CD4+CD25+Treg在急性淋巴细胞白血病患者外周血中的表达及其体外实验研究

目的初步探讨CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞(CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells,CD4 CD25 Treg)在急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphocytic leukemia,ALL)患者化疗前及化疗缓解后外周血中的表达水平,并研究患者血清能否诱导外周血CD4 CD25-T细胞转化为CD4 CD25 Treg。方法①采用流式细胞术分别检测ALL初诊组、化疗完全缓解或部分缓解组及正常对照组外周血中CD4 CD25 T细胞所占比例,然后通过荧光定量RT-PCR检测各组外周血中转录因子Foxp3mRNA的表达水平,并逐层分析比较。②采集正常人外周血单个核细胞后,对照组用正常人血清,实验组用患者血清并分别设浓度梯度进行培养,72h后采用流式细胞术、荧光定量RT-PCR分别检测CD4 CD25 T细胞和Foxp3mRNA表达。结果ALL化疗缓解组CD4 CD25 T细胞及Foxp3mRNA表达水平均明显高于ALL初诊组和正常对照组(P<0.05),后两者之间CD4 CD25 T细胞水平无统计学差异(P>0.05),但ALL初诊组Foxp3mRNA含量较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;并且血清培养对照组CD4 CD25 T细胞水平及Foxp3mRNA含量均明显低于实验组(P<0.05),且其表达并不随血清浓度的增加而升高。结论CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg在ALL初诊组及化疗缓解组患者外周血中比例明显升高,且初步表明患者血清中的可溶性物质可诱导外周血CD4 CD25 T细胞转化为CD4 CD25 Treg,提示CD4 CD25 Treg可能是ALL免疫抑制的一个重要原因。     

急性冠脉综合征患者外周血中Foxp3~+调节性T细胞的变化

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血Foxp3+(包括CD4+Foxp3+和CD4+CD25+Foxp3+)调节性T细胞(Treg)的变化与意义。方法:分别采用流式细胞术(FCM)、实时定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测44例ACS患者,20例稳定性心绞痛(SA)患者和24例对照组患者外周血Treg细胞百分率,转录因子Foxp3的mRNA表达和血浆TGF-β1的浓度。结果:与对照组患者和SA组患者相比,ACS组患者外周血中CD4+Foxp3+、CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞的百分率,Foxp3 mRNA的表达和血浆TGF-β1浓度明显降低(P<0.05),而CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的百分率在三组之间并无显著性差异。结论:ACS患者外周血Foxp3+Treg数量和/或功能的下调,Foxp3+Treg的变化可能与斑块的不稳定密切相关。     

不同类型HBV感染者外周血Treg/Th17细胞的变化及意义

目的:探讨不同类型HBV感染者外周血中CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg/Th17细胞的变化及意义.方法:选取15例急性乙型肝炎(Acute Hepatitis B,AHB)患者、40例慢性乙型肝炎(Chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者、40例无症状携带者(Asymptomatic HBV carriers,AsC)及30例健康对照者,分别采用流式细胞术、RT-PCR和ELISA检测外周血CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg/Th17细胞百分率、核转录因子foxhead winged-helix box protein 3 (Foxp3)/retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt) mRNA的表达以及血浆转化生长因子-β1(Transforming growth factor-31,TGF-β1)/IL-17的水平.结果:AHB组患者CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg/CD4+T细胞百分率、Foxp3 mRNA及TGF-β1水平与正常对照组相比无明显差异(P＞0.05);而CD4+ IL-17 +/CD4+T细胞百分率、RORγtmRNA及IL-17水平与正常对照组相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CHB组患者CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg/CD4+T细胞百分率、Foxp3 mRNA、TGF-31水平及CD4+ IL-17 +/CD4+T细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA、IL-17水平与正常对照组相比均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与正常对照组相比,AsC组患者CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg/CD4+T细胞百分率、Foxp3 mR-NA、TGF-β1水平及CD4+ IL-17 +/CD4+T细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA、IL-17水平无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:在不同类型HBV感染者外周血中Treg/Th17细胞失衡,Treg/Th17细胞可能与HBV感染的状态有关.     

