异基因造血干细胞移植中巨细胞病毒潜伏感染的防治

目的:观察依据异基因造血干细胞移植前受者巨细胞病毒(CMV)血清学检测结果采取不同的CMV感染防治方案的临床效果。方法:行异基因造血干细胞移植的37例患者,移植预处理前1周依据受者CMV血清学检测结果,对于移植前PP65抗原、CMV抗体及CMV-DNA定量均阴性的受者,应用阿昔洛韦预防CMV感染;移植前PP65、IgM抗体及DNA定量阴性,IgG抗体阳性的受者应用静脉更昔洛韦预防CMV感染。预处理中及移植后均采用阿昔洛韦进行病毒感染的预防,并定期检测PP65及CMV-IgM和CMV-DNA定量,当出现PP65阳性和/或CMV-IgM阳性、病毒复制增加时,给予更昔洛韦或膦甲酸钠联合人免疫球蛋白治疗。结果:36例受者移植后检测CMV抗体IgG均为阳性,巨细胞病毒血症占18.9%(7/37),CMV病占10.8%(4/37),CMV感染的时间为移植后+27～+65d,CMV感染多见于非血缘、HLA不全相合及发生aGVHD的患者,经更昔洛韦和或膦甲酸钠治疗后无一例因CMV病死亡。应用不同预防CMV感染方法的患者间造血重建时间无明显差异。结论:依据受移植前受者血清学检测结果给予不同的预防方案并结合预先治疗方案防治CMV感染可以明显减少CMV潜伏感染转变为CMV病的概率,且对造血重建无影响。     

抢先抗巨细胞病毒治疗策略在不同类型造血干细胞移植中的疗效比较

目的 对不同类型异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT)的巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染患者采用统一的抢先治疗指征,比较抗病毒治疗的效果,从而评价抢先治疗策略的临床应用价值.方法 进行异基因HSCT患者318例,自移植后采用实时定量(RQ)-PCR法监测血浆CMV-DNA水平,其中136例出现CMV感染,全相合HSCT 31例,亲缘半相合HSCT 88例,非血缘HSCT 17例.三种类型移植采用相同的抗病毒抢先治疗指征,比较CMV-DNA拷贝数的转阴率、CMV病的发生率及患者的长期生存率.结果 136例CMV感染患者分别采用更昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠或缬更昔洛韦进行抗病毒抢先治疗,全相合、半相合及非血缘移植组治疗的中位时间相近,三组患者CMV-DNA最终转阴率相似(96.8%,93.2%,88.2%),组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).抢先治疗后三组患者发生CMV肺炎及肠炎的比例及死于CMV病几率的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05).各类型移植患者的长期生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.88),发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)患者生存率明显低于0～Ⅰ度aGVHD患者(P=0.036).结论 不同类型造血干细胞移植术后的CMV感染患者,采用基于RQ-PCR监测的抢先治疗策略可达到相同的疗效.     

莱特莫韦预防单倍体造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染的临床分析

目的分析在单倍体造血干细胞移植后的患者中采用莱特莫韦初级预防巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性队列研究。选择2022年5月1日至8月31日于北京大学血液病研究所接受单倍体造血干细胞移植、使用莱特莫韦作为CMV初级预防并满足如下标准的患者:移植后30 d内开始应用莱特莫韦, 并持续应用至移植后90 d以上(莱特莫韦组)。按1∶4比例选择同期接受单倍体造血干细胞移植但未应用莱特莫韦的患者作为对照组。主要观察指标包括移植后CMV感染及CMV病的发生率, 以及莱特莫韦对于急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)、非复发死亡率(NRM)及骨髓抑制的可能影响。分类变量采用χ2检验、连续变量采用Mann-WhitneyU检验进行统计。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析CMV感染发生率。结果莱特莫韦组共纳入符合条件患者17例。莱特莫韦组患者年龄显著高于对照组(中位年龄43岁比15岁, Z=-4.28, P<0.001), 两组患者性别及疾病分布等差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。莱特莫韦组供者CMV血清学阴性的比例显著高于对照组(8/17比0/68, χ2=35.32, P&...     

