Ang-2和VEGF在大肠癌血管生成中的作用及与其临床病理特征的关系

[目的]探讨促血管生成素-2(Ang-2)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在大肠癌组织肿瘤血管生成中的作用及与其临床病理特征的关系.[方法]采用免疫组织化学方法检测Ang-2及VEGF蛋白在62例大肠癌组织中的表达水平,计数微血管密度(MVD).[结果]肠癌组织中Ang-2与MVD呈正相关(r=0.7011,P<0.05);VEGF阳性表达组Ang-2和MVD明显高于阴性组(P<0.01);浸润浆膜、淋巴结转移肠癌组织中Ang-2、VEGF水平均高于无浆膜浸润、无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05);大肠癌各Dukes分期中,(C D)期Ang-2水平和VEGF阳性表达率均高于(A B)期(P<0.05).[结论]Ang-2、VEGF及其相互作用对促进大肠癌血管生成,在大肠癌的侵袭和转移中可能起到重要作用.     

血管内皮生长因子、转化生长因子β与大肠癌血管生成及转移的关系

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、转化生长因子 β(TGFβ)与大肠癌血管生成及淋巴结转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学技术 ,检测 48例大肠癌组织VEGF、TGFβ1、TGFβ2 蛋白表达和微血管密度 (MVD) ,分析VEGF、TGFβ1、TGFβ2 与大肠癌MVD及临床病理的关系。结果大肠癌VEGF、TGFβ1、TGFβ2 蛋白表达阳性者 ,其MVD值均显著高于阴性者 ;VEGF、TGFβ1及MVD与其淋巴结转移密切相关 ,与患者年龄、性别及大肠癌的组织学分型、分化程度、浸润深度无关。结论VEGF、TGFβ1、TGFβ2 与大肠癌的血管生成密切相关 ,对其淋巴结转移有促进作用 ;VEGF、TGFβ1和MVD可作为反映大肠癌生物学行为的指标     

血管内皮生长因子与大肠癌淋巴结转移的关系

目的　探讨大肠癌组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与淋巴结转移的关系.方法　采用免疫组化方法检测40份大肠癌组织中VEGF的表达,采用CD34标记计数肿瘤组织微血管密度(MVD),分析VEGF与大肠癌淋巴结转移的关系,采用x2检验和Spearman等级相关分析对相应资料进行分析.结果 40例大肠癌患者淋巴结转移24例,MVD为40.65±11.80,VEGF阳性21例(87.5％);无转移16例,MVD为25.02±11.52,VEGF阳性4例(25.0％),有无淋巴结转移组MVD和VEGF阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(t=-4.138,x2=16.00,P均＜0.01).40份大肠癌组织中VEGF蛋白表达阳性25例,MVD为41.33±11.61;VEGF阴性15例,MVD为22.84±8.88,组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.301,P＜0.05).大肠癌组织中VEGF的表达与MVD呈正相关(rs=0.539,P＜0.05).结论 VEGF可能促进大肠癌的血管生成,进而促进大肠癌的转移.     

急性髓系白血病患者治疗前后血管内皮生长因子及其受体的变化

目的　探讨急性髓系白血病 (AML)中血管生成的作用。方法　用ELISA法检测AML骨髓单个核细胞培养上清血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)的表达 ;应用免疫组化技术检测 2 8例初治AML患者治疗前后的骨髓活检标本VEGF及受体Flt 1、KDR和微血管密度 (MVD)的变化。结果　AML患者骨髓细胞VEGF的分泌量 (42 5 .31ng L)大于对照组 (14 0 .12ng L)。初治AML患者骨髓病理组织中VEGF、KDR和Flt 1的表达 (分别为 78.6 %、78.6 %和 7.1% )高于对照组 (分别为 10 .0 %、5 .0 %和 5 .0 % ) (P值均 <0 .0 5 ) ;VEGF与MVD及KDR呈正相关 ;化疗后完全缓解组骨髓组织的VEGF、KDR阳性率及MVD明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,化疗后未完全缓解组的VEGF、KDR阳性率及MVD与治疗前相比无显著性下降(P >0 .0 5 ) ;Kaplan Meier分析显示治疗前VEGF阳性组和MVD高表达组的生存时间分别大于VEGF阴性组和MVD低表达组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但治疗前KDR表达情况与生存时间无关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　AML骨髓组织中存在血管生成 ,VEGF KDR信号传导通路在急性白血病血管新生中起主要作用 ,VEGF的表达与AML的预后有关。     