儿童1型糖尿病外周血Foxp3+调节T细胞和细胞因子变化及相关分析

目的 探讨初发儿童1型糖尿病(T1DM)外周血CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Foxp3+ Treg)及相关细胞因子的表达水平与自身抗体和胰岛细胞功能的关系.方法 45例儿童T1DM(T1DM组)患儿根据有无并发酮症酸中毒(DKA)和是否出现自身抗体分为DKA组、非DKA组、自身抗体阳性组、自身抗体阴性组,30例正常健康儿童作为对照组.采用流式细胞术检测外周血Foxp3+ Treg百分率,ELISA法检测血清IL-18、IL-10的表达水平,免疫印迹法(IB)检测血清谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)、胰岛素瘤相关蛋白2自身抗体(IA-2A)和胰岛素自身抗体(IAA);电化学发光法(ECLIA)检测血清空腹C肽(FC-P)水平.结果 T1DM组外周血Foxp3+ Treg百分率、血清IL-10水平和FCP含量明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01),而血清IL-18水平则显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);DKA组、自身抗体阳性组外周血Foxp3+ Treg百分率和FCP含量明显低于非DKA组和自身抗体阴性组(P＜0.01),血清IL-18水平则显著高于非DKA组和自身抗体阴性组(P＜0.01),IL-10在T1 DM各组间差异无统计学意义.T1DM组患者GADA、IA-2A和IAA的检出率明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).相关分析显示,Foxp3+Treg百分率与IL-10、FC-P水平呈正相关,而与IL-18水平及自身抗体呈负相关;IL-18与自身抗体呈正相关,而与IL-10、FC-P呈负相关;IL-10水平与FC-P含量及胰岛自身抗体无明显相关性.结论 初发儿童1型糖尿病外周血Foxp3+ Treg百分率减低及相关细胞因子的表达水平失衡可能参与了儿童T1DM的发生和发展,并与自身抗体和胰岛细胞功能相关.     

人脐带间充质干细胞对再生障碍性贫血患者Treg细胞的影响

目的:研究人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC)对再生障碍性贫血患者Treg细胞的影响,探讨其对再生障碍性贫血(AA)可能的治疗作用。方法:取传代培养第7代的hUC-MSC,密度梯度离心法分离AA-PBMC,分为3组:空白组(hUC-MSC),对照组(AA-PBMC),实验组(分别以1∶10、1∶1及10∶1的比例将hUC-MSC与AA-PBMC共培养7天),RT-PCR法测定Foxp3mRNA的相对表达量(Foxp3/β-actin),3色流式细胞仪测定Treg细胞(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+)占外周血CD4+T细胞的比例。结果:hUC-MSC不表达Foxp3mRNA,无Treg细胞存在。实验组Foxp3mRNA相对表达量、Treg细胞占外周血CD4+T细胞比例高于对照组(P<0.05),hUC-MSC与AA-PBMC比例为10∶1时,差异更显著(P<0.01)。结论:人脐带间充质干细胞体外可增加再生障碍性贫血患者Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞比例,为临床治疗提供新的理论依据;其来源广泛,目前已产业化,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

抗ICOS抗体体外对哮喘大鼠血液和淋巴液CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T细胞数量及其功能影响

目的:研究抗ICOS抗体对哮喘大鼠外周血和淋巴液来源CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)数量及其功能的影响。方法:抗ICOS抗体处理血液和淋巴液中单个核细胞(MNC),流式细胞仪检测MNC中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞百分率,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测MNC培养液上清IL-10和TGF-β1含量。结果:末次激发后各个时间点收集MNC,体外培养96 h,各组淋巴液来源MNC体外培养体系中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞百分率均显著高于血液(P<0.05),哮喘组淋巴液和血液来源MNC体外培养体系中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞百分率均显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),抗ICOS抗体组淋巴液和血液来源MNC体外培养体系中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞百分率显著低于哮喘组(P<0.05)。末次激发后0 h收集淋巴液来源和血液来源MNC培养上清中抗ICOS抗体组IL-10显著低于哮喘组和正常对照组(P<0.05);末次激发后不同时间点收集MNC培养上清中各组TGF-β1无明显差别。结论:用抗ICOS抗体阻断ICOS/ICOSL信号通路加重哮喘大鼠Treg细胞缺陷,并在哮喘激发早期0 h抑制血液和淋巴液来源MNC体外培养体系中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞分泌IL-10,但对于TGF-β1分泌无显著影响。     

