分别为36.7%和47.6%,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).中、重度OSAHS组下降更明显.相关分析表明AngⅡ浓度与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈正相关(r=0.7613,P<0.01),与收缩压夜间下降率呈负相关(r=-0.6174,P<0.01).结论 高血压合并OSAHS与单纯高血压相比,AngⅡ浓度及非杓型比例均大于后者,并与OSAHS严重程度呈正比.高血压合并OSAHS的患者在CPAP或手术治疗后AngⅡ浓度明显下降,血压非杓型比例明显减少.     

气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并糖尿病和高血压16例分析

目的：观察气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗对睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）合并2型糖尿病和高血压患者的动态血糖、动态血压影响。方法：采用动态血糖监测系统对16例OSAS合并2型糖尿病和高血压患者进行连续72 h血糖监测;第1天同时应用多导睡眠仪监测并诊断OSAS严重程度;第1天和第3天行24 h动态血压监测。结果：CPAP治疗2 d后,OSAS合并高血压患者的夜间收缩压和舒张压均下降,差异无统计学意义。日间和夜间血糖无明显变化。结论：CPAP长期治疗的2型糖尿病伴发OSAS患者胰岛素抵抗改善,血糖水平降低,血糖变化规律可能与患者糖尿病的严重程度、胰腺B细胞功能、OSAS严重程度等多种因素相关。     

持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者高血压的影响

目的持续气道正压通气（CPAP）对中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者高血压的影响。方法将46例中重度OSAS合并高血压患者随机分为实验组和对照组各23例，对照组给予一般治疗，实验组给予CPAP和一般治疗，连续治疗6个月。两组分别于治疗前和治疗6个月时测量晨起血压，比较两组治疗前后血压的差异。结果两组患者治疗前血压均高于正常值，实验组治疗后血压明显降低（P〈0.01）；对照组治疗前后血压无改善（P〉0.05）。结论CPAP治疗有利于中重度OSAS患者的高血压控制。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者动态血压观察

目的 观察高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的24 h动态血压及血压昼夜节律特点.方法 30例单纯高血压及25例高血压合并OSAS的患者进行24 h动态血压和多导睡眠仪监测,比较两组的动态血压、血压昼夜节律.结果 高血压合并OSAS组与单纯高血压组比较,24 h平均收缩压、白天和夜间收缩压以及夜间舒张压升高,夜间收缩压及舒张压下降幅度减少,血压昼夜节律下降,差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.05).结论 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停加剧了高血压患者血压的升高及血压昼夜节律异常,应重视对高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者24 h动态血压监测.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压相互关系的认识

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)与高血压 (HT)的关系。方法　对 1999- 0 3～ 2 0 0 1- 10门诊就诊的主诉睡眠打鼾患者行多导睡眠图监测 ,符合诊断标准者为 OSAS组 ,余为对照组。对两组睡眠监测结果中的呼吸紊乱指数 (AHI)、夜间最低动脉血氧饱和度 (Sa O2 low)及睡前、晨起、治疗后的血压进行分析。结果　 OSAS组晨起血压较睡前血压明显升高 (P<0 .0 0 1)。对照组晨起血压较睡前血压明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 )。 OSAS组与对照组睡前血压无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,晨起血压 OSAS组明显升高 (P<0 .0 0 1)。经持续气道正压通气 (CPAP)治疗后 OSAS组晨起血压较治疗前明显下降 (P<0 .0 0 1)。OSAS组晨起血压与 AHI呈正相关 ,与夜间最低动脉血氧饱和度呈负相关。结论　 OSAS患者血压增高与夜间缺氧有关 ,CPAP治疗有效     

钙离子通道阻滞剂联合利尿剂对合并OSAHS的高血压病患者血压控制的临床研究

目的研究钙离子通道阻滞剂联合利尿剂对合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的高血压病患者,在不具备应用经鼻持续气道内正压通气（CPAP）的条件时,血压控制的有效性及安全性。方法选择132例合并中度OSAHS的二级高血压病患者,将其分为CPAP组与药物联合治疗组,比较其一般临床资料、经各自治疗8周前后血压水平与睡眠呼吸暂停次数。结果CPAP组与药物联合治疗组均可稳定降压,两组血压控制水平的差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）,CPAP组较药物联合治疗组可有效改善睡眠呼吸暂停情况（P〈0．001）。结论钙离子通道阻滞剂类药物联合利尿剂可作为合并中度OSAHS的二级高血压痛患者,在不具备应用CPAP的条件时的替代方案,安全有效．但其不能改善睡眠呼吸暂停情况。     

