老年人肺炎难治原因分析

目的分析老年人肺炎的难治原因。方法对我院2009年1月~2010年12月收治的58例老年人肺炎的临床资料进行分析。结果老年人肺炎临床表现不典型、基础病多、并发症多、革兰氏阴性杆菌多、治疗困难。结论重视老年人肺炎的早期诊断,及早进行综合性治疗,才能提高治愈率,降低死亡率。     

吉林省农村老年人健康满意度及其影响因素

目的探讨吉林省农村老年人的健康满意度,并对其影响因素进行分析。方法利用笔者2016年对吉林省农村老年人健康满意度进行的调查数据,运用以理性经济人为假设前提的Logistic回归模型,对当前农村老年人健康满意度及其影响因素进行实证分析,找出显著影响因素。结果性别、年龄、接受教育程度和是否和子女一起生活对农村老年人健康满意度影响不显著;医疗状况、家庭人均年可支配收入、婚姻状况、周边对老人态度、子女情况和居住区域对农村老年人健康满意度有显著的影响。结论本文的研究成果为提高农村老年群体健康满意度提供相应的政策依据。     

北京市社区老年人跌倒的发生率及干预效果评价

目的了解北京市社区老年人跌倒的发生情况,并对老年人跌倒干预措施效果进行评价。方法采用分层整群抽样法于2005年选取北京市东城区龙潭街道办事处所管辖的社区的60岁及以上老年人1 512人进行基线调查后,每年对社区老年人进行干预,干预措施包括健康教育知识讲座、制定个性化方案、科普知识普及等,2009年再次对相同社区老年人的跌倒情况进行随访调查,调查方式均采用按统一设计的老年人跌倒调查问卷,以面对面询问方式进行入户调查。结果 272人(18.0%)在1年中发生跌倒高于干预后随访调查的老年人标准化跌倒率(11.6%)(χ2=7.330,P=0.007)。随访调查的472例老年人干预后认为自己得到预防跌倒知识、步态正常、从不担心和经常担心自己跌倒、情绪不稳定的比例均为高于干预前(均P<0.05);而常服药的比例干预后低于干预前(P=0.002)。结论北京市社区老年人跌倒发生率较高,且老年人跌倒是多因素交互作用的结果,因此,预防老年人跌倒应采取多方面的综合干预措施。     

老年人居家养老服务需求与居住方式及健康状况的关系

目的探讨老年人居家养老服务需求与居住方式及健康状况的关系。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,2012年10月至2013年1月在唐山市路南区、路北区开展居家养老服务的社区内抽取2个社区,对社区中的724名老年人的一般情况、老年人居住与家庭照顾情况、老年人身体健康状况和老年人居家养老服务需求情况进行调查。结果老年人居家养老服务需求与居住方式及健康状况有关系(P0.05)。结论独居和健康状况较差的老年人对居家养老服务需求更为迫切。     

231例老年高级干部眼部情况的调查

近年来,老年人眼部情况调查已有报道,1987年10月～1988年1月作者对省内231例60岁以上的高级干部老年人视力、晶体、眼底情况进行调查分析,旨在为做好高级干部老年人的限病防治提供临床参考,现报导如下。     

社区老年人内在能力现状及其影响因素分析

目的:了解社区老年人内在能力现状及其影响因素,为改善老年人内在能力、制定管理策略、提高老年人生活质量提供参考依据。方法:采取方便抽样的方法于2020年11—12月对北京市236例社区老年人进行调查,采用一般资料调查、内在能力相关影响因素调查问卷、世界卫生组织内在能力调查表进行调查,多因素Logistic回归分析老年人内...     

健康干预对长沙市城乡老年人生活质量的影响

目的 探讨健康干预对老年人生活质量的影响.方法 选择长沙市城乡老年人2 339名为研究对象,进行为期2年的健康干预,干预前后分别发放问卷调查表进行调查,比较干预前后老年人生活质量的变化,评估干预效果.结果 经过两年健康干预,老年人生活质量项目中健康状况、生活习惯、日常生活功能、社会交往、心理状况、生活满意度、体格检查状况的评价及总评分均明显改善(P＜0.01).结论 针对性的健康干预对提高老年人生活质量有积极的作用.     