类风湿关节炎患者外周血和滑液中CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞的水平变化

了解具有抑制功能的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)在类风湿关节炎(RA)中的水平变化。分离32例RA患者及35例正常对照者外周血和15例RA关节滑液中的单个核细胞,用荧光抗体标记细胞膜表面CD4、CD25分子和细胞内Foxp3转录因子,进行流式细胞分析,同时用RT-PCR方法测定单个核细胞中Foxp3 mRNA水平。实验发现RA外周血中CD4+CD25hT细胞比例(1.90±1.68)与健康人(1.81±1.79)无明显差异,而RA关节滑液中CD4+CD25+和CD4+CD25hT细胞含量却明显增高(14.98±12.52,8.94±9.67,P<0.01)。RA患者外周血单个核细胞中Foxp3+/CD4+T细胞比值(2.35±2.06)较正常人(7.25±3.98)明显降低(P<0.01),RA外周血中Foxp3 mRNA含量较正常人Treg减少,而RA关节液中Foxp3 mRNA含量较RA外周血更为低下(P<0.01)。RA患者存在CD4+CD25+Treg的异常改变,其外周血和关节液中具有抑制作用的Treg含量明显降低提示RA患者Treg数量减少及抑制功能下降可能是RA自身免疫反应亢强不能控制的原因之一。RA关节液中CD4+CD25hT细胞增高考虑与RA炎症反应造成T细胞过度活化有关。     

PI3K信号通路对哮喘小鼠调节性T细胞与Th17失衡的调控作用

目的: 探讨PI3K信号通路对哮喘小鼠T细胞中辅助性T细胞17(Th17)与CD4⁺CD 25⁺调节性T细胞(Treg)失衡的调控作用。方法: 尼龙毛柱法分选对照组和哮喘组BALB/c小鼠脾脏T细胞,进而在细胞水平分组:对照组(A组)分为2个亚组:空白对照组(A1),PI3K抑制剂LY294002对照组(A2);哮喘组(B组)继续分为4个亚组:哮喘组(B1),5 μmol/L PI3K抑制剂LY294002组(B2),10 μmol/L PI3K抑制剂LY294002组(B3),20 μmol/L PI3K抑制剂LY294002组(B4),共培养72 h,采用流式细胞仪检测CD4⁺CD 25⁺Treg的数量,酶联免疫吸附反应(ELISA)检测上清中白细胞介素(IL)-10和IL-17水平,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测转录因子Foxp3和RORγt的mRNA水平。结果: (1)分选后获得的T细胞纯度为(74.12±3.08)%,细胞存活率为(92.82±3.21)%;(2)Treg的数量B1组较A1组显著降低(P<0.01);A2组显著高于A1组(P<0.05);B3和B4组较B1组显著增高(均P<0.01);(3)IL-17水平和RORγt mRNA表达B1组较A1组显著增高(P<0.01);A2组显著低于A1组(P<0.01,P<0.05);B2、B3、B4组均显著低于B1组(均P<0.01),呈剂量依赖性降低;而IL-10水平和Foxp3 mRNA表达B1组显著低于A1组(P<0.01); A2组显著高于A1组(P<0.01);B2、B3和B4组均显著高于B1组(P<0.01),且呈浓度依赖性增高;(4)RORγt/Foxp3 mRNA的比值B1组显著高于A1组(P<0.01);A2组显著低于A1组(P<0.01);B2、B3和B4组显著低于B1组(P<0.01),且呈浓度依赖性降低;RORγt/Foxp3 mRNA比值与IL-17水平呈正相关(r=0.89,P<0.01);RORγt/Foxp3 mRNA比值与IL-10呈负相关(r=-0.86,P<0.01)。结论: 哮喘小鼠存在Th17/Treg失衡,PI3K信号通过调控Treg/Th17失衡而参与哮喘发病过程。     