单倍体与同胞相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病疗效观察

目的:探讨单倍体与同胞相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病疗效及影响预后的相关因素。方法:分析2013年6月—2019年12月于山西白求恩医院行异基因造血干细胞移植的82例恶性血液病患者的临床资料，急性髓系白血病51例，骨髓增生异常综合征11例，急性淋巴细胞白血病20例。同胞全相合异基因造血干细胞移植(MSD-HSCT)30例，单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植(Haplo-HSCT)52例。结果:82例患者中位随访时间为15个月，总植入率为87.8%,移植前疾病未缓解者MSD-HSCT组占26.7%(8/30),Haplo-HSCT组占15.4%(8/52),Haplo-HSCT组和MSD-HSCT组移植后2年总生存率(OS)分别为63.3%和65.4%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.771),其中Haplo-HSCT组患者Ⅰ～Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)发生率为73.1%(38/52),明显高于MSD-HSCT组的46.7%(14/30),差异有统计学意义(P=0.017),其余移植相关并发症包括植入失败率、Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD、外周血巨细胞病毒、EB病毒、出血性膀胱炎，2组比较均差异...     

抢先治疗减少异基因造血干细胞移植后早期巨细胞病毒疾病的临床研究

目的:采用联合抗病毒药物及巨细胞病毒(CMV)特异性T淋巴细胞(CMV-CTL)进行抢先抗病毒治疗,减少异基因造血干细胞移植后早期CMV疾病的发生率和病死率.方法:334例进行异基因造血干细胞移植的患者,其中同胞相合移植100例,非血缘移植88例,亲缘间半相同移植146例;移植后采用RQ-PCR方法每周检测1～2次检测...     

异基因造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染的危险因素分析

目的:分析异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)术后巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的发生情况及其危险因素，为allo-HSCT后患者CMV感染提供防治依据。方法:回顾性分析徐州医科大学附属医院血液科于2013年1月—2021年12月收治的180例allo-HSCT患者的临床资料。统计allo-HSCT患者移植后CMV感染发生情况，将患者分为非CMV感染组和CMV感染组，比较2组间性别、年龄、移植前病毒感染情况、移植类型、人类白细胞抗原相合程度、急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)发生情况等差异，并对CMV感染的危险因素进行分析。结果:180例患者中男92例，女88例，中位年龄33(6～66)岁，发生CMV感染101例，发生的中位时间为34(17～120) d, 1年内累积发生率为56.1%,发生在移植后100 d内100例，占全部CMV感染者的99%。多因素分析提示预处理过程中应用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、单倍体移植、aGVHD、β2微球蛋白的水平降低及移植后EB病毒感染为CMV感染的独立危险因素。结论:通过对CMV感染发生的相关危险因素进行分析，可及时为CMV感染做出预防治疗，减少CMV血症向CM...     

非清髓造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血

目的:探讨非清髓性造血干细胞移植(NST)治疗再生障碍性贫血(再障)的方法及疗效。方法:采用非清髓预处理方案进行造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血2例。1例为同胞间HLA配型6个位点完全相合的异基因外周血造血干细胞移植,另1例为同胞间HLA配型6个位点完全相合的脐血移植。预处理方案主要由抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)和环磷酰胺组成。用环孢素A和霉酚酸酯(MMF)预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果:2例患者均获造血重建(分别为 5及 9d),2例均未发生GVHD。1例患者在治疗期间未出现感染表现,另1例患者出现CMV感染,给予更昔洛韦病情得以完全控制。2例分别无病生存8及17个月。结论:非清髓造血干细胞移植简便安全,并发症少,疗效好,为治疗再生障碍性贫血有效方法。     

单倍体骨髓移植后巨细胞病毒感染的防治

目的:研究单倍型骨髓移植后,巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的预防策略及发病情况。方法:98例单倍型骨髓移植患者,62例及1例CMVpp65阳性供者,接受更昔若韦预防治疗,受者5 mg／kg,2次／d,移植前-9 d～-2 d,31例移植后出现CMV抗原血症阳性患者,其中18／60例预防组,13／35例非预防组阳性病例,接受更昔若韦5 mg／kg,2次／d×2周,后改为5 mg／kg,1次／d,到CMVpp65转阴。移植后CMVpp65每周检测1次。结果:预防组18／60例移植后出现CMV抗原血症阳性,出现中位时间56(25～84)d。非预防组13／35例CMVpp65阳性,中位时间52(19～75)d,前者1例患者(1．6％)发展为CMV结肠炎,后者4例(11．4％),2例CMV肺炎,1例CMV结肠炎,1例CMV脑炎。结论:单倍型骨髓移植后,用CMVpp65检测CMV抗原血症是一种简便,可靠的方法。低剂量短疗程,静脉注射更昔若韦提前预防CMV病可能是一种有效的方法。     

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体基因多态性对造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染的影响

