充血性心力衰竭患者血浆孤啡肽水平观察

充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）具有复杂的神经内分泌变化，近年发现内源性阿片肽参与ＣＨＦ的发病过程〔１〕。孤啡肽（ＯＦＱ）是阿片肽的一种特殊类型，具有降低痛阈、调节情感及稳定内环境等多种生物学效应〔２〕。本研究测定了ＣＨＦ患者外周血ＯＦＱ水平，旨在探讨ＣＨＦ...     

CHANGES AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PLASMA ENDOTHE-LIN IN TRAUMA PATIENTS WITH HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK

ＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＡＮＤＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＰＬＡＳＭＡＥＮＤＯＴＨＥ┐ＬＩＮＩＮＴＲＡＵＭＡＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＷＩＴＨＨＥＭＯＲＲＨＡＧＩＣＳＨＯＣＫＤＵＤｉｎｇ－ｙｕａｎ（都定元）１，ＧＡＯＪｉｎ－ｍｏｕ（高劲谋）１，ＷＡＮＧＸ...     

OSTEOGENIC POTENTIAL OF RABBIT DERMAL FIBROBLASTS CULTURED IN VITRO: A HISTOCHEMICAL AND RADIOAUTO-GRAPHICAL STUDY

ＯＳＴＥＯＧＥＮＩＣＰＯＴＥＮＴＩＡＬＯＦＲＡＢＢＩＴＤＥＲＭＡＬＦＩＢＲＯＢＬＡＳＴＳＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＤＩＮＶＩＴＲＯ：ＡＨＩＳＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＡＮＤＲＡＤＩＯＡＵＴＯ┐ＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＣＨＡＩＢｅｎ－ｆｕ（柴本甫），ＴＡＮＧＸｕｅ－...     

高频喷射通气对海水性肺损伤换气功能的影响

本文向绵羊肺内灌入海水造成急性肺损伤。随机分为高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）组（９只）和对照组（５只）。对两组ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２、肺泡－动脉氧分压差［Ｐ（Ａ－ａ）Ｏ２］及肺分流率（ＱＳ／ＱＴ）进行了动态观察。结果显示，ＨＦＪＶ组ＰａＯ２高于对照组，而ＱＳ／ＱＴ及Ｐ（Ａ－ａ）Ｏ２则低于对照组。作者认为，ＨＦＪＶ对改善肺泡换气功能，抢救海水溺水有一定作用。不断清除气道内泡沫状液体，保持气道通畅是ＨＦＪＶ治疗的前提；尽可能延长ＨＦＪＶ使用时间，效果可能更佳。     

Hypertonic Saline Mannitol to Reverse Hemorrhagic Shock in Rabbits

ＨＹＰＥＲＴＯＮＩＣＳＡＬＩＮＥＭＡＮＮＩＴＯＬＴＯＲＥＶＥＲＳＥＨＥＭＯＲＲＨＡＧＩＣＳＨＯＣＫＩＮＲＡＢＢＩＴＳＬＵＯＸｕｅ－ｈｏｎｇ（罗学宏），ＨＵＡＮＧＺｈｉ－ｊｕｎ（黄志军），ＮＩＮＧＹａｎｇ－ｇｅｎ（宁阳根），ＴＡＮＧＡｉ－ｇｕｏ（汤爱国...     

Clinical Significance of Acute Phase Hyperglycemia in Patients with Severe Head Injury

ＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＡＣＵＴＥＰＨＡＳＥＨＹＰＥＲＧＬＹＣＥＭＩＡＩＮＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＷＩＴＨＳＥＶＥＲＥＨＥＡＤＩＮＪＵＲＹＺＨＡＮＧＳａｉ（张赛），ＹＡＮＧＳｈｕ－ｙｕａｎ（杨树源），ＷＡＮＧＭｉｎｇ－ｌｕ（王明璐）Ｏｂｊ...     

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON RENAL INJURIES AFTER EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY

ＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＡＮＤＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＲＥＮＡＬＩＮＪＵＲＩＥＳＡＦＴＥＲＥＸＴＲＡＣＯＲＰＯＲＥＡＬＳＨＯＣＫＷＡＶＥＬＩＴＨＯＴＲＩＰＳＹＦＡＮＧＹｕ－ｈｕａ（方玉华），ＪＩＡＮＧＪｕｎ（江军），ＤＵＷｅｉ－ｇｕｏ（都卫...     

