Kaposi's sarcoma appearing as a rectal ulcer

This case report describes the occurrence of a painful rectal ulcer and associated fecal incontinence in a male homosexual with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. At biopsy, the ulcer proved to be Kaposi's sarcoma. The unusual location and the atypical gross appearance of this lesion underscore the need for an aggressive diagnostic approach to such ulcerative lesions. The advanced stage of the tumor at diagnosis and the patient's poor prognosis presented a difficult therapeutic dilemma, for which only palliative measures and local control were recommended.     

Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma of the mesocolon in a child

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a malignant neoplasm usually affecting the skeletal system. Extraskeletal ES is a rare tumor. To date, only 1 case of primary mesocolon ES has been previously reported in an adult. Herein, we present the first case of ES in the mesocolon in a child.     

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a rectal polyp in a child

Primary lymphoma of the rectum is extremely rare in children. We report here a 10-year-old boy with localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, discovered within a rectal polyp. The literature on childhood rectal lymphomas is reviewed. This case illustrates the importance of considering the possibility of malignancy with rectal polyps, even in children.     

Myeloid sarcoma in a child with acute myeloblastic leukaemia

We report a rare occurrence of myeloid sarcoma in a 7 years old child with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML-FAB type M2). He presented with fever, generalized weakness, bilateral proptosis and left parotid swelling. CT scan revealed a mass in paranasal sinuses extending into brain and retro-orbital region. Diagnosis of AML M2 was made on bone marrow aspiration and special stains. Induction therapy for AML was given according to standard protocol. The extramedullary lesion as well as the acute leukaemia went into complete remission.     

Synovial sarcoma in child -- case report

Soft tissue tumors occur rarely and account for 7 to 10% of all malignant neoplasms in children under 15 years of age. They constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from primitive mesenchymal tissue. According to their origin they are classified as rhabdomyosarcomas and non-rhabdomyosarcomas of soft tissues. Synovial sarcoma is a rare fibroblastic tumor of soft tissue. In children under 5 years it is found only exceptionally. This study reports on a synovial sarcoma localized on the right lower extremity in a boy aged 4 years and 5 months. Differential diagnosis, prognostic factors and the role of imaging methods are discussed.     

Liver transplant for relapsed undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma in a young child

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is a rare hepatic malignancy of childhood with a historically poor prognosis. Recent improvements in outcomes have been reported in small numbers of cases with the use of combination therapy involving aggressive surgical resection and chemotherapy. Complete surgical resection is frequently difficult to achieve when the location of the tumor is along the margins of the major hepatic vessels (portal vein, hepatic vein, and hepatic artery). Here we report a case of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver that recurred along surgical hepatic vein margins in a 9-year-old boy who subsequently underwent orthotopic liver transplantation from a cadaveric donor. The patient has been in continuous clinical remission for the last 5 years.     

Laparoscopic suture rectopexy for rectal prolapse in a 22-month-old child

We present the case of a 22-month-old female child who presented with severe recurrent rectum prolapse. The patient was successfully managed using the laparoscopic simple suture rectopexy approach with 5-mm instruments employing two 3-0 nonabsorbable sutures on either side of the rectum to secure it to the presacral fascia. There was no blood loss, and the procedure was completed without complication. The child was followed up for a period of 24 months with good results.     

Acute scrotum as a complication of Thiersch operation for rectal prolapse in a child

Background  

We report a case of acute scrotal condition that presented in a four year old male child one year after being treated for an idiopathic rectal prolapse utilizing Thiersch wire.     

Rectal puncture complicating caudal blockade in a child with severe rectal distension

We describe a case of unrecognized rectal puncture following unsuccessful caudal blockade in a patient later found to have marked rectal distension on MRI. This may have contributed to the rectal injury.     

小儿肝脏胚胎性肉瘤一例

1临床资料 患儿女，6岁。因间断腹痛2个月于2012年12月12日入院。2012年1O月患儿无明显诱因出现腹痛，以脐周为著，呈间歇性钝痛，与进食无关，无恶心、呕吐，无发热等不适，在当地医院诊断为肝囊肿并进行局部麻醉B超引导下肝囊肿穿刺术，引流出酱油色液体约450mL，并注入平阳霉素5mg，患儿腹痛症状缓解后出院。为求进一步诊断与治疗来我科就诊。入院后体格检查：右季肋区肋缘下可触及直径约5cm质地峰硬包块，压痛阳性。既往无肝炎等特殊疾病史。     

Vascular characterization of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney in a child: a case report and review

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is uncommon pediatric renal tumor and can present a significant therapeutic challenge in those patients whose tumors spread beyond the kidney. Thus, identifying potential novel targets for treatment may be clinically important. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is characterized by a unique vascular pattern, in which nests of tumor cells are separated by regularly-spaced, fine fibrovascular septa. This distinctive histopathology raises the possibility that understanding the factors which drive angiogenesis in CCSK tumors may suggest new therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a case of CCSK and present immunohistochemical studies of its vasculature.     

Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus in immunoblastic sarcoma of B-cells arising in a child with primary immunodeficiency disease

The subject of this investigation was an 11-month-old infant girl who presented with a pathological fracture of the right femur due to a metastasis from an abdominal immunoblastic sarcoma. Her past history included recurrent, intractable bacterial and fungal infections. Investigations of her immune status revealed low numbers of T-lymphocytes, a reversed T-helper (TH)/T-suppressor (TS) cell ratio, no response of her peripheral blood lymphocytes to pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and Candida albicans, and an inability of her cells to react in a mixed lymphocyte culture. Serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA were all below normal. No thymic shadow was visible on the chest radiograph. There was no evidence of adenosine deaminase or nucleoside phosphorylase deficiencies. The tumor cells exhibited both surface IgM and IgG, and many of the cells contained large amounts of cytoplasmic IgM. Light chain specificity was restricted to lambda chain for both surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. Ultrastructural study of the tumor cells revealed the presence of both intranuclear and cytoplasmic virions in roughly 1% of the tumor cells. These viral particles strongly resembled herpes viruses. DNA-hybridization studies on the neoplasm revealed the presence of 7-10 genome equivalents of Epstein-Barr virus-DNA per tumor cell.     

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney with cavo-atrial tumor thrombus: complete resection in a child

Clear cell sarcoma is one of the rarely occurring renal tumors during childhood, and transvenous tumor extension into the right atrium is even more unusual. In this report, we describe the presentation, treatment, technique of complete resection, and outcome of a 23-month-old girl with clear cell sarcoma of the right kidney with cavo-atrial tumor thrombus.