中国人GJB2耳聋基因突变分析

目的 确定常染色体隐性遗传性聋G励基因突变的类型和频率，从分子水平探讨发病机理．方法 收集中国人常染色体隐性遗传性聋4个家系(39名个体)和健康对照组50人的外周血DNA样本。PCR扩增GJB2基因片段，行Apa I酶切和序列分析。结果 检出2个家系4例患者GJB2基因235del C纯合性缺失，导致移码突变，2例患者为235delC和232G→A(Ala78Thr)双重杂合性突变。正常对照组中发现1例235del C携带者。耳聋患者组和健康对照组中均存在79G0→A(V27I)，341A→G(E114G)两种改变。在对照组中这两种改变的等位基因频率分别为30％、21％。结论 两个家系与GJB2基因235del C有关，232G→A是1个新的突变。     

耳聋患者及正常人GJB2基因的突变筛查

目的 检测常染色体隐性遗传耳聋患者GJB2基因突变情况,并分析其与临床表型的关系.方法 收集42例耳聋患者的临床资料,对患者进行纯音电测听检查、声阻抗检测、脑干听觉诱发电位检查;应用聚合酶链反应和直接测序法,对患者和9例患者的父母以及105名正常对照进行GJB2基因检测.结果 两例患者具有235delC纯合性突变,其中1例系感音神经性耳聋,另1例系混合性耳聋;1对混合性耳聋的双生子患者同时携带176de116bp杂合性突变.109G→A、79G→A和341A→G的纯合及杂合突变在患者及正常对照中均有出现.结论 235delC纯合性突变为致病突变,该突变可出现在混合性耳聋中;双生子患者的176de116bp杂合性突变考虑为宫内受到外界环境影响所致,或者由其它基因突变所致.109G→A、79G→A和341A→G考虑为是该基因的多态性,其临床意义仍需进一步探索.     

一个遗传性非综合征型耳聋家系的突变分析

目的分析一个遗传性非综合征型耳聋家系的突变，并探讨缝隙连接蛋白beta2(gap junction protein beta 2，GJB2)基因235delC突变是否会加重线粒体A1555G突变导致的非综合征型耳聋症状。方法对一个母系遗传性非综合征型耳聋核心家系72个成员取外周血提取DNA，经聚合酶链反应扩增后，利用Alw26Ⅰ限制性内切酶酶切及直接测序验证，对其线粒体DNA突变进行研究；利用ApaⅠ限制性内切酶酶切及直接测序验证，筛查核心家系中GJB2基因235delC突变情况，并对GJB2基因235delC和线粒体A1555G突变的关系进行研究。结果在27名母系成员中均发现具有线粒体A1555G突变，呈母系遗传；具有耳聋表型的为21人(77．8％)，家族外显率高；所筛查的包括配偶在内的72名个体中，仅3例具有GJB2基因235delC杂合子突变，且均出现在母系成员中，但3例的耳聋表型却不同。结论线粒体A1555G突变是本家系耳聋遗传易感性的基础，在该家系中GJB2基因的235delC杂合子突变未加重线粒体A1555G突变导致的非综合征型耳聋。     

一个同时携带线粒体DNA A1555G突变和GJB2235delC单杂合突变家系的基因型与听力表型

目的 调查一个同时携带线粒体DNA A1555G突变和GJB2 235delC突变的非综合征型耳聋家系,分析其基因型和听力表型的关系.方法 对家系成员进行临床听力测试,收集家系中8名成员的外周静脉血样本,从白细胞中提取DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增GJB2基因和线粒体DNA(mitochondric DNA,mtDNA)目的 片段,对扩增片段直接测序进行GJB2基因、mtDNA 12S rRNA及tRNASer(UCN)基因突变分析.结果 此家系先证者存在mtDNA A1555G突变和GJB2 235delC杂合突变,听力表型为极重度感音神经性耳聋.其他母系成员携带mtDNA A1555G突变,未发现tRNASer(UCN)基因突变,家系中其他母系成员听力表型为双侧对称高频下降或听力正常.结论 GJB2 235delC单杂合突变可能参与了mtDNA A1555G的听力损害.     

一个同时携带线粒体DNA A1555G突变和GJB2235delC单杂合突变家系的基因型与听力表型

目的 调查一个同时携带线粒体DNA A1555G突变和GJB2 235delC突变的非综合征型耳聋家系,分析其基因型和听力表型的关系.方法 对家系成员进行临床听力测试,收集家系中8名成员的外周静脉血样本,从白细胞中提取DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增GJB2基因和线粒体DNA(mitochondric DNA,mtDNA)目的 片段,对扩增片段直接测序进行GJB2基因、mtDNA 12S rRNA及tRNASer(UCN)基因突变分析.结果 此家系先证者存在mtDNA A1555G突变和GJB2 235delC杂合突变,听力表型为极重度感音神经性耳聋.其他母系成员携带mtDNA A1555G突变,未发现tRNASer(UCN)基因突变,家系中其他母系成员听力表型为双侧对称高频下降或听力正常.结论 GJB2 235delC单杂合突变可能参与了mtDNA A1555G的听力损害.     