大肠癌中pAkt、VEGF和MVD的检测及其临床意义

目的 检测大肠癌组织磷酸化丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(pAkt)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达和微血管密度(MVD)及其临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测76例大肠癌的pAkt、VEGF和MVD.结果 大肠癌pAkt 和VEGF的阳性表达率分别为73.7%(56/76)和85.5%(65/76).pAkt的阳性表达与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期和淋巴结转移(P<0.05)及其MVD(P<0.01)显著相关.pAkt阳性组的MVD明显高于阴性组.VEGF的阳性表达与大肠癌的临床分期显著相关(P<0.05).pAkt蛋白表达与VEGF蛋白表达密切相关(P<0.05).结论 pAkt和VEGF与大肠癌发生、发展和转移密切相关,提示阻断pI3K/Akt信号传导通路将对大肠癌的治疗提供新的靶点.     

大肠癌中Neuropilin-1的表达与血管生成的关系

目的 探讨大肠癌组织中神经纤毛蛋白-1(NRP-1)的表达与大肠癌生物学行为及血管生成的关系和意义.方法 应用免疫组化SP 法检测正常大肠黏膜、大肠癌组织中NRP-1、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、CD34的表达并测定微血管密度(MVD).结果 大肠癌组织中NRP-1的表达及MVD高于正常大肠粘膜组织,且与大肠癌淋巴结转移、浸润程度密切相关.NRP-1表达阳性组的MVD高于阴性组.与VEGF表达呈正相关性.结论 NRP-1参与了大肠癌的发生、浸润与转移;NRP-1与大肠癌的血管生成有关;NRP-1作为肿瘤抗血管治疗的靶点具有一定的价值.     

血管内皮生长因子、p53蛋白与微血管密度在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其相关性

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、p53蛋白、微血管密度(MVD)在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其相关性,探讨其在非小细胞肺癌发生、发展中的作用.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测80例非小细胞肺癌组织、20例肺良性病变组织中VEGF、p53蛋白的表达,并对肺癌组织中CD34单抗标记的血管计数MVD.结果:肺癌组织VEGF、p53蛋白阳性表达率明显高于肺良性病变组织(P＜0.05).VEGF、p53蛋白表达与肺癌患者的年龄、性别、组织学类型均无关(P＞0.05),与肺癌组织的分化程度、TNM分期及淋巴结转移均有关(P＜0.05).VEGF与p53蛋白表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).在肺癌组织中,VEGF、p53蛋白表达阳性组MVD分别明显高于VEGF、p53蛋白表达阴性组(P＜0.05);p53蛋白与VEGF表达均阳性组MVD明显高于p53蛋白与VEGF表达均阴性组(P＜0.05).结论:VEGF、p53可能与肺癌的发生、发展有关.VEGF与p53蛋白在肺癌组织中的表达呈正相关,提示突变型p53基因可能上调VEGF的表达.肺癌组织中MVD与VEGF、p53蛋白表达密切相关,突变型p53基因和VEGF在肺癌血管形成中具有协同作用.     