兔中性粒细胞防御素的抗出血热病毒研究

从新西兰白兔的中性粒细胞胞浆颗粒中提取兔防御素，测定其体外抑制流行性出血热病毒（ＥＨＦＶ）的活性实验，结果表明：免防御素对ＥＨＦＶ感染Ｖｅｒｏ细胞无阻断作用，而对ＥＨＦＶ有直接杀灭作用，２０μｇ／ｍｌ时其抗病毒指数为１９６。同时，兔防御素对ＥＨＦＶ在Ｖｅｒｏ中的增殖有抑制作用，４０μｇ／ｍｌ时其抗病毒指数为２０８。     

OVX大鼠正畸牙齿移动牙周组织TNFβ的表达

目的通过免疫组织化学方法,观察大鼠卵巢切除术（ＯＶＸ）后正畸牙周组织内ＴＮＦβ的表达,了解雌激素缺乏时正畸牙周组织的改建情况。方法将ＯＶＸ及对照组ＳＤ大鼠按术后的天数随机分为０、７、２１、４２ｄ组,分别施以相同的矫治装置,加力２周,力值４０ｇ,牵引大鼠第１磨牙向近中移动。实验结束后处死动物,取上颌正畸牙及其牙周组织作免疫组化染色。结果ＯＶＸ组大鼠正畸牙周组织内ＴＮＦβ呈强阳性表达,而对照组大鼠的相同部位ＴＮＦβ则呈阴性表达,主要阳性表达细胞为牙周成纤维细胞、破骨细胞;随着ＯＶＸ术后时间的延长,实验组大鼠牙周组织内ＴＮＦβ的含量逐渐增加,两组切片染色的灰度值差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜００１）。结论雌激素缺乏时正畸牙周组织改建有其特殊性,ＴＮＦβ在ＯＶＸ大鼠正畸牙周组织的改建中有重要作用,其机制尚需进一步研究。     

GANGLIOSIDE GM_1 POTENTIATES NERVE GROWTH FACTOR EFFECTS ON REGENERATION OF CRUSHED SCIATIC NERVE IN RATS

ＧＡＮＧＬＩＯＳＩＤＥＧＭ１ＰＯＴＥＮＴＩＡＴＥＳＮＥＲＶＥＧＲＯＷＴＨＦＡＣＴＯＲＥＦ┐ＦＥＣＴＳＯＮＲＥＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＲＵＳＨＥＤＳＣＩＡＴＩＣＮＥＲＶＥＩＮＲＡＴＳＷＡＮＧＭｉｎ－ｓｈｅｎｇ（王民生），ＣＨＥＮＺｈｏｎｇ－ｗｅｉ（陈...     

节律基因Period1对吗啡依赖效应的影响

目的：研究节律基因Period1在药物精神依赖形成中的作用。方法：设计针对节律基因Period1 mRNA的核酶(per1 RZ)，构建以真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1为基础的perlRZ表达质粒(pcDNA3．1-per1RZ)；体外转录切割实验检测核酶对Period1 RNA的切割作用；脑室注射pcDNA3．1-perlRZ，调节动物节律基因Period1的表达；以BALB／C小鼠的吗啡条件性位置偏爱(CPP)为指标，观察pcDNA3．1-periRZ对吗啡精神依赖形成的影响。结果：体外切割实验发现perlRZ对PeriodlRNA的切割效率达到60％；动物实验证实per1RZ能有效干扰小鼠中枢神经系统Period1基因的表达，阻断吗啡条件性位置偏爱的形成。结论：节律基因Period1与药物精神依赖的形成有关，提示per1RZ可以阻断动物药物精神依赖的形成。     

Selective intraarterial nimodipine treatment in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been a serious clinical problem. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of selective intraarterial (IA) nimodipine treatment in a rabbit model of chronic cerebral vasospasm. METHODS: Twenty-two adult New-Zealand rabbits of either sex, weighing 2500-3800 g were used for this study. Following a control angiography, all animals received 1 mL of fresh unheparinized autologuous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. Three days later, the presence of vasospasm was demonstrated angiographically by selective vertebral artery injection. The experimental design was as follows: separate groups of animals (n = 5, in each group) received nimodipine (0.05 mg/kg), papaverine (6 mg/kg), or vehicle intraarterially, after placement of a microcatheter into the vertebral artery. Another group (n = 5) received nimodipine (0.05 mg/kg) directly into the cisterna magna, and vehicle injection was made into cisterna magna in two other animals. Thirty minutes after treatment, angiographies were repeated and changes in arterial diameter were expressed as percentages of control. RESULTS: IA nimodipine and IA papaverine were effective in relieving veretebral and basilary vasospasm (P < .05). IA nimodipine was more effective than IA papaverine (P < .05). IA nimodipine was not more effective than intrathecal (IT) nimodipine in relieving vertebral artery vasospasm, although it was more effective than IT nimodipine in basilar artery. Vehicle injections (IA or IT) failed to reverse the vasospasm induced by autologuous blood injection. CONCLUSION: This study showed that selective IA nimodipine treatment may be considered as an alternative in the treatment of chronic vasospasm following SAH.     

