玻璃离子和树脂封闭剂对乳磨牙窝沟封闭的临床效果比较

目的:分别利用玻璃离子和树脂封闭剂对乳磨牙进行窝沟封闭,对封闭剂的完好保留率和防龋效果进行比较。方法:在某一所幼儿园内挑选50例3岁的幼儿进行窝沟封闭治疗,在随后的追访过程中有3例失访。实验采用同颌对侧同名牙进行对照的方法,一共对188颗乳磨牙进行了窝沟封闭治疗。其中144个牙面采用树脂封闭,142个牙面采用玻璃离子封闭。分别在治疗后1周、3个月和6个月对这286个牙面进行效果评价。结果:治疗后1周、3个月和6个月,树脂封闭剂的完好保留率分别是100.0%、98.9%、93.6%,而玻璃离子封闭剂分别为98.9%、59.6%、50.0%。玻璃离子封闭的牙面在治疗后1周、3个月和6个月的龋齿发生率分别为0、7.9%、9.8%,而树脂封闭的牙面无龋齿发生。结论:在治疗后3个月和6个月时,玻璃离子封闭剂与树脂封闭剂相比,其完好保留率和龋齿发生率之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。提示对乳磨牙进行窝沟封闭治疗,树脂封闭剂的完好保留率比玻璃离子封闭剂要高,而玻璃离子封闭剂脱落后的牙齿患龋率比树脂封闭要高。     

GC Fuji Ⅶ玻璃离子应用于乳牙窝沟封闭疗效评价

目的:探讨GC FujiⅦ玻璃离子体应用于乳牙窝沟封闭的疗效,提高窝沟封闭对预防儿童龋齿的临床效果。方法:随机选择2009年6月～2010年6月45例2～5岁患儿,采用自身半口对照的方法。80颗牙应用GC FujiⅦ玻璃离子体进行乳磨牙窝沟封闭;80颗牙应用光固化窝沟封闭剂进行乳牙窝沟封闭。评价两组1年、2年的保留成功率。同时分别统计两组每牙椅旁操作时间。结果:随访2年后发现采用GC FujiⅦ进行乳磨牙窝沟封闭,充填成功率为90.0%,光固化组为73.7%,两组成功率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。充填后2年FujiⅦ组继发龋发病率为1.2%,光固化窝沟封闭剂组继发龋发病率为9.2%。而FujiⅦ组、光固化组每牙平均操作时间分别为(4.0±0.5)min、(5.2±0.7)min,两组差异有统计学意义(t=9.664,P=0.000)。结论:GC FujiⅦ预防乳牙窝沟龋临床效果优于光固化窝沟封闭剂,而且操作时间缩短,提高了临床医生的工作效率,值得推广应用。     

两种窝沟封闭剂预防儿童龋齿效果分析

目的 比较光固化树脂与玻璃离子封闭剂对第一恒磨牙的防龋效果. 方法 选择7-9岁儿童160名,口腔内第一恒磨牙无龋.每名儿童一侧的恒磨牙用常规光固化窝沟封闭,另一侧用玻璃离子封闭剂封闭窝沟,随访1年,观察两种材料在牙面上的保留情况和患龋率. 结果 封闭后部分和完全脱落率均随封闭时间延长而增加,封闭1年和6月完全脱落率和完整保存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).光固化树脂窝沟封闭的完整保存率较玻璃离子略高,但在两种方法间进行比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组儿童磨牙窝沟封闭后,6个月时检查患龋率,光固化树脂组(320颗)和玻璃组(320颗)患龋率分别为1(0.31%)和2(0.63%);1年时分别为12(3.75%)和14(4.38%).两种方法预防龋齿效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 两种窝沟封闭均能有效防龋,光固化树脂适宜在条件较好的牙科诊所进行,玻璃离子适用于大面积提供口腔保健,对于缺乏投资设备的地区,能用较少投入和较短时间达到龋病预防目的 .     

光固化窝沟封闭剂和玻璃离子用于治疗乳牙浅龋的临床效果比较

目的 探讨光固化窝沟封闭剂和玻璃离子治疗乳牙浅龋的临床疗效.方法选择该院口腔科就诊的乳磨牙浅龋儿童83例,分为观察组(n=43)与对照组(n=40),观察组采用光固化窝沟封闭剂对龋损部位及窝沟进行封闭,对照组采用玻璃离子对龋损部位及窝沟进行封闭,比较2组封闭剂保留情况和患龋情况.结果 随访2年,观察组封闭剂保存率为81.03%,对照组保存率为67.27%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患龋率为5.17%,对照组患龋率为18.18%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 光固化窝沟封闭剂保存率较高,有效预防窝沟龋的发生,有较好的临床疗效.     