1 000例老年人心电图特点临床分析

目的通过1000例老年人心电图的特点分析,探讨老年人心电图检测的临床意义。方法对2006年1月—2007年1月来我院心电图室进行十二导联同步常规心电图检查的1000例老年人心电图进行回顾性分析。结果1000例老年人心电图检测中,完全正常者416例(41.6%),心电图异常者584例(58.4%)。结论随着年龄增长,电生理学的改变,心电图异常在老年病人中甚为常见。常规心电图检出率较高、重复性强,对老年人疾病的早发现、早诊断、高危病人筛查具有重要价值。     

南宁市良庆区老年人艾滋病流行特点

为了了解南宁市良庆区老年人艾滋病(Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)的流行特点,为进一步加强辖区老年人艾滋病预防控制工作提供科学依据,探讨对老年人艾滋病防控对策,顺利开展广西壮族自治区政府于2010年提出的"艾滋病5年攻坚工程",对良庆区2004-2011年上半年老年人艾滋病疫情资料进行统计分析。     

不同类型医养结合模式下老年人孤独感与主观幸福感

目的调查不同类型医养结合养老机构老年人孤独感与主观幸福感的情况。方法应用自行设计的调查问卷,对413名实施医养照护模式的老年人,按照医养结合类型的不同,测量其照护前、照护后半年、照护后1年的孤独感自评量表评分和主观幸福感评分,采用重复测量方差分析法,对不同时间医养结合照护的老年人孤独感和主观幸福感进行比较。结果照护半年、1年后,3组老年人的孤独感自评量表评分较照护前均明显降低(P0.05),老年人的主观幸福感得分较照护前明显升高(P0.05)。结论不同类型的医养结合照护模式均能明显减轻老年人孤独感并提升其主观幸福感,对老年人养老生活中心理健康有所帮助。     

中国人群低血压患病率及影响因素研究

目的了解我国人群低血压的患病率、危险因素以及低血压对心血管病的影响。 方法　利用1991年全国血压抽样调查的资料,进行低血压的横断面分析。低血压的定义为收缩压(SBP)≤98mmHg并且舒张压(DBP)≤60mmHg。 结果男性和女性的低血压患病率分别为2.70％和7.36％,女性明显高于男性（P<0.01）。从低年龄组到高年龄组（15～、25～、35～、45～、55～、65～岁）,低血压的患病率分别为7.62%、6.97%、4.40%、3.22%、2.65%、1.94％,随年龄的增加,低血压的患病率呈下降趋势。不同民族低血压患病率变异大。低血压患病率在地区分布上呈现南高北低的现象。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、体重指数、饮酒、心率与低血压状态呈负相关,女性比男性更易患低血压。低血压人群的脑卒中和心肌梗死患病率明显低于正常血压和高血压人群。 提示我国人群低血压的患病率变异较大,影响因素较多;低血压可能是一种正常的生理现象,但它对于健康的确切影响需要进行前瞻性研究才能证实。     

Re-survey of the Whitehall study of London civil servants: changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease during 29 years of follow-up

BACKGROUND: Substantial uncertainty persists about the relevance of blood pressure and cholesterol to the risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the determinants of cardiovascular risk in old age, and the relevance of such risk factors when recorded in middle and old age. METHODS: A re-survey in 1997 of 8537 survivors of a cohort of men who were originally examined in 1967-1970 when aged 40-69 years. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received from 7050 (82%) of the survivors, and blood pressure and blood samples from 5427 (64%). The response rate declined with increasing age, was inversely related to markers of socioeconomic status in 1967-70 and in 1997, and was lower in those who had been current smokers or had a higher blood pressure level in 1967-70. After excluding those with reported cardiovascular disease (25% of respondents), the mean levels of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were lower in older age groups, whereas apolipoprotein A1 levels did not vary much with age. Among those with risk factors recorded both in 1967-70 and 1997, the prevalence of smoking had declined by two-thirds (32% in 1970 and 12% in 1997), the prevalence of diabetes had increased (0.3% versus 4.5%), and the mean systolic blood pressure had increased by 16 mmHg (130 versus 146 mmHg), but the diastolic blood pressure had not changed materially (80 versus 81 mmHg), and the measured levels of total cholesterol had increased by 0.5 mmol/l (although that change may be artefactual). CONCLUSION: Follow-up of vital status in this cohort should permit an assessment of the relevance of risk factors recorded in middle and old age to cardiovascular disease in old age.     

武汉市离退休老年人非酒精性脂肪肝及代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的 了解武汉市离退休老年人群非酒精性脂肪肝和代谢综合征的现况特点及2种疾病的相关性. 方法 抽样调查60岁及以上离退休老年人共718例,检测身高、体质量、腰围、血压、血糖、血脂、肝脏B超. 结果 所调查人群代谢综合征及非酒精性脂肪肝的患病率分别为25.2%及25.9%,而高血压、高血糖、高三酰甘油、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及腹型肥胖的患病率分别为89.2%,29.6%,40.3%,10.3%及38.6%;女性代谢综合征患病率高于男性(χ2=21.0,P<0.05);随着代谢综合征中异常组分的数目增多,非酒精性脂肪肝的患病率亦增加(男性χ2=82.9,女性χ2=23.7,均为P<0.01);老年人非酒精性脂肪肝患病率与代谢综合征呈显著正相关(男性OR=2.216,女性OR=4.848,均为P<0.01). 结论 离退休老年人群非酒精性脂肪肝及代谢综合征患病率较高,并且两者显著相关,应积极防治心血管疾病高危因子.     