血卟啉衍生物肿瘤内注射的分布及毒性实验

为了探讨光敏剂瘤内注射法在临床上的应用，本实验将高浓度血卟啉衍生物（ＨｐＤ）直接注入荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤内，利用组织涂片法，通过荧光显微镜观察。结果，注射后１～５天内，局部注射组肿瘤内发橘红色荧光的细胞的百分比明显高于腹腔注射组，以１～４天为著。局部注射组的肝、脾、肾组织中发荧光细胞的百分比低于腹腔注射组。根据本实验结果认为，肿瘤内注射可以提高瘤内ＨｐＤ的浓度，而减少正常组织中ＨｐＤ的含量，减轻毒副作用     

Characterization of normal ileocecal valve density on CT colonography

The objective of this study was to evaluate normal ileocecal valve (ICV) attenuation and composition on CT colonography (CTC). Two hundred twelve patients who underwent CTC at the authors' institution were retrospectively identified. Two independent readers recorded three region-of-interest (ROI) measurements, which were used to determine mean ICV density. ICV attenuation measurements were compared with age and abdominal body fat using Pearson correlation. A subjective classification system was applied to characterize the relative fat and soft tissue density of the ICV. Mean ICV density was -26.3+/-14 HU (range -60.1 to 18.3 HU). There was no correlation between the fat content of the ICV and age (r=0.06) or body fat (r=-0.47). The majority of valves (83.5%) were classified as heterogeneously low density or heterogeneously high density, whereas a small fraction of valves (6.1%) were categorized as homogeneously low density. The results of this study suggest that ICVs have a varying range of densities, and this feature alone cannot be used to distinguish the ICV from a polyp or neoplastic lesion on CTC.     

Venous variations in the region of the third ventricle: the role of MR venography

In this study, we examined the anatomical variations of the subependymal veins in the region of the foramen of Monro and the third ventricle by MR time of flight (TOF) venography. Fifty healthy subjects, ten patients with third-ventricle tumors, and four patients with lateral-ventricle tumors were included in the study. The courses of the anterior septal vein (ASV), thalamostriate vein (TSV), and internal cerebral vein (ICV) were studied. The proximity of the venous angle, the false venous angle, and the ASV–ICV junction to the posterior margin of the foramen of Monro was measured. In 69 (53.9%) sides, the ASV–ICV junction was located at the venous angle and at the posterior margin of the foramen of Monro. In 59 (46.1%) sides, the ASV–ICV junction was located beyond the foramen of Monro. Our study shows the high incidence of posteriorly located ASV–ICV junctions, which can be crucial in the planning of a better surgical approach. We strongly recommend that MR venography, which is a short radiological examination, be used before one operates on third-ventricle and lateral-ventricle tumors.     

孤啡肽对大鼠大脑皮质神经元及星形胶质细胞神经甾体水平的影响

目的研究孤啡肽(orphaninFQ,OFQ)对原代培养的大鼠大脑皮质神经元及星形胶质细胞神经甾体水平的影响。方法固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法测定细胞培养上清液中神经甾体的水平。结果在神经元与氯化钠溶液对照组相比,OFQ(10μmol·L-1)使硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DS)和硫酸孕烯醇酮(PS)的水平显著降低,使脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)和别孕烯醇酮(AP)的水平显著增加。在星形胶质细胞,与氯化钠溶液对照组相比,OFQ使DS和孕烯醇酮(PREG)的水平显著降低,使DHEA水平显著增加。结论OFQ不同程度影响了皮质神经元和星形胶质细胞神经甾体的合成释放。     

Visualization of the internal cerebral veins on MR phase-sensitive imaging: comparison with 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR venography and fast-spoiled gradient recalled imaging

The purpose of this article is to compare the visualization quality of ICV and their tributaries on PSI-MRV, 3D CE-MRV, and 3D CE-FSPGR. PSI-MRV has been shown to delineate the ICV, TSV, SV, anterior caudate nucleus veins, and medial atrial veins effectively. Due to its advantages of no contrast material injection, acceptable examination times, and no arterial contamination, PSI-MRV should be considered in the evaluation of deep cerebral veins.     