树脂型和高粉液比玻璃离子封闭剂的防龋效果比较

[目的]比较树脂型和高粉液比玻璃离子封闭剂窝沟封闭对第一恒磨牙的防龋效果。[方法]对178名儿童的一侧第一恒磨牙采用常规光固化窝沟封闭，另一侧采用高粉液比玻璃离子加ART指压技术封闭。观察2种方法在不同阶段的保留率和患龋率。[结果]疏水性树脂型封闭剂的临床完全脱落率低于玻璃离子组，但防龋效果两者类似。[结论]2种窝沟封闭法均能有效防龋，树脂型适宜在隔湿条件好的牙科诊所进行，玻璃离子型适用于大面积主动提供口腔保健。     

苏州市小学生第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭项目实施质量评价

了解苏州市适龄儿童(7~9岁)第一恒磨牙免费窝沟封闭项目实施1年后效果,为有效开展小学生龋齿防治工作提供合理化建议.方法 2014年底整群抽取苏州市20所小学,对其中接受过2013年窝沟封闭的学生进行复查.以封闭剂保留率作为主要指标,评估项目实施的效果.结果 小学生第一恒磨牙总体封闭剂保留率为71.1%;可疑龋牙齿封闭剂保留率(68.58%)及深而窄窝沟牙齿封闭剂保留率(69.89%)低于一般深窝沟牙齿封闭剂保留率(71.98%)(X2=6.481,P<0.05);不同学校封闭剂保留率差异有统计学意义(X2=81.451,P<0.05);不同颌位封闭剂保留率差异无统计学意义(X2 =3.784,P>0.05).结论 小学生第一恒磨牙总体封闭剂保留率不高,窝沟封闭的效果除了受材料性能、临床操作及适应证选择的影响,合理的组织管理也是重要影响因素.项目还需从多个方面进行完善.     

6～7岁儿童第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭防龋效果观察

目的:了解窝沟封闭剂预防龋齿的临床效果。方法:将4 6 7例儿童的第一恒磨牙分为两组,一侧第一恒磨牙进行光固化窝沟封闭,为实验组;另侧同名牙不做封闭,为对照组。进行1～3年的随访观察。结果:封闭了93 4颗牙,3年复查后的封闭剂保留率76. 0 5 % ,龋齿降低率92. 6 5 %。结论:窝沟封闭能有效地预防窝沟龋的发生,是目前预防窝沟龋的较好方法之一     

广州市2018—2021年儿童六龄齿免费窝沟封闭质量调查

目的 掌握广州市2018—2021年儿童六龄齿免费窝沟封闭的质量。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法，在广州市11个行政区各随机抽取2所小学，收集2018—2021年窝沟封闭项目实施的相关数据，计算封闭率、复查率、重封闭率以及封闭剂保留率等指标。结果 广州市2018—2021年儿童六龄齿窝沟封闭项目的牙数封闭率为89.7%，复查率为77.3%，封闭剂的保留率和完好率分别为98.3%和88.5%，重封闭率为71.2%；城区和农村的保留率分别为98.7%和97.2%(χ²=52.67,P<0.001)，完好率分别为89.3%和85.7%(χ²=47.72,P<0.001)，城区均高于农村。结论 广州市儿童六龄齿窝沟封闭项目的质量较好，封闭剂保留率和完好率均保持在较高水准，但仍需重视复查和重封闭工作。可进一步提升农村地区封闭质量，降低儿童患龋率。     

窝沟封闭的临床应用研究

[目的]评价光固化窝沟封闭在一般条件下用于预防龋病的效果。[方法]随机地对40例儿童一侧的216恒牙用光固化窝沟封闭剂进行窝沟封闭术，而用对侧的同名牙作对照，不做窝沟封闭，分别观察患龋情况，[结果]术后1～3年随诊检查结果光固化窝沟封闭剂保留率均较高。龋病患病率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。龋降低率分别是75％、90％、81．25％，未封闭窝沟与龋病有强相关性。[结论]光固化窝沟封闭是一种可靠的预防窝沟龋的方法，值得广泛推广应用。     

窝沟釉质成型封闭术防龋临床观察

窝沟封闭术(EST)是预防龋齿的有效方法,但封闭剂的渗透程度、保留率以及边缘封闭性决定了EST的成败。为观察EST对早期窝沟龋及窝沟着色牙的临床效果,对53例116颗第一恒磨牙早期窝沟龋和窝沟着色牙采用窝沟釉质成型封闭术防龋。经2年访观察,取得了较好的临床效果,现报道如下:1一般资料随机选择门诊就诊的7~10岁儿童53例,完全萌出的第一恒磨牙有早期窝沟龋或窝沟着色牙116颗。采用Concise可见光固化封闭剂(美国3 M公司)、Densply光固化机。用细金刚砂车针沿窝沟行走方向扩大窝沟开口,去除龋坏组织或色素,不做预防性扩展。生理盐水冲洗并…     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.