持续气道正压治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并难治性高血压患者的疗效

目的 探讨持续气道正压(CPAP)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并难治性高血压患者的临床疗效。方法 选取郑州人民医院2018年1月至2019年12月收治的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并难治性高血压患者68例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组34例。对照组给予常规药物治疗,研究组在药物治疗基础上给予CPAP治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的呼吸暂停低通气指数、最低指脉氧饱和度和血液指标。结果 治疗前,两组患者的睡眠监测指标和血压比较差异未见统计学意义(P 0. 05)。治疗后,研究组患者的睡眠监测指标和血压得到显著改善,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),对照组治疗前后指标无明显变化,治疗后,研究组的睡眠监测指标和血压优于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 CPAP治疗方法能够改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并难治性高血压的临床指标,提高临床疗效,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

福多司坦辅助治疗OSAS并高血压的效果及对血清炎性因子的影响

目的评价福多司坦辅助治疗OSAS并高血压的效果及对血清炎性因子的影响。方法选取收治的OSAS并高血压的患者72例,随机选取健康体检者34例参与研究。全部患者按随机数字表法分为福多司坦组和对照组各36例,对照组给予常规降压药物治疗,福多司坦组接受福多司坦辅助常规降压药物治疗。对比两组治疗前后的血氧饱和度(miniSpO_2)、呼吸紊乱指数(AHI);炎性因子(Hs-CRP、ICAM-1、VCAM-1、E选择素、P选择素、IL-8、TNF-α)变化情况,并将患者的以上指标与正常人群组比较。结果患者组治疗前炎症因子、血压、AHI显著较正常组高(P<0.05),患者组miniSpO_2较正常组明显下降(P<0.05)。治疗后,福多司坦组炎症因子、血压、AHI较对照组下降明显(P<0.05),miniSpO_2较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论福多司坦辅助治疗OSAS并高血压可改善通气质量,降低炎症因子水平,血压控制优于单纯常规降压药治疗,值得临床推广。     

Characteristics of hypotensive effect in patients with arterial hypertension and desaturation signs of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome during sleep

AIM: To estimate the efficacy of 8-week antihypertensive monotherapy in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) regarding the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed the results of 24-h blood pressure (BP) monitoring of 26 inpatients (mean age 54 +/- 2 years) with mild (n = 18) and moderate (n = 8) AH before and after 8 weeks of treatment with 5-10 mg amlodipine or 50-100 mg of losartan once daily to assess blood pressure profile parameters. The patients underwent nocturnal monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation (pulsoximeter NONIN-8500 M, USA). The presence of OSAS was confirmed when a characteristic clinical picture was combined with the presence of significant (> 4%) sleep desaturation episodes > 15 episodes per hour or the presence of group desaturation episodes below 90%. Seven hypertensive patients with OSAS were assigned to group 1, nineteen patients without OSAS--to group 2. The differences in estimated parameters between the groups were tested by Mann-Whitney U test, the dynamics of BP profile parameters--by Wilcoxon matched pairs test. RESULTS: In group 1 there were no significant differences by most of BP profile parameters before and after antihypertensive treatment, except mean nocturnal systolic BP. In group 2 a significant hypotensive effect was seen by all parameters of BP profile except BP variability. Hypotensive efficacy in group 2 was 1.5-2 times higher vs group 1, but the difficulties were not significant. CONCLUSION: Antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive patients with OSAS is less effective than in those without OSAS but it is not uneffective.     

Short-term use of continuous positive airway pressure ameliorates glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Patients with OSAS (obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome) demonstrate renal signs such as proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy and focal glomerular sclerosis. We performed a clinical study to investigate the glomerular function in OSAS patients and the short-term effect of CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) on it. OSAS patients underwent a sodium thiosulphate and p-aminohippurate double clearance test, polysomnography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and a week after the induction of CPAP. Twenty-seven consecutive patients (24 males) with moderate-to-severe OSAS admitted to our hospital for the induction of CPAP, and 32 healthy donors for renal transplantation as controls participated in the study. Before treatment, the glomerular filtration rate, estimated by the sodium thiosulphate clearance test, was within normal range, and the renal plasma flow was significantly lower than normal in the OSAS patients, thus the FF (filtration fraction) value was much higher than normal. FF before CPAP was not significantly correlated with age, body mass index or blood pressure; however, indices of increased hypoxaemia correlated with increased FF values. Polysomnographic variables after CPAP showed significant improvements in all patients, and only the nocturnal blood pressures were slightly lower than before CPAP. In 21 patients who underwent the clearance test after CPAP, FF significantly decreased from 0.26 +/- 0.04 to 0.23 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.001). OSAS patients were generally in a glomerular-hyperfiltrating condition that appeared to cause the renal findings associated with OSAS. CPAP might prevent nephropathy by ameliorating the glomerular hyperfiltration in OSAS patients.     

OSAHS伴血压异常患者经鼻Auto-CPAP治疗对血压改变情况的研究

目的:研究OSAHS伴高血压患者,经鼻auto-CPAP治疗对其血压改变的情况。资料与方法:30例OSAHS伴高血压患者,其中包括已确诊高血压患者9例(维持既往口服降压药物治疗方案不变)及本次研究新发现高血压患者21例(既往无口服常规降压药物,暂不给予口服药物治疗)。给予患者每晚有效auto-CPAP(RESmart GII,北京怡和嘉业医疗科技有限公司)连续治疗,分别于治疗前及治疗第1、2、4周复查24 h ABP,比较治疗前后患者血压改变情况。结果:1)30例患者auto-CPAP治疗1周后,24 h ABP各时段血压均较治疗前明显降低,24 h SBP/DBP降低5.73/3.43 mm Hg,d SBP/DBP降低5.40/3.53 mmHg,n SBP/DBP降低7.03/2.73 mm Hg。2)9例既往高血压患者与21例本次研究新发现高血压患者相比,1周治疗后仅n SBP及n DBP的变化有统计学意义。3)部分患者延长治疗至2、4周,仅治疗1周与2周d SBP的变化有统计学意义。结论:1)auto-CPAP治疗OSAHS有助于患者血压的控制与改善。2)OSAHS伴高血压患者经atuo-CPAP治疗(1、2、4周)后,血压的降低主要出现在第1周的治疗上,临床上建议以第1周auto-CPAP治疗结束后的24 h ABP数据作为参考,这对于OSAHS伴有高血压患者的药物干预或调整具有一定的临床意义。3)在auto-CPAP对OSAHS伴高血压患者的治疗中,既往口服降压药物比无口服降压药物患者的夜间血压下降幅度更大。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征32例家庭护理体会

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者家庭护理方法。方法:对32例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者进行家庭经鼻持续正压通气(CPAP)治疗,观察对比治疗前后症状及相关参数的改变。结果:本组患者治疗前后最长呼吸暂停时间、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、睡眠时最低血氧饱和度比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者行早期家庭治疗具有简便、无创、患者易于接受等优点,可推广使用。     

NT-pro-BNP in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is decreased by nasal continuous positive airway pressure

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and to determine the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment on BNP levels. BACKGROUND: Increased sympathetic activity, repetitive rises in blood pressure, and apnea-induced wall stress may contribute as a trigger to release BNP in OSAS. However, there is uncertainty about whether OSAS affects BNP and whether application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) ventilation affects release of BNP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study in 69 consecutive patients with suspected sleep disordered breathing referred to our sleep laboratory was conducted. OSAS was confirmed in 26 normotensive and 34 hypertensive patients and ruled out in nine normotensive patients (controls) by polysomnography (PSG). RESULTS: Baseline N-terminal fragment of BNP prohormone (NT-pro-BNP) did not differ significantly between OSAS patients (hypertensive: mean +/-SEM 60.8+/-9.9 pg/ml, normotensive: 43.2+/-6.8 pg/ml) and controls (36.5+/-8.5 pg/ml). Application of CPAP resulted in a significant decrease of NT-pro-BNP in hypertensive (60.8+/-9.9 pg/ml to 47.6+/-7.4 pg/ml, p=0.023) and normotensive OSAS (43.2+/-6.8 pg/ml to 29.6+/-5.3 pg/ml, p=0.0002). In contrast, controls showed no significant differences in NT-pro-BNP after a second PSG (36.5+/-8.5 pg/ml to 40.7+/-12.3 pg/ml, p=0.597). CONCLUSIONS: Normotensive and hypertensive OSAS was not associated with a significant elevation of NT-pro-BNP. Application of nCPAP decreased NT-pro-BNP levels significantly in normotensive and, in particular, hypertensive OSAS. These findings may provide further evidence of the potential for nCPAP to improve cardiovascular comorbidity and co-mortality in OSAS and sleep disordered breathing, in general.     

持续气道正压通气对严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者心血管疾病风险的影响

目的初步探讨持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗对严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者炎症因子水平和心血管疾病（CVD）风险的影响。方法选取经多导睡眠图（PSG）确诊的严重OSAS患者[睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥30次/h]50例。分别记录CPAP治疗前及治疗10周后受试者的ESS评分、血压、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）及脉搏血氧饱和度（Sp O2）、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、纤维蛋白原及TNF-α、SCD40L水平。以稳态模式评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）。心血管疾病风险评估根据性别特异的多变量的风险因素算法计算。CPAP治疗1 0周后根据CPAP治疗时间分为2组：依从性好组（≥4 h/晚）及依从性差组（〈4 h/晚）。结果在使用CPAP≥4 h/晚（n=33）的患者可以发现收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR、TNF-α、SCD40L水平在治疗后下降,与心血管疾病风险下降相关。而在CPAP治疗〈4 h/晚组患者中未发现上述改变。总体的依从性与心血管疾病风险及系统炎症的降低呈直线相关。BMI和面罩漏气可能是预测治疗依从性的可靠因素。结论有效的CPAP治疗可以降低严重OSAS患者的血压、血脂、TNF-α、SCD40L水平,提高胰岛素敏感性,降低患心血管疾病的风险。