  目的 探讨杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（KIR）基因的多态性对造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的影响。方法 选择2005年10月至2011年5月行造血干细胞移植供受体138对,移植前采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（PCR-SSP）对供受体KIR基因分型,移植后2周起,每周采用荧光免疫组化法检测移植后患者外周血CMVpp65抗原,分析在CMV阳性组和CMV阴性组,供受体抑制性和激活性KIR基因以及供受体KIR单体型频率的差异。结果 供受体KIR基因频率分布和供受体AA,AB,BB单体型频率分布差异无统计学意义。供体2DS2、2DS4*003-007基因在CMV阳性组频率明显低于CMV阴性组（8%比16%,P=0.0420;3%比13%,P=0.0050）,受体KIR基因在CMV阳性组和阴性组频率的差异无统计学意义。供体BB单体型CMV感染率明显低于AA单体型（36.84%比64.38%,P=0.0299）,受体各单体型间CMV感染率差异无统计学意义。多因素分析发现2DS4*003-007,BB单体型与CMV感染有关。结论 供体KIR 基因多态性与造血干细胞移植后CMV感染相关。        

异基因造血干细胞移植后早期结核分枝杆菌感染

目的:分析异基因造血干细胞移植后早期结核分枝杆菌感染的患病率、临床特征、诊断、治疗及预后.方法:对我院连续接受异基因造血干细胞移植的258例患者中确诊为结核分枝杆菌感染的6例患者进行回顾性分析及总结.结果:结核病的发生率为2.32%(6/258),在单倍型、非血缘、同胞相合移植3种不同移植方式中发生率分别为1.90%、...     

Valganciclovir is safe and effective as pre-emptive therapy for CMV infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Despite significant advances in prevention and therapy, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipient. The standard drug for pre-emptive therapy is intravenous ganciclovir (GCV). Valganciclovir (VGC), the oral pro-drug of GCV, has excellent bioavailability and is ideal for oral therapy. Since March 2002, VGC was adopted in our center for outpatient pre-emptive therapy in all patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Fifty-two allogeneic HSCT recipients were followed weekly via Digene hybrid capture assay. Patients with a positive assay were treated with VGC 900 mg p.o. b.i.d. x 14 days followed by 900 mg p.o. QD until at least 7 days after a negative test. Eighteen patients (14 sib, four MUD) had 30 episodes of CMV DNA detection treated with oral VGC. Median duration of therapy was 21 days (range 10-21 days). The rate of response was 93% (28/30) as confirmed by a negative assay within 14 days. No significant toxicity was encountered. Two patients failed oral VGC. One case of CMV enteritis was diagnosed in a patient with acute GVHD. Pre-emptive therapy of CMV infection with oral VGC is safe and effective in allogeneic HSCT recipients.     

Cytomegalovirus antigenemia and outcome of patients treated with pre-emptive ganciclovir: retrospective analysis of 241 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

CMV disease remains a major infectious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To investigate the relationship between CMV antigenemia, treatment with ganciclovir (GCV), and outcome, we retrospectively analyzed 241 consecutive patients at risk for CMV infection who underwent allogeneic HSCT. Antigenemia-guided pre-emptive strategy with GCV was used for all patients. CMV antigenemia developed in 169 patients (70.1%), and CMV disease in 18 patients (7.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that acute GVHD (grades II-IV) was the only risk factor for developing antigenemia, and acute GVHD and advanced age for CMV disease. GCV use, as well as acute GVHD and advanced age, significantly increased the risk for bacterial and fungal infection after engraftment. Those who developed CMV antigenemia had a poorer outcome than those who did not (log-rank, P=0.0269), although the development of CMV disease worsened the outcome with only borderline significance (log-rank, P=0.0526). In conclusion, detection of antigenemia proved to be a poor prognostic factor for HSCT patients, which may be attributed to a combination of factors, including CMV disease itself, the effect of treatment, and a host status that allows for reactivation of CMV. Optimal pre-emptive strategy needs to be determined.     