Survivin在大肠癌中的表达及其与血管生长因子的相关性研究

目的　检测大肠癌中凋亡抑制基因Survivin的表达,研究其与大肠癌临床特征和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)表达的相关性,探讨Survivin在大肠癌发生、发展及转移中的作用及机制。方法　收集6 2例大肠癌标本及其病例资料,应用免疫组织化学方法检测Survivin、VEGF、bFGF在大肠癌标本中的表达情况。结果　Survivin、VEGF、bFGF基因在癌旁正常大肠组织中均不表达,在6 2例大肠癌组织中,30例Survivin表达阳性,阳性率为4 8. 39% ,Survivin与大肠癌的Ducks分期密切相关(P <0 .0 0 1)但与病理分化无关(P >0 .0 5 )。2 9例VEGF表达阳性,阳性率4 6 . 18% ,4 5例bFGF表达阳性,阳性率75 . 5 8%。肿瘤局限于黏膜层及黏膜下层和肌层、浆膜层时,VEGF、bFGF表达无明显差异(P >0 . 0 5 ) ,但当肿瘤侵犯到浆膜层和浆膜外时,VEGF、bFGF蛋白表达阳性率明显增高(P<0 . 0 0 1)。淋巴转移组的VEGF、bFGF阳性表达显著高于未发生淋巴转移组(P <0. 0 0 0 1)。结论　Survivin基因、VEGF、bFGF与大肠癌的Ducks分期有密切关系但与病理分化无关,检测Survivin更有意义。     

胰腺癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达和微血管密度及意义

目的:分析在胰腺癌中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达情况和微血管密度(mi- crovessel density,MVD),探讨血管生成因素在胰腺癌发展过程中的作用。方法:选取43例胰腺癌标本及相同数目的正常胰腺组织作为对照,应用免疫组化方法检测VEGF表达和计数MVD。结果:胰腺癌VEGF阳性率及MVD均明显高于正常胰腺组织(P<0.05);胰腺癌中淋巴结转移组VEGF和MVD明显高于无淋巴结转移组,TNM分期高者VEGF和MVD高于分期低者,胰腺癌VEGF表达与MVD明显相关(P<0.05);根据VEGF和MVD水平高低分组,高水平组生存时间明显短于低水平组(P<0.05),MVD是唯一的独立影响胰腺癌生存时间的因素(P<0.05)。结论:(1)VEGF对于胰腺癌的血管生成、肿瘤生长和转移具有重要意义。(2)VEGF与MVD之间具有良好的一致性,两者均是反映肿瘤血管生成情况的理想指标。(3) VEGF和MVD可作为判断胰腺癌生物学行为和预后的指标。     

动态MRI定量分析支气管动脉灌注治疗对中央型支气管肺癌肿瘤血管生成的影响

目的　探讨动态MRI扫描评价BAI治疗对中央型支气管肺癌肿瘤血管生成影响的价值。方法　 2 0例中央型支气管肺癌 ,BAI疗前、疗后近期均行动态增强MRI扫描 ,绘制时间 信号强度曲线 ,测量和计算峰值、最大强化值、最大强化比值、最大斜率等各种参数 ,并与肿瘤微血管密度 (MVD)及血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)的表达及其变化进行比较。结果　BAI治疗前后中央型支气管肺癌时间 信号强度曲线的峰值分别为 880 .5 5± 15 3 .0 4,80 8.2 5± 12 0 .2 6(P <0 .0 5 ) ;最大强化值分别为 40 0 .70± 99.82 ,3 3 6.2 5± 13 9.70 (P =0 .0 5 ) ;最大强化比值分别为 1.86± 0 .2 6,1.78± 0 .3 3 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;最大斜率分别为 2 2 .3 9± 8.18,2 0 .5 2± 9.13 (P >0 .0 5 )。BAI治疗前、后肿瘤组织MVD分别为 15 .91± 10 .73、2 3 .86± 7.77(P =0 .2 67) ;BAI治疗后肿瘤组织VEGF的表达明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。BAI治疗后VEGF表达与最大强化值和最大斜率呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其余各参数及其BAI治疗前后的变化均与MVD和VEGF无相关性。结论　动态增强MRI的部分参数可以用来定量分析BAI治疗对中央型支气管肺癌微循环的影响 ,但其与MVD及VEGF无明显的相关性。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.