CT colonography with computer-aided detection: automated recognition of ileocecal valve to reduce number of false-positive detections

The ileocecal valve (ICV) is a common cause of false-positive detections of polyps at computed tomographic (CT) colonography with computer-aided detection (CAD). The authors developed a CAD algorithm for differentiating the ICV from a true polyp and evaluated this algorithm by using two colonoscopy-confirmed CT colonography data sets. Data sets 1 and 2 consisted of the data obtained at CT colonographic examinations performed in 20 and 40 patients, respectively. Forty of these patients had at least one polyp 1 cm or larger. For data set 1, the proposed ICV recognition algorithm eliminated three of nine (33%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8%, 70%) false-positive CAD detections that were attributable to the ICV and none of the true-positive polyp detections. For data set 2, with use of identical parameters, the algorithm eliminated 11 of 18 (61%; 95% CI: 36%, 83%) false-positive detections that were attributable to the ICV and none of the true-positive detections. The thresholds used to recognize the ICV were a mean internal CT attenuation of less than -124 HU and a volume of greater than 1.5 cm(3). The proposed algorithm successfully recognized the ICV and eliminated it in some cases. This result is clinically important because, by reducing the frequency of a common cause of false-positive detections, this algorithm may improve the efficiency of physicians who use CAD.     

A quantitative index of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid distribution in normal pressure hydrocephalus using an MRI-based processing technique

Our purpose was to quantify the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume components using an original MRI-based segmentation technique and to investigate whether a CSF volume index is useful for diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). We studied 59 subjects: 16 patients with NPH, 14 young and 13 elderly normal volunteers, and 16 patients with cerebrovascular disease. Images were acquired on a 1.5-T system, using a 3D-fast asymmetrical spin- echo (FASE) method. A region-growing method (RGM) was used to extract the CSF spaces from the FASE images. Ventricular volume (VV) and intracranial CSF volume (ICV) were measured, and a VV/ICV ratio was calculated. Mean VV and VV/ICV ratio were higher in the NPH group than in the other groups, and the differences were statistically significant, whereas the mean ICV value in the NPH group was not significantly increased. Of the 16 patients in the NPH group, 13 had VV/ICV ratios above 30 %. In contrast, no subject in the other groups had a VV/ICV ratios higher than 30 %. We conclude that these CSF volume parameters, especially the VV/ICV ratio, are useful for the diagnosis of NPH. Received: 17 June 1999/Accepted: 12 October 1999     

123I-2-iodo-tyrosine, a new tumour imaging agent: human biodistribution, dosimetry and initial clinical evaluation in glioma patients

Purpose ¹²³I-2-iodo-tyrosine (¹²³I-2IT) has been identified as a promising new amino acid tracer in animals. Uptake is mediated by LAT1 transport, which is increased in tumour cells. In this study we present the human biodistribution and first clinical results in glioma patients. Methods For the biodistribution study, six male volunteers received 60–95 MBq ¹²³I-2IT. Whole-body scans and blood and urine samples were obtained up to 24 h after injection; dosimetry was calculated using OLINDA 1.0 software. Initial clinical evaluation of ¹²³I-2IT SPECT was performed in 35 patients with suspected or known glioma, either as primary diagnosis or for detection of recurrence. Tumour-to-background (T/B) ratios were calculated for semi-quantitative analysis. The results were correlated with clinical and MRI follow-up data or histology. Results ¹²³I-2IT showed both renal and intestinal clearance. Bladder (0.12 mGy/MBq) and small intestine (0.03 mGy/MBq) received the highest absorbed doses. The effective dose equivalent and effective dose were estimated at 0.020 and 0.016 mSv/MBq, respectively. In patients, ¹²³I-2IT SPECT did not differentiate between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions after an indeterminate MRI. In follow-up of known glioma, 13/15 patients with disease recurrence had increased T/B values (range 1.39–3.91). Out of seven recurrence-negative patients, two showed an important increase in T/B, in one case due to radionecrosis (T/B 1.59) and in the other probably due to residual but stable disease (T/B 2.07). Conclusion ¹²³I-2IT has a favourable biodistribution for a tumour imaging agent. It shows increased uptake in central nervous system glioma and is potentially useful in the follow-up of glioma patients. M. Keyaerts is an “aspirant” of the FWO-Vlaanderen.