直接抗球蛋白试验阳性非自身免疫性溶血性贫血受血者的临床特征和输血对策

目的 探讨直接抗球蛋白试验(DAT)阳性非自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)受血者临床特点以及对临床输血的影响与对策.方法 收集57例临床DAT阳性的非AIHA受血者为实验组,其中18例输注洗涤红细胞,39例输注普通红细胞悬液,对照组为18例DAT阴性的常规输血患者.采用微柱凝胶法及凝聚胺法进行配血.检测患者血清间接胆红素(IBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)浓度以及输血后每单位红细胞血红蛋白变化值(△Hb/U).结果 IBIL在2组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),ALB实验组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);实验组中输注红细胞悬液受血者与输注洗涤红细胞受血者△Hb/U与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义;所有输血者均未发现溶血性输血不良反应.结论 非AIHA患者的DAT阳性可能是由非血型抗原特异性球蛋白黏附于红细胞上所致,该类患者输血时输注普通红细胞悬液是安全有效的.     

少白细胞红细胞悬液输注在临床输血中对输血安全性及凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨少白细胞红细胞悬液输注在临床输血中对输血安全性及凝血功能的影响。方法 选取2020年5月—2022年7月期间深圳市前海蛇口自贸区医院收治的100例需输血治疗的患者为研究对象,按照输血先后顺序分组,各组50例,对照组采用常规方法输血(未经白细胞过滤的红细胞悬液),观察组行少白细胞红细胞悬液输注,对两组患者输血后不良反应、凝血功能、炎性指标水平进行比较。结果 输血治疗后,观察组各炎性指标水平更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);输血治疗前,两组患者凝血四项指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),输血治疗后,观察组凝血酶时间(thrombin time, TT)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time, PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)水平更低、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen, FIB)水平更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);输血治疗后,两组患者各免疫功能指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组输血不良反应发生率为2.00%,明显较对照组16....     

手术患者输注冰冻红细胞的安全性探讨

目的观察外科手术患者术中输注冰冻红细胞的安全性和有效性。方法选择30例择期手术患者术中输注冰冻红细胞2~5 U,对患者输注前后血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能进行检测以及输注前后有无输血相关副反应进行观测。结果患者输血后24 h,72 h RBC计数,MCV,HGB,MCHC和PLT含量与输血前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),WBC计数与输血前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);输血后72 h ALT,TB,CR,K 和BUN与输血前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。输血前后无尿常规改变及输血相关副反应。结论冰冻红细胞在外科手术患者中输注安全有效,无输血相关副反应,因而临床上可解决稀有血型患者大量输血要求。     

成分输血的应用

近年来,临床输血取得了很大的进展,从输注全血发展到成分输血。我院从1993年1月正式开展成分输血,制备和输注的血液成分有浓缩血小板悬液(PC)、浓缩白细胞悬液(BC)、压积红细胞悬液(RCC)、洗涤红细胞悬液(WRC)、代血浆血(BSP)、新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)、冷沉淀共7种,现将我院成分输血的情况介绍如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 统计资料:本院普通病房、老干部病房、第二住院部的住院病人以及门诊病人1993年～1994年两年全部用血数据。 1.2 统计方法:每月月底统计全月采血总量,     

去除白细胞输血对预防非溶血性输血后发热反应的应用价值

目的探讨去除白细胞输血对预防非溶血性输血后发热反应(FNHTR)的应用价值。方法将该院需行输血的650例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予未去除白细胞的普通红细胞悬液,而观察组给予去除白细胞的少白细胞红细胞悬液。分析两种红细胞悬液的常规指标;输液患者总体、不同保存期(7、14、21d)、不同输血次数的FNHTR发生率情况。结果除白细胞和血小板外,去除白细胞对红细胞悬液的红细胞数和血红蛋白含量没有影响,且不同的保存天数对两者的常规指标没有影响;观察组总体及1次输血(P<0.01),2～3次和3次以上输血(P<0.05)的FNHTR发生率均低于对照组。结论去除白细胞输血可预防非溶血性输血后发热反应,尤其在预防因多次输血而引起的非溶血性输血后发热反应效果显著。     