一个同时携带线粒体DNA A1555G突变和GJB2235delC单杂合突变家系的基因型与听力表型

目的 调查一个同时携带线粒体DNA A1555G突变和GJB2 235delC突变的非综合征型耳聋家系,分析其基因型和听力表型的关系.方法 对家系成员进行临床听力测试,收集家系中8名成员的外周静脉血样本,从白细胞中提取DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增GJB2基因和线粒体DNA(mitochondric DNA,mtDNA)目的 片段,对扩增片段直接测序进行GJB2基因、mtDNA 12S rRNA及tRNASer(UCN)基因突变分析.结果 此家系先证者存在mtDNA A1555G突变和GJB2 235delC杂合突变,听力表型为极重度感音神经性耳聋.其他母系成员携带mtDNA A1555G突变,未发现tRNASer(UCN)基因突变,家系中其他母系成员听力表型为双侧对称高频下降或听力正常.结论 GJB2 235delC单杂合突变可能参与了mtDNA A1555G的听力损害.     

忻州地区耳聋患者常见耳聋基因GJB2、GJB3和线粒体DNA 12S rRNA 1555A〉G相关性分析

目的通过对忻州地区83例耳聋患者常见基因GJB2、GJB3和线粒体DNA 12S rRNA 1555A〉G测序分析,从分子水平研究该地区人群聋病的遗传病因和特点,为临床防聋治聋提供策略、依据。方法收集忻州地区83例耳聋患者外周血样本,提取DNA后对目的基因扩增并进行测序分析。结果83例耳聋患者中GJB2基因检测到57例发生突变,9个突变位点,与编码连接蛋白的非综合症耳聋突变数据库（http：／／davinci．crg．OS／deafneSS／index．php？Seccion=mut_db＆db=nonsynd）比对,8个位点已见报道,其中包括3个多态位点c．79G〉A、c．341A〉G、c．368C〉A和5个致病位点c．235delC、c．30-35delC、c．109G〉A、c．176-c．191dell6和c．299-c．300delAT,其中,c．79G〉A和c．341A〉G是主要突变方式,携带率为30．12％（42／174）和23．49％（39／166）。新发现1例未见报道的突变位点c．186C〉T;患者均未检测出GJB3和线粒体DNA12SrRNA1555A〉G基因突变位点。结论通过对忻州地区常见耳聋基因突变位点的研究,了解忻州地区该基因突变谱,为后续国内耳聋基因型分布提供数据支持,同时也为耳聋的早期诊断、治疗提供理论依据。     

吕梁地区遗传性耳聋GJB2基因和mtDNA1555位点的突变筛查

目的通过对吕梁地区96例耳聋患者的GJB2基因和mtDNA1555位点突变筛查,了解该地区的基因突变情况及热点突变位点。方法采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增96例标本的GJB2基因和mtDNA1555位点所在区段,产物酶切、测序分析。结果96例标本共计检出10个GJB2基因突变位点,与编码连接蛋白的非综合征耳聋突变数据库（http：／／davinci．crg．es／deafness／index．php？seccion=mut_db＆db=nonsynd）比对,8个位点已见报道,其中包括4个多肽位点c．79G〉A、C．341A〉G、c．608T〉C、C．457G〉A和4个致病位点C．235delC、e．109G〉A、c．176-C．191dell6和C．299-c．300delAT,其中,c．235delC是主要突变方式,携带率为6．25％（12／192）;2个位点（c．IVS1—35G〉T和c．88A〉G）属首次报道。酶切发现1例患者携带mt．1555纯合突变,后经测序发现还携带有mt．1438A〉G突变位点。结论吕梁地区耳聋患者以GJB2C．235delC为主要致病位点,本次研究结果为吕梁地区的耳聋预防奠定了基础,同时为今后临床医师诊断、治疗及遗传咨询提供了参考。     

山西耳聋四家系分子病因学分析

目的应用分子生物学方法对耳聋四家系14例标本就耳聋热点突变基因进行筛查,分析四家系的耳聋病因。方法结合临床症状运用基因芯片、酶切和测序的方法对四家系耳聋的致病原因进行分析。结果芯片检测和测序显示:家系1患者IVA7-2A>G杂合突变来自母亲,c.C1229T突变来自父亲;家系2患者c.G79A(p.V27I)和c.A341G(p.R114G)来自母亲,GJB2 c.T70A(p.W24R)为体细胞突变;家系3患者c.G79A(p.V27I)和c.A341G(p.R114G)双杂合突变均来自父亲;家系4患者GJB2 235delC纯合缺失来自父母双方,c.G79A(p.V27I)和c.G232A(p.A78Y)杂合突变均来自母亲。结论本研究通过分子生物学的手段从基因的角度阐述了四家系的病因,为患者以后的优生优育及完善耳聋基因突变数据库奠定了基础。     