Secular changes in cardiovascular risk factors and attack rate of myocardial infarction among men aged 50 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Accurate prediction using risk models

Aims. Coronary risk factor changes were related to attack rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and results. Cross‐sectional population samples of 50‐year‐old men were examined every 10th year from 1963 to 2003. Attack rates of AMI were recorded from 1975 to 2004. Prevalence of smoking decreased from 56% in 1963 to 22% in 2003. Leisure time physical activity decreased (n.s.), while psychological stress remained the same. Diabetes prevalence increased from 3.6% to 6.6%. Body mass index (BMI) increased from 24.8 to 26.4 kg m^?2. Blood pressures decreased from 138.2/90.6 to 134.7/84.9 mmHg (P = 0.00001). Serum total cholesterol decreased from 6.42 to 5.50 mmol L^?1 (P = 0.0001), but serum triglycerides increased from 1.26 to 1.71 mmol L^?1 (P = 0.0001). The multivariable risk according to total cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking for AMI decreased from the set value 1.0 in 1963 to 0.418. From 1975–1979 to 2000–2004 attack rates for AMI for the age groups 35–44, 45–54 and 55–64 declined to 45%, 46% and 45%, respectively. The 28‐day case fatality declined from 30%, 38% and 46% to 12%, 16% and 20%. Conclusion. The more than 50% decline in attack rate of AMI during 30 years was comparable with the decline in risk factors.     

B型超声对社区中老年脂肪肝的诊断及临床应用研究

目的探讨B型超声技术在社区诊断中老年人群脂肪肝的诊断、发病情况及特点的应用价值。方法应用B型超声对3210名中老年进行体检筛查,同时检测相关指标。结果本组中老年人脂肪肝总患病率为21.0%（674/3210）。女性检出率18.06%（280/1550）,男性检出率23.73%（394/1660）,男、女脂肪肝检出率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.01）。Logistic回归分析表明,肥胖、高三酰甘油血症、高胆固醇血症、高血压、糖尿病或糖耐量异常、高尿酸血症等为脂肪肝的危险因素（P〈0.05）,而性别、年龄无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论B型超声对中老年脂肪肝的诊断具有重要的应用价值;中老年应注意饮食平衡及加强锻炼,改变不良生活行为习惯,预防脂肪肝疾病的发生。     

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004

Detection of hypertension and blood pressure control are critically important for reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. We analyzed the trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States in the period 1999-2004. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 database. Blood pressure information on 14 653 individuals (4749 in 1999-2000, 5032 in 2001-2002, and 4872 in 2003-2004) aged >or=18 years was used. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure >or=140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medications. The prevalence of hypertension in 2003-2004 was 7.3+/-0.9%, 32.6+/-2.0%, and 66.3+/-1.8% in the 18 to 39, 40 to 59, and >or=60 age groups, respectively. The overall prevalence was 29.3%. When compared with 1999-2000, there were nonsignificant increases in the overall prevalence, awareness, and treatment rates of hypertension. The blood pressure control rate was 29.2+/-2.3% in 1999-2000 and 36.8+/-2.3% in 2003-2004. The age-adjusted increase in control rate was 8.1% (95% CI: 2.4 to 13.8%; P=0.006). The control rates increased significantly in both sexes, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Among the >or=60 age group, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension had all increased significantly (P相似文献   

Parental longevity and 7-year changes in blood pressures in adult offspring

In this report, we examined the cross-sectional and the 7-year longitudinal changes in blood pressures in adult offspring according to parental longevity. A population of volunteers free of symptomatic cardiovascular diseases who participated to the Supplementation en Vitamines et en Minéraux Antioxydants (SUVIMAX) Vascular Study (mean age 52.3 years; 48.3% women) were examined at baseline and 7 years later. Paternal (n=994) and maternal (n=896) longevity were analyzed separately. The prevalence of hypertension at baseline in subjects whose father died at <65 years of age, in those whose fathers were alive by age 65 but died by 80 years of age, and in those whose fathers were alive by age 80 was respectively 34.9%, 28.5%, and 20.2% (P<0.001). The means of systolic blood pressure in the 3 groups of paternal longevity were respectively 128.4 (+/-16.0), 125.3 (+/-14.2), and 123.6 (+/-14.4) mm Hg (P<0.001). During the follow-up, the mean systolic blood pressure increases in the 3 groups of paternal longevity were respectively 5.3 (+/-17.0), 4.2 (+/-14.0), and 1.6 (+/-13.2) mm Hg (P<0.001). In subjects without hypertension at baseline, hypertension occurred during the follow-up in 26.6%, 17.7%, and 15.3% (P<0.009), respectively. Multivariate analyses adjusted for baseline or changes in cardiovascular risk factors did not modify these results. In contrast, there was no relationship between maternal longevity and blood pressure measurements in either cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses. This study suggests that paternal premature death was associated with accelerated progression of systolic blood pressure and higher occurrence of hypertension in offspring. These results indicate that there are dynamic and continuous processes linking paternal longevity to blood pressure in adults.     