红细胞贮存代谢对临床输血有效性与安全性的作用研究

目的研究贮存红细胞的代谢变化与临床输注有效性与安全性的关系,为临床安全有效输血提供新的实验依据。方法 119袋红细胞悬液中保存期3 d的20袋,8 d的25袋,15 d的30袋,28 d的28袋,32 d的16袋;分别输注给119位外科手术患者,并分析它们输注的有效率;采用NO荧光探针技术检测不同保存期贮存红细胞中一氧化氮浓度,分别于输血前后,用硫代巴比妥法检测血清中MDA含量,氧化酶法检测SOD的活性。结果随着红细胞制剂贮存期延长NO水平有持续下降的趋势(P<0.05);红细胞制剂输注有效率也随之下降,差异有统计学意义;贮存期28、32 d的红细胞悬液,输血后3 h,患者血浆MDA水平上升,SOD水平下降,与输血前相比2者均有显著性差异(P<0.05),输血后24 h,MDA水平与输血前相比虽有增加,但2者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);贮存期为3、8、15 d的红细胞悬液,输血3 h、24 h后,血浆内SOD与MDA与输血前水平相当,均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论随着保存期的延长,贮存红细胞悬液中一氧化氮浓度明显下降,并与临床输注的有效性相关,同时红细胞贮存代谢物可能对患者输血会造成暂时性氧化应激损伤。     

围手术期去白细胞输血与术后切口感染的关系

目的探讨围手术期输注去白细胞输血与患者术后切口感染的关系。方法对2008年1月至2009年6月来自本院外科、妇科、口腔科病区的427例手术患者的病例资料进行围手术期输注去白细胞悬液与术后切口感染关系的回顾性调查分析。结果输注去白细胞悬液组切口感染率为13.1%,未输血组切口感染率为11.1%,2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但是随着去白细胞输血量增加,切口感染发生率逐渐增加,去白细胞悬液输血量为8～12 U组和12～16 U组同2～4 U组相比切口感染发生率明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论围手术期患者术后感染发生率与输注去白细胞悬液之间无明显相关性,但大量输注去白细胞悬液可能会成为增加术后切口感染率的一个危险指标,对于去白细胞悬液临床医生应慎重、合理应用。     

白细胞滤除对保存期内红细胞流变性和形态的影响

目的 探讨白细胞滤除对保存期红细胞流变性及形态的影响.方法 选择30名健康献血者的血液制备成红细胞悬液,随机分为实验组(n=30):使用去白细胞输血过滤器去除红细胞悬液中的白细胞(简称滤白组);对照组(n=30):未滤白的红细胞悬液;2组一起常规保存.取采血后d0、d7、d14、d21、d28、d35的血标本作白细胞(WBC)和红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积、血液高剪切力、低剪切力及细胞形态学检测.结果 过滤前后红细胞悬液内的WBC为(6.80±0.85)(× 109/L) vs (3.12±0.26)(×106/L) (P ＜0.01);保存d21时低、高切粘度分别为:对照组(11.28±1.88)1/s、(2.85±0.29)200/s,滤白组(12.36±1.57)1/s、(2.93±0.22) 200/s,较保存1～2周明显上升(P＜0.05),但组间比较未见明显著变化(P＞0.05);瑞氏染色结果显示2组细胞形态也有不同变化,滤白组红细胞形态保存较好.结论 白细胞滤除能有效减少白细胞崩解产物或分泌因子对红细胞形态的影响.     

红细胞悬液与血浆不同比例输注在异位妊娠破裂大出血患者大量输血中的应用效果观察

目的探讨红细胞悬液与血浆不同比例输注在异位妊娠破裂大出血患者大量输血中的应用效果。方法选择2014年3月-2018年5月我院异位妊娠破裂大出血患者114例,均行大量输血治疗,按输血过程中输注血浆与红细胞比例不同分为A组(n=47)、B组(n=39)、C组(n=28)。A组采取高比例血浆输注(血浆与红细胞比例>1:1),B组采取中比例血浆输注(血浆与红细胞比例处于1:2~1:1),C组采取低比例血浆输注(血浆与红细胞比例<1:2)。比较3组住院时间,病死率,不良事件发生率,血液制品输注情况及输注前与24 h后血常规指标(PLT、Hb)、凝血功能指标(APTT、PT、Fg)水平。结果3组病死率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组住院时间短于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组输注24 h内血小板、冷沉淀、悬浮红细胞的输注量相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组住院期间红细胞输注总量低于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组输注24 h后Hb水平与输注前比较及各组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),输注24 h后B组、C组的PLT水平均较输注前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组输注24 h后PLT水平均高于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);输注24 h后B组、C组的APTT、PT水平均较输注前提高,Fg水平较输注前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组输注24 h后APTT、PT水平低于B组、C组,Fg水平高于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组不良事件发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论异位妊娠破裂大出血患者大量输血时将血浆和红细胞悬液比例控制在1:1之上,可防止凝血功能障碍发生,减少住院期间红细胞输注总量,促进患者恢复。     

手术患者输注红细胞悬液临床效果观察

随着成分输血观念的提高 ,手术和外伤急性失血患者红细胞悬液输注的比例越来越大。笔者调查了部分输血患者输注全血和红细胞悬液的临床效果和不良反应发生情况 ,并对全血及红细胞悬液优缺点对比分析如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　两组分别为输注全血组和输注红细胞悬液组。均为外科手术及外伤手术病例 ,出血量在 6 0 0～ 10 0 0 ml。输注全血组 4 0例 ,年龄 2 0～ 5 6岁 ;输注红细胞悬液组 4 0例 ,年龄 2 2～ 6 0岁。1.2　方法　 1红细胞悬液 :由本站制备并提供 (MAP)添加剂 ,ACD保存液三联袋 ,上海血液中心提供 )。制备过程 :三联袋采…     

A narrative review of prehospital hemorrhagic shock treatment with non-blood product medications

Background

Hemorrhagic shock remains a leading cause of death in both military and civilian trauma casualties. While standard of care involves blood product administration, maintaining normothermia, and restoring hemostatic function, alternative strategies to treat severe hemorrhage at or near the point of injury are needed. We reviewed adjunct solutions for managing severe hemorrhage in the prehospital environment.

Methods

We performed a literature review by searching PubMed with a combination of several keywords. Additional pertinent studies were identified by crossreferencing primary articles. Clinical experience of each author was also considered.

Results

We identified several promising antishock therapies that can be utilized in the prehospital setting: ethinyl estradiol sulfate (EES), polyethylene glycol 20,000 (PEG20K), C1 esterase inhibitors (e.g. Berinert, Cinryze), cyclosporin A, niacin, bortezomib, rosiglitazone, icatibant, diazoxide, and valproic acid (VPA).

Conclusion

Several studies show promising adjunct treatment options in the management of severe prehospital hemorrhage. While some are rarely used, many others are readily available and commonly utilized for other indications. This suggests the potential for future use in resourcelimited settings. Human studies and case reports supporting their use are currently lacking.     

Risk factors for massive transfusion in obstetrical hemorrhage and consideration of a whole blood program

Background

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of obstetric complications. The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for obstetric (OB) massive transfusion (MT) and determine the feasibility of developing a low-titer group O RhD-positive whole blood (LTO + WB) protocol for OB hemorrhage.

Study Design and Methods

A retrospective study of OB patients who received transfusion within 24 h. MT patients were those who received >3 U of pRBC within 1 h or > 10 U in 24 h. Patient demographics, OB history, comorbidities, blood type, antibody status, and known risk factors for PPH and maternal-fetal outcomes were compared. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Of the 610 transfused OB patients, 12.0% (n = 73) required MT. Groups were well matched for body mass index (BMI), maternal comorbidities, and history of spontaneous vaginal deliveries. The incidence of the previous cesarean section was higher in the MT group. Exactly 93.9% of patients were RhD-positive and 3.77% of all patients possessed an antibody on pretransfusion testing. Patients with MT had a longer length of stay (LOS), higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, fetal death, and hysterectomy. Multivariate analysis found age >35, PPH, placenta percreta, accreta, and increta to be significant (p < .05) risk factors for MT.

Discussion

Patients over 35 years and those with abnormal placentation are at increased risk of requiring MT. With a time to delivery of 2 days, potential MT patients can be identified early, and with a 94% rate of RhD-positive+, they are eligible to receive low-titer O whole blood (LTOWB) providing hemostatic resuscitation with reduced donor exposure.     

Transfusion-associated adverse events incidence and severity after the implementation of an active hemovigilance program with 24 h follow-up. A prospective cohort study

Background

Hemovigilance (HV) is usually based on voluntary reports (passive HV). Our aim is to ascertain credible incidence, severity, and mortality of transfusion-associated adverse events (TAAEs) using an active HV program.

Study Design and Methods

Prospective cohort study to estimate transfusion risk after 46,488 transfusions in 5830 patients, using an active HV program with follow-up within the first 24 h after transfusion. We compared these results to those with the previously established passive HV program during the same 30 months of the study. We explored factors associated with the occurrence of TAAEs using generalized estimating equations models.

Results

With the active HV program TAAEs incidence was 57.3 (95% CI, 50.5–64.2) and mortality 1.1 (95% CI, 0.13–2.01) per 10,000 transfusions. Incidence with the new surveillance model was 14.0 times higher than with the passive. Most events occurred when transfusions had already finished (60.2%); especially pulmonary events (80.4%). Three out of five deaths and 50.3% of severe TAAEs were pulmonary. In the multivariate analysis surgical patients had half TAAEs risk when compared to medical patients (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34–0.78) and women had nearly twice the risk of a pulmonary event compared to men (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.03–3.32). Patient's age, blood component type, or blood component shelf-life were unrelated to TAAEs risk.

Discussion

Active hemovigilance programs provide additional data which may lead to better recognition and understanding of TAAEs and their frequency and severity.