遗传性非综合征性常见耳聋基因诊断的研究

目的应用三种方法对非综合征性感音神经性耳聋患者及其家属进行分子病因学研究,以期获得一种快速、简便、有效的临床诊断方法。方法采用酶切法、芯片法和测序法对国内报道突变频率比较高的6个耳聋基因进行检测。结果 19例耳聋患者,酶切法共检出4例GJB2 235delC,1例mt 12S rRNA;; A;;1555G;其中8例患者及1例患者的父母基因芯片法检出1例mt 12S rRNA;; A;;1555G,3例GJB2 235delC,3例SLC26A;;4基因突变,3例9位点均正常。mt 12S rRNA;;A;;1555G和GJB2 235delC基因芯片检测结果与酶切相一致。10例基因芯片检测及GJB3测序分析均未检出GJB3 538C〉T突变及GJB3其他致病突变;GJB6基因序列未发现致病突变位点。mt 12S rRNA;; A;;1555G和GJB2 235delC位点测序分析结果与基因芯片和酶切结果相一致。SLC26A;;4基因突变IVS7-2A;;〉G和2168A;;〉G测序分析结果与基因芯片结果相符。随后对部分患者父母采用上述方法筛查,48例样品中,共检出15例携带致聋突变,检出率31.25%。结论酶切法、基因芯片法及测序法三者检查结果相符合。临床诊断因患者而异,综合三种检测技术,设计最佳筛查方式。     

Connexin26 gene ( GJB2): prevalence of mutations in the Chinese population

The connexin26 gene ( GJB2) has been shown to be responsible for DFNB1 and DFNA3 (Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Nonsyndromic Deafness Locus 1 and Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Nonsyndromic Deafness Locus 3). Two hundred ten independently ascertained Chinese probands with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) were evaluated for mutations in GJB2, including 43 probands from families with more than one sib with NSHL, likely indicating dominant inheritance, and sporadic cases of NSHL, compatible with recessive inheritance. Of the 210 probands, 43 (20%) were homozygous or heterozygous for mutations in GJB2. Four different mutations were identified: 35delG, 109G-A, 235delC, and 299-300delAT. It was confirmed that GJB2 mutations are an important cause of hearing loss in this population. Of these four mutations, 235delC was the most prevalent at 93%; yet the 35delG mutation, which is the most common GJB2 mutation in Caucasian subjects (Europeans and Americans), was found in low frequency in the present study. It appears from our limited data and reports from other East Asians that 235delC is the most prevalent GJB2 mutation in these populations. GJB2 mutations are consistent with ethnic predilections.     

Novel mutations in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2) responsible for childhood deafness in the Japanese population

Mutations in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2), which encodes a gap-junction protein and is expressed in the inner ear, have been shown to be responsible for a major part of nonsyndromic hereditary prelingual (early-childhood) deafness in Caucasians. We have sequenced the GJB2 gene in 39 Japanese patients with prelingual deafness (group 1), 39 Japanese patients with postlingual progressive sensorineural hearing loss (group 2), and 63 Japanese individuals with normal hearing (group 3). Three novel mutations were identified in group 1: a single nucleotide deletion (235delC), a 16-bp deletion (176-191 del (16)), and a nonsense mutation (Y136X) in five unrelated patients. The 235delC mutation was most frequently observed, accounting for seven alleles in 10 mutant alleles. Screening of 203 unrelated normal individuals for the three mutations indicated that the carrier frequency of the 235delC mutation was 2/203 in the Japanese population. No mutation was found in group-2 patients. We also identified two novel polymorphisms (E114G and I203T) as well as two previously reported polymorphisms (V27I andV37I). Genotyping with these four polymorphisms allowed normal Japanese alleles to be classified into seven haplotypes. All 235delC mutant alleles identified in four patients resided only on haplotype type 1. These findings indicate that GJB2 mutations are also responsible for prelingual deafness in Japan.     

The prevalence of the 235delC GJB2 mutation in a Chinese deaf population.