秦皇岛市7～12岁学龄儿童高血压现状及危险因素分析

目的探讨秦皇岛市7～12岁学龄儿童高血压流行现状及其危险因素。方法通过分层整群随机抽样,抽取秦皇岛市5所小学7～12岁儿童1507人进行问卷调查及身高、体质量、血压等指标测量。结果共检出正常高值血压和高血压儿童182例(12.1%),高血压检出率6.1%,男童6.7%,女童5.5%。高血压检出率均随年龄增长而增加(P<0.01)。超重组和肥胖组收缩压和舒张压水平均明显高于体质量指数(BMI)正常组,正常BMI儿童高血压检出率为2.6%,超重儿童高血压检出率5.0%,肥胖儿童高血压检出率16.0%。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄和肥胖是儿童高血压的独立危险因素(OR1.684,95%CI1.435～1.976;OR7.731,95%CI4.647～12.860,均P<0.01)。结论秦皇岛市儿童高血压检出率6.1%,年龄和肥胖是儿童高血压的独立危险因素。     

巴马地区长寿老人心脑血管病相关危险因子的调查研究

目的探讨广西巴马长寿地区长寿老人心脑血管病相关危险因子的分布。方法对巴马长寿地区≥90岁的长寿老人212名(长寿老人组)系统调查,并以非长寿地区(69.9±7.4)岁老人222名(对照组)为对照,测量血压、血糖、血脂、体质量指数水平。结果巴马长寿老人和对照组老人对比,除舒张压、TG和LDL-C外,收缩压和TC、HDL-C水平高于普通老年人,身高、体质量、腰围、BMI和血糖水平低于对照组。长寿老人心血管病危险因子高低排序依次为高血压(56.6%)、高TC血症(23.6%)、高TG血症(19.3%)、血糖升高(18.40%)、高LDL-C血症(17.5%)、低HDL-C血症(16.5%)、腹型肥胖(1.43%)、超重(4.04%)和肥胖(0.47%)。和对照组比较:高TC血症和高TG血症明显高于对照组(P<0.01);超重、肥胖、腹型肥胖和低HDL-C血症明显低于对照组(P<0.01或0.05)。结论巴马长寿地区长寿老人心脑血管病的相关危险因子有其特异性,长寿老人较低比例的低HDL-C血症、低体质量、较高的高HDL-C水平等代谢异常,可能构成了长寿的生化代谢基础。     

High Rates of Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in Malawian Adults Living with HIV and Hypertension

Background:Hypertension is among the most commonly diagnosed non-communicable diseases in Africa, and studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of hypertension among individuals with HIV. Despite high prevalence, there has been limited attention on the clinical outcomes of hypertension treatment in this population.Objective:We sought to characterize rates of and factors associated with blood pressure control over one year among individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and antihypertensive medications.Methods:We performed a prospective observational cohort study at an HIV clinic in Malawi. We defined uncontrolled hypertension as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg at two or more follow-up visits during the year, while controlled hypertension was defined as <140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic at all visits, or at all but one visit. We calculated an antihypertensive non-adherence score based on self-report of missed doses at each visit (higher score = worse adherence) and used rank sum and chi-square tests to compare sociodemographic and clinical factors (including adherence) associated with blood pressure control over the year.Results:At study entry, 158 participants (23.5%) were on antihypertensive medication; participants had a median age of 51.0 years, were 66.5% female, and had a median of 6.9 years on ART. 19.0% (n = 30) achieved blood pressure control over the year of follow-up. Self-reported non-adherence to hypertension medications was the only factor significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. The average non-adherence score for those with controlled blood pressure was 0.22, and for those with uncontrolled blood pressure was 0.61 (p = 0.009).Conclusions:Adults living with HIV and hypertension in our cohort had low rates of blood pressure control over one year associated with self-reported non-adherence to antihypertensive medications. Given the high prevalence and incidence of hypertension, interventions to improve blood pressure control are needed to prevent associated long-term cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality.