原发性肾病综合征患者体内氧化及抗氧化系统改变的探讨

目的 :探讨原发性肾病综合征 (PNS)患者体内氧化损伤状态和抗氧化系统的改变。方法 :测定了 38例肾病综合征患者的血清丙二醛 (MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -PX)及血清和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量 ,并与正常对照组进行了比较。结果 :38例PNS患者血清丙二醛水平明显高于正常对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;GSH -PX、血清SOD ,红细胞SOD及SOD/MDA均明显低于正常对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :脂质过氧化物参与了肾病综合征的致病 ,以及肾病综合征患者抗氧化能力下降导致了肾病综合征患者的发病。     

益肾方治疗早期慢性肾衰竭肾虚血瘀证

目的:观察益肾方治疗早期慢性肾衰竭肾虚血瘀证的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取慢性肾衰竭早期患者60例,随机分为治疗组31例,对照组29例。对照组给予尿毒清颗粒,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予益肾方治疗,持续2个月。比较两组患者尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)、血浆白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HB)水平,两组患者临床疗效,中医证候积分。结果:治疗后两组患者ALB、HB水平均显著升高,且治疗组治疗后高于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。治疗后两组患者BUN、Scr水平均显著升高,GFR均降低;治疗组治疗后以上指标改善均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。治疗组有效率为93. 5%(29/31),对照组有效率为58. 6%(17/29),两组有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。治疗后两组患者中医证候积分均明显降低,且治疗组治疗后明显低于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论:益肾方治疗早期慢性肾衰竭肾虚血瘀证临床疗效显著,可改善患者肾功能,提高ALB、HB水平,降低患者中医证候积分。     

自由基代谢在缺血性脑卒中患者血清中变化的研究

目的 :为证实氧自由基在缺血性脑卒中过程中的损伤作用 ,也为临床进行抗自由基治疗提供有力的理论依据。方法 :检测缺血性脑卒中患者及健康人血中丙二醛 (MDA) ,超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)。结果 :急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清中MDA升高 ,与健康人比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,而SOD活性下降 ,与健康人比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :氧自由基产生增加及清除能力下降 ,脂质过氧化物反应增强是脑组织损害的重要原因之一 ,应用自由基清除剂可减轻对脑组织损害。     

益肾补阳还五汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变

目的 :对老年人糖尿病周围神经病 48例进行中医辨证规律观察 ;用益肾补阳还五汤治疗观察其临床疗效 ,并观察该方对尿过氧化脂质和血液流变学的影响。方法 :48例患者按不同中医证型分别用益肾补阳还五汤系列方治疗 ,同时控制饮食和药物控制血糖。治疗前后测定尿过氧化脂质( U- LPO)和红细胞压积 ( Ht)、纤维蛋白原 ( Fbg)及全血粘度 ( Va)、血浆粘度 ( vp)。结果 :48例中肾气阴虚血瘀证 30例 ,肾阳气虚血瘀证 1 8例。治疗后显效 2 6例 ,有效 1 6例 ,无效 6例 ,总有效率88.5 %。治疗前血液流变学主要指标均明显高于健康人 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;U- LPO值 ,肾阳气虚血瘀证患者明显高于肾气阴虚血瘀证患者 ( P<0 .0 5 )。治疗后 Fbg、Va、Vp、U- LPO均明显下降 ( P<0 .0 1～0 .0 5 ) ,肾阳气虚血瘀证 Ht下降不明显 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :益肾补阳还五汤治疗老年人糖尿病周围神经病变的作用机理与抗氧自由基损伤及改善血液流变学有关。肾阳气虚血瘀证氧自由基损伤程度较重 ,为微观辨证提供了依据。     

急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清超氧化歧化酶及丙二醛检测

目的:通过检测急性重型颅脑损伤患者在不同时值的血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,来间接观察其氧自由基在体内堆积程度.方法:选择住院的颅脑损伤后,临床诊断属急性重型颅脑损伤的患者,在伤后24、48、72 h抽血进行检测,所得结果与正常参考值比较.结果:发现SOD值渐低于正常参考值,而MDA值即渐高于正常值,且于伤后72 h较显著(P＜0.05).结论:间接反映出氧自由基在急性重型颅脑损伤后渐有增加的反应,也证明了急性重型颅脑损伤(原发、继发)的程度,并对观察临床治疗效果及对预后判断有实用意义.     

中风祖方对急性缺血性卒中血瘀证患者NIHSS评分及证候积分的影响

目的:观察中风祖方治疗血瘀证急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效。方法 :选取急性缺血性卒中血瘀证患者166例,按随机数字表法分成治疗组82例,对照组84例,对照组予标准治疗(阿司匹林100 mg,口服,日1次;立普妥20 mg,口服,每晚1次)并配合中药治疗,治疗组予标准治疗+中风祖方,治疗14 d后观察美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及血瘀证证候积分变化。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后两组NIHSS评分及血瘀证证候积分均有下降(P0.05);治疗后治疗组NIHSS评分差值及血瘀证证候积分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组中医证候总有效率52.43%,对照组35.71%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中风祖方能明显改善急性缺血性卒中患者神经功能及中医证候。     

糖异平对糖耐量减低SOD、GSH-PX和MDA的影响

目的观察中药制剂糖异平对糖耐量减低(IGT)患者SOD、GSH-PX和MDA的影响和临床疗效,探讨其抗动脉硬化作用机制。方法将124例糖耐量减低患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予拜唐苹治疗,治疗组给予糖异平中药水丸口服,观察治疗前后2组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、丙二醛(MDA)及中医证候积分变化。结果治疗组在改善中医证候积分方面优于对照组(P0.05);在升高SOD、GSH-PX水平方面优于对照组(P0.05),在降低MDA水平方面优于对照组(P0.05)。结论糖异平不但可以明显改善糖耐量减低患者的中医证候,而且可以明显降低糖尿病患者MDA水平,升高血清SOD、GSH-PX的水平,具有抗氧化功能。     

脑梗塞患者血浆超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛的变化

目的 :探讨超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法 :采用黄嘌呤氧化法 (测定SOD)、硫代巴比妥盐法 (测定MDA)测定 47例缺血性脑血管病患者急性期 (发病 72h内 )、2 0例患者恢复期 (发病 3周后 )及 33例对照者血浆SOD、MDA含量 ,并进行比较。结果 :急性期时患者血浆中SOD含量明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,MDA含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;恢复期时患者血浆中SOD、MDA含量接近对照组 (P >0 0 5 )。神经功能缺损积分 ,中型组患者血浆中MDA高于轻型组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;重型组患者血浆中SOD明显低于轻型组 (P <0 0 1) ,MDA明显高于轻型组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :急性缺血性脑血管病后 ,患者血浆SOD含量明显降低 ,MDA含量明显增高 ,并与病情轻重密切相关 ,随病情的好转SOD、MDA的含量趋于正常     

前列腺素E1脂微球制剂对油酸引起的大鼠急性肺损伤的实验研究

目的 :了解前列腺素E1脂微球制剂 (lipo PGE1)和粉针剂 (PGE1)在油酸引起的大鼠急性肺损伤中的应用价值。方法 :随机将 40只Wistar大鼠分成 4组 :正常组 (A组 )、油酸模型组 (B组 )、PGE1组 (C组 )和lipo PGE1组 (D组 )。于实验 3h时分别测量每只大鼠的肺系数、肺湿重 /肺干重、肺含水率、血浆中的丙二醛(MDA)、红细胞中的过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、动脉血气和、肺泡动脉氧分压差 (A aDO2 ) ,并进行统计学分析。结果 :(1 )D组与B组比较 ,肺系数、肺湿重 /肺干重、肺含水率显著减小 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血浆SOD含量、动脉血PaO2 显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血浆MDA含量、A aDO2 显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )C组与B组比较 ,肺系数、肺湿重 /肺干重、肺含水率显著减小 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,动脉血PaO2 显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,A aDO2 显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。(3 )C组与D组比较 ,前者血浆SOD含量显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血浆MDA含量显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,更接近正常。结论 :前列腺素E1脂微球制对油酸引起的大鼠急性肺损伤有明显的治疗作用 ,在某些方面其效果优于粉针剂型PGE1。     

清开灵对肺心病急性发作期血浆ANF SOD的影响

探讨清开灵注射液对肺心病急性发作期患者血浆ANF、SOD的影响。选择 60例肺心病急性发作期住院患者 ,随机分为西医治疗组 (对照组 )和西医治疗加清开灵注射液 (治疗组 ) 2组 ,每组各 3 0例 ,观察治疗前后血浆ANF、SOD的变化水平。结果 ,治疗组临床显效率高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,治疗组治疗后ANF的降低水平、SOD的升高水平明显优于对照组 (P <0 0 1 )。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.