PURPOSE: Mutations in the GJB2 gene are the most frequently found mutations in patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment in populations studied to date. However, the prevalence of mutations varies among different ethnic groups. In most areas of China, genetic testing for nonsyndromic hearing impairment is currently not available because of the lack of information regarding the molecular cause of nonsyndromic hearing impairment. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of a common GJB2 mutation, 235delC, in Chinese deaf children. METHODS: We collected DNA specimens from 3004 patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment from 26 regions of China; 368 Han Chinese and 98 Uigur controls, and screened for the 235delC mutation. The coding exon of the GJB2 gene was polymerase chain reaction amplified, followed by restriction enzyme digestion with ApaI and analysis by agarose gel. RESULTS: Overall, 488 patients (16.3%) were determined to carry at least one 235delC mutant allele, with 233 (7.8%) homozygotes and 255 (8.5%) heterozygotes. Therefore, within the subpopulations examined, the frequency varies from 0% to 14.7% for 235delC homozygotes and from 1.7% to 16.1% for heterozygotes. On the basis of this survey of the patient cohort as stated, Chinese patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment appear to have a relatively higher 235delC frequency than that of other Asian populations. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that an easy and fast genetic testing method for this well-known GJB2 gene mutation can be made available for at least 2 million Chinese patients and family members with nonsyndromic hearing impairment. By screening for the common GJB2 235delC mutation, the molecular cause in as high as 15% of patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment in certain regions of China can be identified. In addition, patients who are negative for the 235delC mutation would be candidates for further mutational analysis of GJB2 or other deafness-related genes.     

五个母系遗传非综合征性耳聋和药物性耳聋的中国汉族家系

目的 通过对母系遗传非综合征性耳聋家系临床和分子遗传学特征分析,进一步探讨线粒体12S rRNA基因对母系遗传药物性耳聋的影响.方法 收集5个非综合征性耳聋患者家系,提取基因组DNA,然后进行线粒体DNA全序列和间隙连接蛋白β2(gap junction protein beta 2,GJB2)基因扩增并测序分析.结果 5个家系内和家系间的母系成员在听力损失、发病年龄和听力曲线上存在较大差异.5个家系耳聋发生的外显率分别为17.6%、50.0%、66.7%、31.3%和23.1%,平均外显率是37.7%.线粒体全序列显示家系间存在已知的1555A＞G突变和不同的多态性位点,分别属于东亚人群D4b2b、B4c1b1、F3、C1、D5a单倍型.这5个家系没有携带已知的线粒体DNA继发突变,但发现了2个保守性较高的ND1L89T和CO3 A200T突变.而且,GJB2基因上未发现与耳聋相关的突变.结论 这5个母系遗传非综合征性耳聋家系中,线粒体DNA继发突变、GJB2基因可能没有影响1555A＞G的表型表达.然而,氨基糖甙类抗生素、线粒体DNA多态性及其他核修饰基因可能对这5个耳聋家系的表型表达起到修饰作用.     

Connexin26 gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">GJB2</Emphasis>): prevalence of mutations in the Chinese population

 The connexin26 gene (GJB2) has been shown to be responsible for DFNB1 and DFNA3 (Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Nonsyndromic Deafness Locus 1 and Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Nonsyndromic Deafness Locus 3). Two hundred ten independently ascertained Chinese probands with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) were evaluated for mutations in GJB2, including 43 probands from families with more than one sib with NSHL, likely indicating dominant inheritance, and sporadic cases of NSHL, compatible with recessive inheritance. Of the 210 probands, 43 (20%) were homozygous or heterozygous for mutations in GJB2. Four different mutations were identified: 35delG, 109G-A, 235delC, and 299–300delAT. It was confirmed that GJB2 mutations are an important cause of hearing loss in this population. Of these four mutations, 235delC was the most prevalent at 93%; yet the 35delG mutation, which is the most common GJB2 mutation in Caucasian subjects (Europeans and Americans), was found in low frequency in the present study. It appears from our limited data and reports from other East Asians that 235delC is the most prevalent GJB2 mutation in these populations. GJB2 mutations are consistent with ethnic predilections. Received: July 8, 2002 / Accepted: October 4, 2002     

Mutations of Cx26 gene (GJB2) for prelingual deafness in Taiwan

Mutations in the Cx26 (GJB2) gene have been shown to be responsible for a major part of autosomal recessive non-syndromic inherited prelingual deafness. We have sequenced the coding region of GJB2 gene from 169 Taiwanese patients with prelingual deafness and 100 unrelated normal individuals. In the deaf patients, three mutations were found: two novel mutations, 551G-->A, and 299-300delAT, and one previously described mutation, 235delC. Four previously reported polymorphisms, 79G-->A, 109G-->A, 341A-->G, and 608T-->C, were also found in both deaf patients and normal individuals and one new possible polymorphism, 558G-->A, which was only found in a patient. Interestingly, we did not find the 35delG allele, which is commonly found in the Caucasian population, either in the patients or in normal individuals we examined. Our data also showed 235delC to be the most common type of mutation found in Cx26 mutants (approximately 57%). Therefore, based on our findings, we have developed a simple molecular test for the 235delC mutation and it should be of considerable help to those families to understand the cause of their children having the prelingual deafness.