Oral valganciclovir as preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus infection post allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Antiviral compounds including ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are routinely used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease; however, these agents have a poor oral bioavailability and have the inconvenience and expense of intravenous administration. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral valganciclovir (VGCV) for preemptive treatment of CMV reactivation in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We treated 15 patients receiving allogeneic HSCT from related (n=9) or unrelated (n=6) donors. In all patients, either the donor, host, or both were CMV Ig G positive pretransplant. Indication for therapy was preemptive treatment of CMV infection defined as one or two consecutive positive tests of pp65 antigenemia assay or CMV-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). VGCV was administered orally in a dosage of 900 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks, followed by 450 mg b.i.d. for 2 additional weeks. RESULTS: Patients developed a positive CMV-PCR after a median of 52 days (range 37-427) post HSCT and a positive pp65 antigenemia after a median time of 74 days (range 37-427) post HSCT. Preemptive treatment with VGCV was started a median time of 56 days (range 37-429) after transplant. In all, 11 patients (73%) completed the 28 days of therapy with VGCV. All patients showed a complete clearance of the virus. The median time to achieve a negative CMV-PCR was 6 days (range 4-18). A relapse of CMV infection after VGCV preemptive therapy occurred in 6 patients (40%). No patient developed early or late CMV disease. Six patients (40%) presented hematological toxicity including neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia that required drug discontinuation in 4 cases. CONCLUSION: VGCV administered as preemptive therapy for CMV infection in patients receiving an allogeneic HSCT showed promise for treating this frequent complication. Prospective randomized studies in this setting are mandatory to yield more definitive results.     

Risk-Adapted Preemptive Therapy for Cytomegalovirus Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience in Korea

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major cause of infection in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) and results in significant mortality and morbidity. We present the results of CMV pp65 antigenemia-guided, risk-adapted preemptive therapy aimed at preventing CMV disease in allogeneic HSCT. Preemptive ganciclovir treatment was started when more than 5 CMV antigen-positive cells were detected in the low-risk group (with grade 0-I acute GVHD and matched related HSCT) and when any antigen-positive cells were seen in the high-risk group (with grade II-IV acute GVHD or matched unrelated HSCT). At least 1 episode of antigenemia was observed in 53 (59.6%) of 89 patients before day 100, and preemptive therapy was performed in 33 patients. CMV disease occurred in 6 patients (5 in the high-risk group and 1 in the low-risk group), and late CMV disease developed in 4 patients. Only 1 patient died of CMV pneumonitis before day 100. Neutropenia was observed in 51.5% of ganciclovir-treated patients, and coinfection/superinfection was observed in 42.4%. A strategy of ganciclovir treatment focusing on patients at higher risk could reduce the toxicity from the antiviral drug and be cost-effective. Extended surveillance for CMV disease using more sensitive diagnostic methods is necessary in high-risk patients.     

Oral valganciclovir as preemptive therapy is effective for cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Between March 2007 and January 2008, the safety and efficacy of oral valganciclovir (VGC) preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was evaluated in ten consecutive patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients were screened once or twice per week after engraftment using CMV pp65 antigenemia assay. When more than 2 CMV antigen-positive cells per 50,000 leukocytes were detected, preemptive therapy with oral VGC was initiated at a dose of 900 mg twice daily for 3 weeks. Nine patients (90%) completed the 3-week VGC treatment except for one patient who developed febrile neutropenia. There was no other significant toxicity. CMV antigen-positive cells were rapidly decreased in all nine patients and became undetectable by the end of the VGC treatment. None of the patients developed CMV disease. CMV infection relapsed in four of the ten patients (40%) after the VGC treatment. These observations suggest that preemptive therapy with VGC is effective for preventing CMV disease in allogeneic HSCT patients. Further studies with a large number of patients will be necessary to determine the optimal initial- and maintenance-dose of VGC.     

High-dose acyclovir and pre-emptive ganciclovir in prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in pediatric patients following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We evaluated high-dose acyclovir (HDACV) and pre-emptive ganciclovir to prevent CMV disease in 76 children who underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and were at risk for CMV reactivation and disease (both recipient and donor seropositive) from May 1998 to April 2003. All received HDACV from day -9 to 6 months post transplant in conjunction with weekly CMV pp65 antigenemia monitoring. The incidence of antigenemia in this cohort was 19.7%, at a median of 22 days post-PBSCT. The frequencies were 26.4 and 4.4% in allogeneic and autologous groups, respectively (P=0.03). Patients with nonmalignant disease had higher CMV antigenemia than those with malignant disease (30.8 vs 8.1%, P=0.02). Age at PBSCT, sex, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen and presence of acute GVHD did not affect the risk of CMV antigenemia. None of the patients who had positive pp65 antigenemia developed CMV disease during the study period. We conclude that pp65 antigenemia-guided HDACV and pre-emptive ganciclovir may prevent CMV disease in children undergoing PBSCT.     

Foscarnet – an alternative for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation?

 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early detection of the disease by antigenemia testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) along with pre-emptive antiviral therapy has been shown to be very effective in decreasing the incidence of CMV. We performed an uncontrolled observational study in 21 patients after HSCT (14 related, 7 unrelated donors) to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of foscarnet administered as prophylaxis for CMV reactivation. Ten patients received bone marrow, and eleven patients received peripheral blood stem cells. All patients received foscarnet prophylaxis to study side effects, incidence of CMV reactivation, CMV disease, and transplant-related mortality. Foscarnet (90 mg/kg) was given every 12 h, day +11 to day +16. Thereafter, foscarnet (90 mg/kg) was given once per day, three times per week until day +60. The incidence of CMV reactivation detected by antigenemia (pp65 antigen) or PCR was 23.8% (5 of 21 patients). Two patients developed CMV disease and one patient died of CMV-pneumonia. Seventeen patients (81%) reported severe side effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbance, headache, and urethritis. In eight patients (38%), the dose of foscarnet had to be reduced and, in six patients (28.5%), foscarnet application was discontinued because of side effects. Compared with other groups, we believe that the potential benefit of foscarnet administration in this early setting is outweighed by the risks of severe toxicity. Received: 24 June 1999 / Accepted: 25 February 2000     

Surveillance of cytomegalovirus infection in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe our experience in the control of active CMV infection following HSCT using two strategies of CMV infection treatment: ganciclovir universal prophylaxis at low doses and pre-emptive therapy with ganciclovir. METHODS: The surveillance was based on the monitoring of antigenaemia (AGM) and on a nested polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR) for the detection of CMV in both strategies. Forty-five recipients with malignant diseases and with a risk for CMV disease received universal prophylaxis (Group A). The non-treated group consisted of 24 patients, most of them with non-malignant diseases who did not receive universal prophylaxis (Group B). RESULTS: In Group A, the incidence of positive AGM was 51%, with a positive PCR of 68.9%. In Group B, the AGM positivity was 66.7% and that of N-PCR was 66.7%. CMV disease occurred in 6/55 patients (10.9%), with 2/36 (5.5%) from Group A and 4/19 (21%) from Group B. Two of these six patients (33.3%) died of CMV disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our result suggests that AGM and N-PCR can be used as markers for assessing the monitoring and the introduction pre-emptive therapy. This approach could prove to be more cost-effective than ganciclovir universal prophylaxis for treating CMV infection.     

Once daily ganciclovir as initial pre-emptive therapy delayed until threshold CMV load > or =10000 copies/ml: a safe and effective strategy for allogeneic stem cell transplant patients

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is emerging as the preferred screening method for detection of CMV viremia in patients following allogeneic bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplant. However, there are currently no universally accepted QPCR treatment thresholds at which to start pre-emptive therapy. We report here results of a pre-emptive therapy strategy using ganciclovir (GCV) 5 mg/kg initiated once daily (ODG) delayed till a threshold CMV load of > or =10 000 copies/ml whole blood in clinically stable patients. Sixty-nine at risk patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant. 48/69 (70%) patients had an initial episode of CMV viremia. 5/48 (10%) cleared viremia without requiring treatment. 28/43 (65%) patients requiring treatment initiated treatment with ODG. 17/28 (61%) patients successfully cleared CMV viremia on ODG, 10/28 (36%) patients required dose escalation to twice daily GCV for increasing viral loads. There were two cases of CMV disease (colitis) and no deaths due to CMV disease in patients initiating treatment with ODG. We conclude delaying pre-emptive therapy with ODG until whole blood QPCR> or =10 000 copies/ml is a safe and effective strategy for CMV viremia after allogeneic stem cell transplant in clinically stable patients.     

Significance of qualitative PCR detection method for preemptive therapy of cytomegalovirus infection in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation -- single-centre experience

Both early cytomegalovirus (CMV) monitoring and prophylactic antiviral therapy can decrease clinical complications or can prevent them in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Presented paper summarizes experiences with using regular monitoring of reactivation of CMV after allogeneic HSCT by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to prevent the development of symptomatic CMV disease. Samples of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in 71 patients were monitored. Because of retransplantation in two patients, 73 transplantations, each followed by the monitoring, were performed. Patients were monitored weekly after the transplantation for CMV DNA-emia in PBL. An episode of CMV infection representing an indication for preemptive ganciclovir (GCV) or foscarnet (FOS) therapy was defined as two consecutive positive PCR results in 4-7 days. Median time of monitoring was 313 days. The CMV infection was found in 28/73 monitorings (38.4%) and always was followed by preemptive therapy. One recurrence of CMV infection was observed in 4/28 (14.3%) monitorings and two recurrences in 1/28 (3.6%) monitorings. Presented approach resulted in complete prevention of overt CMV disease and this study enable to show that qualitative PCR method for determination of incipient CMV infection followed by preemptive therapy is suitable for preventing patients after allogeneic transplantation from CMV disease.