卵巢癌患者外周血Th17/Treg细胞的检测及其临床意义

目的:检测卵巢癌患者外周血中辅助性T细胞17(T help cell 17,Th17)/调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)的水平并探讨其临床意义。方法:选取55例卵巢癌和60例健康对照者为研究对象,采用细胞内染色流式细胞术(Flow cytometry,FCM)、实时定量PCR(real time PCR)、酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测外周血Th17/Treg细胞百分率、核转录因子retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma-t(RORγt)/foxhead winged-helix box protein 3(Foxp3)mRNA的表达以及血浆中白细胞介素17(Interleukin-17,IL-17)/转化生长因子-β1(Transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)的水平。结果:卵巢癌患者外周血中CD4+IL-17+/CD4+T细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA及IL-17水平与正常对照组相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常对照组相比,卵巢癌患者外周血中CD4+Foxp3+Treg/CD4+T细胞百分率、Foxp3 mRNA及TGF-β1水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者外周血中Th17/Treg细胞失衡,Th17/Treg细胞可能参与卵巢癌的发病过程。     

哮喘小鼠CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节T细胞和Foxp3蛋白的变化及淫羊藿苷干预作用

目的:研究哮喘小鼠CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节T(Treg)细胞和Foxp3蛋白的变化,探讨淫羊藿苷对哮喘干预机制。方法:将BALB/c小鼠32只随机分为正常对照组、哮喘模型组、淫羊藿苷组、地塞米松阳性对照组,每组8只。哮喘模型制备用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏大鼠并雾化吸入刺激,治疗组采用相应药物灌胃给药,对照组用等量生理盐水代替。最后一次激发24小时后,采用Buxco肺功能仪有创法检测小鼠气道反应性;HE染色评价观察小鼠肺组织病理形态学改变;流式细胞术检测脾脏CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞比例及Foxp3蛋白表达量;免疫印迹法测定肺组织Foxp3蛋白表达量;ELISA法测定血清及肺泡灌洗液(BALF)IL-10水平。结果:与正常对照组比较:模型组气道阻力及气道炎症指数显著增加(P<0.05);脾Treg细胞比例无明显变化(P>0.05);脾Foxp3蛋白表达显著下降(P<0.05),肺组织Foxp3蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),外周血IL-10水平显著下降(P<0.05),BALF中IL-10无显著差异(P>0.05);与模型组比较:淫羊藿苷组气道阻力和气道炎症明显减轻(P<0.05);脾Treg细胞比例和脾Foxp3蛋白表达水平无显著变化(P>0.05),但淫羊藿苷可进一步上调哮喘小鼠肺组织Foxp3蛋白表达量(P<0.05),并增加外周血IL-10水平(P<0.05)。结论:哮喘小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞Foxp3蛋白表达水平下降,淫羊藿苷可显著改善哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道高反应,可能与其上调肺组织Foxp3蛋白表达和增加外周血IL-10水平相关。     

地塞米松体外短期处理影响Ⅰ型调节性T 细胞与自然调节性T 细胞平衡

目的:本研究拟通过地塞米松体外短期处理外周血淋巴细胞探讨地塞米松对调节性T 细胞包括自然调节性T 细胞(Natural regulatory T cell,Treg)和Ⅰ型调节性T 细胞(Type I regulatory T cell,Tr1) 的影响。方法:取健康人外周血淋巴细胞,分为地塞米松处理组和阴性对照组,处理3 d 后按多色分析法进行染色,用流式细胞仪检测并分析CD25、CD127、淋巴细胞活化因子3(Lymphocyte-activation 3,LAG-3)和叉头样转录因子3(Forkhead box P3,Foxp3)的表达及Treg 和Tr1 的频率变化。结果:相对于对照组,地塞米松处理3 d 后CD4+ T 细胞频率增加且呈剂量依赖性;CD4+ T 细胞上CD25 和Foxp3 的表达显著降低(P =0.006,P<0.000 1),而CD127 和LAG-3 表达显著升高(P<0.000 1、P =0.011);Treg 频率显著降低(P<0.001),而Tr1频率显著升高(P =0.051),且增加Tr1/ Treg 细胞比率(P =0.044)。结论:地塞米松体外短期处理上调Tr1 比率,下调Treg 比率,改变Tr1 与Treg 细胞平衡。     

Inflammatory Cytokines and the Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes

This study evaluates peripheral blood T lymphocyte expression of inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines as well as T regulatory (Treg) (FOXP3+CD25+CD4+) cells in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Participants included 40 T2DM and 30 healthy control subjects. Twenty-four patients had no complications while 16 were afflicted with coronary heart disease (CHD). Relative to healthy subjects, all T2DM patients showed a significant increase in expression of CD4+IFN-ϒ+, CD4+TNF-α+, and CD4+IL-8+ T cells (P < 0.001) as well as CD4+IL-6+, CD4+IL-1β+, and IL-17+ T cells (P < 0.05) while the ratios of Treg/Th1(CD4+IFN-ϒ+) and Treg/Th-17(CD4+IL-17+) cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). T2DM patients with CHD showed a significant increase in CD4+IFN-ϒ+, CD4+TNF-α+, and CD4+IL-17+ T cells and a significant decrease in Treg/Th1 and Treg/IL-17 cells compared to T2DM patients without CHD (P < 0.05). In CHD-afflicted T2DM, HbA1c correlated positively with CD4+IFN-ϒ+ T cells (P < 0.01), HDL correlated negatively with each of CD4+IL-8+ T cells and CD4+IL-17+ T cells (P < 0.05), and LDL correlated positively with CD4+IL-1β+ T cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion. This study shows that hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia correlate with increased inflammatory cytokine expression and suggests the involvement of T cells in the development of diabetes and its complications.     

Altered regulatory T cell phenotype in latent autoimmune diabetes of the adults (LADA)

Latent autoimmune diabetes of the adults (LADA) accounts for up to 12% of all patients with diabetes. Initially the disease resembles type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the typical presence of β cell autoantibodies indicates an autoimmune basis of LADA. While dysfunctional regulatory T cells (T_regs) have been implicated in autoimmune diabetes, these cells have been scarcely studied in LADA. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and phenotype of circulating T_regs in LADA patients early during disease progression. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on whole blood and peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients diagnosed with LADA prior to insulin deficiency (n = 39) and from healthy volunteers (n = 20). Overall, we found the frequency and activation status of peripheral putative T_regs to be altered in LADA patients compared to healthy controls. While total T cells and CD4⁺ T cells expressing high levels of CD25 (CD4⁺CD25^hi) were unchanged, the frequency and total numbers of CD4⁺ T cells expressing an intermediate level of CD25 (CD4⁺CD25^int) were decreased in LADA patients. Interestingly, the expression of the T_reg‐specific marker forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), as well as the activation and memory makers CD69, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4), CCR4 and CD45RO were increased in CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells of the patients. Our data depict phenotypical changes in T cells of LADA patients that may reflect a derangement in peripheral immune regulation contributing to the slow process leading to insulin‐dependent diabetes in these patients.     

Human CD19(+)CD25(high) B regulatory cells suppress proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and enhance Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression in T-regulatory cells

Studies in both animal models and humans have shown a subset of B cells behaving as immuno-regulatory cells, being a source of inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. Our aims were to establish the presence of human B regulatory (Breg) cells and to assess their ability to suppress proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and to mediate T regulatory (Treg) cells' properties. For this purpose, human Breg, CD4(+) T and Treg cells were purified using magnetic microbeads. CFSE-labeled CD4(+) T cells were stimulated and cultured alone or with Breg cells. Their proliferative response was determined 72 hours later based on the CFSE staining. In parallel, Treg cells were cultured alone or with Breg cells in different conditions for 24 hours, and then stained and analyzed for Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression. We found that, the co-culture of Breg cells (defined as CD25(high) CD27(high) CD86(high) CD1d(high) IL-10(high) TGF-β(high)) with autologous stimulated CD4(+) T cells decreased significantly (in a dose-dependent way) the proliferative capacity of CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells were enhanced by non-stimulated and further by ODN-CD40L stimulated Breg cells. The regulatory function of Breg cells on Treg cells was mainly dependent on a direct contact between Breg and Treg cells, but was also TGF-β but not IL-10 dependent. In conclusion, human Breg cells decrease the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and also enhance the expression of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in Treg cells by cell-to-cell contact.     

成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病患者CD4+CD25+T细胞的变化研究

目的：通过观察成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病（LADA）患者CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的变化并与速发性1型糖尿病（T1 DM）比较，了解成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病患者T细胞免疫功能的变化及与1型糖尿病的异同点。方法：LADA组24例，速发性T1DM18例，对照组20例，应用流式细胞技术测定3组人选者T细胞表面分子CD4、CD8、CD25、CD4^＋CD25^＋、CD8^＋CD25^＋、CD4^＋CD25^＋CD62L^＋，以百分比表示各表面分子阳性T细胞占外周血淋巴细胞的比例。结果：LADA与T1DM组CD4^＋T细胞、CD4／CD8比值明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．01），LADA与T1DM对比无差异。LADA组CD25^＋、CD4^＋CD25^＋、CD4^＋CD25^＋CD62L^＋T细胞高于健康对照组（P〈0．05），明显高于T1 DM组（P〈0．01）。T1 DM组CD25^＋、CD4^＋CD25^＋、CD4^＋CD25^＋CD62L^＋T细胞略低于健康对照组，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：LADA患者外周血中诱导免疫耐受的CD4^＋CD25^＋、CD4^＋CD25^＋CD62L^＋T细胞较对照组升高并明显高于T1 DM患者。LADA患者胰岛B细胞功能下降较速发性T1 DM患者相对缓慢可能与CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的免疫保护有关。     

Low-dose IL-2 therapy restores imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T cells in patients with the dermatomyositis combined with EBV/CMV viremia

ObjectiveDermatomyositis (DM) is closely associated with infection, the levels of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations are rarely studied in patients with DM combined with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)/cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Here, we aimed to observe the level of lymphocyte subsets, especially Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells in DM combined with EBV/CMV viremia, and explore the effects of short-term low-dose IL-2.Methods34 DM patients combined with EBV/CMV viremia (DM infection group), 31 DM patients without infection (DM non-infection group) and 20 healthy controls were entrolled in our study. In DM infection group, 13 patients received low-dose IL-2 at 0.50 Million IU/day for a five-day course on the basis of conventional treatment. All subjects had completed the decetion of the absolute numbers of lymphocytes subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry.ResultsThe infection group had significant decreases levels of total T, total B, NK, CD4 + T cells and CD4 + T subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg cells). Compare to the healthy controls, Th17 cells was significantly reduced in the infection group, but not in the non-infection group (P < 0.001 vs. P = 0.171). After low-dose IL-2 therapy, the levels of Treg (P = 0.001) cells and Th17 cells were significantly elevated, re-balancing the Th17 and Treg proportions.ConclusionsThe absolute numbers of Th17 and Treg cells in DM patients with EBV/CMV viremia is further reduced. In addition to Treg cells, a decrease in Th17 cells may be also a crucial feature. Low-dose IL-2 treatment may be beneficial and safe prospect immunomodulatory therapy to restores imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells for these patients. Low-dose IL-2 therapy may be a new prospect field with some challenges such as long-term immunoregulatory utility in various virus infection.     

慢性HBV感染者调节性T细胞水平及Foxp3与CD127表达关系的研究

目的 探讨慢性HBV感染者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋调节性T细胞（RegulatoryT,Treg）的水平,并研究其两种细胞标志--CD127分子的低表达与Foxp3转录因子表达之间的关系.方法 采集34例免疫耐受期、26例免疫清除期和31例非活动或低（非）复制期慢性HBV感染者的外周全血,用流式细胞术分析CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞和CD4^＋CD25^＋CD127^（low）T细胞的频率.结果 在慢性HBV感染者外周血中,免疫耐受组CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞和CD4^＋CD25^＋CD127^（low）T细胞的频率均比非活动或低（非）复制组高（Z=-2.693,P=0.007和t=3.251,P=0.002）;且病毒阳性组（免疫耐受组＋免疫清除组）比非活动或低（非）复制组高（t=2.266,P=0.026和t=3.208,P=0.002）;ALT异常组（免疫清除组）与ALT正常组（免疫耐受组＋非活动或低（非）复制组）之间的比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.91例病例外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞和CD4^＋CD25^＋CD127^（low）T细胞之间的表达有一致性,但两者频率的差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.718,P〈0.001）.结论 调节性T细胞在慢性HBV感染者病毒高复制组中明显升高.CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞中CD127分子的低表达与Foxp3转录因子的表达有一致性,但前者代表Treg的频率明显高于后者.     

Hydrogen-Rich Saline Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis by Reversing the Imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Up-Regulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells,Interleukin-10, and Membrane-Bound Transforming Growth Factor-β in Guinea Pigs

It is well known that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells play an important role in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR); the defect of cell numbers and functions contribute to AR. Hydrogen has been proven effective in alleviating symptoms of AR. We herein aim to verify the protective effects of hydrogen on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in guinea pigs with AR and to explore the effect of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in animals with AR and investigate the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism. Eighteen guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups (control group/AR group/AR-HRS group). The guinea pigs were injected with hydrogen-rich saline (AR-HRS group) for 10 days after sensitization. The control group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline. The number of sneezes, degree of runny nose, and nasal-rubbing movements were scored. Peripheral blood eosinophil count was recorded. The proportions of Th1/Th2 of the peripheral blood and the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in the CD4+T cells of the spleen and peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. The content of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein and mRNA expression of Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β were determined by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. Scores of symptoms, number of eosinophils,and nasal mucosa damage were dramatically reduced after HRS treatment. HRS increased the expression of Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-β, and number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells, which were reduced in AR. HRS also revised the dysregulation of Th1/Th2 balance. Both the number and biological activity of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells increased with up-regulation of Th1/Th2 after HRS administration. HRS could play a protective role in attenuating AR through improving the proportion and functions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells.     

The epigenetic modification during the induction of Foxp3 with sodium butyrate

Context: CD4?+?CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes are critical for immune homeostasis. Foxp3 (Forkhead Box protein P3) is always considered as a marker of function and identities determination of Treg cells because of special occurring in Treg cell. People who lack Treg cells or have a low expression of Foxp3 gene will suffer fatal autoimmunity. Scientists are trying to use Treg cells as a treatment for autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: Our objective was to induce Foxp3?+?CD4+ T cells from naïve CD4?+?T cells isolated from C57 mice spleen in vitro using stimuli that include the short chain fatty acid sodium butyrate. Furthermore, to explore the relationship between Foxp3+ T cells induction and epigenetic modification, by observing the changes of Foxp3, Ezh2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) and phosphorylated Ezh2 in the induced Treg cells.

Materials and methods: The naïve CD4+ T cells were separated from C57 mice spleen by immunomagnetic separation. Anti-CD28, anti-CD3, IL-2, TGF-β1, and sodium butyrate were added with proper concentration to induce Foxp3 expression during 72?hours. Then, we observed the effect of GSK126 (Ezh2 inhibitor) on the induction within the same over 72?hours duration. Then, western blot and Q-PCR were used to see the changes in gene/protein expression of Foxp3, Ezh2, and phosphorylated Ezh2.

Results: According to our results, group 3 that received full stimulus had a significant higher level of Foxp3 and Ezh2 expression (p?p?p?p?p?p?Conclusion: In this study, we were able to transform CD4?+?T cells into CD4?+?Foxp3?+?T cell by using stimulus like antibodies (anti-CD28, anti-CD3) and cytokines (IL-2, TGF-β1). Sodium butyrate contributes to CD4?+?Foxp3?+?T cell induction in vitro and at an optimum concentration of 5?mM. Sodium butyrate promotes expression of Ezh2 and Fxop3 of T cells in vitro; in addition, to lowering relative expression of phosphorylated Ezh2 probably be influencing some pathways like PI3K-Akt. Epigenetic modification is also thought to take essential part into the upregulation of Foxp3 from naïve CD4?+?Tcells.