介入性塑料支架置入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的介绍鼻泪管阻塞的介入性塑料支架置入术并评价其疗效。方法对23例患者的25个由泪囊炎引起阻塞的泪道置入Song601型塑料支架,阻塞部位均位于泪囊与鼻泪管交界处。按Song方法透视下将导丝由泪点顺行插入,再从鼻腔逆行引入支架。术前与术后行泪道造影,随访期均超过1年。结果所有泪道支架均放置成功,术后造影均显示通畅,1周后23个（92%）无溢泪,7个（28%）泪道于术后2～10个月溢泪复发,其中3个是由泪总管阻塞引起。3个阻塞的支架被取出,取出的支架内2个有肉芽组织,1个有粘液样物质。2个取出后仍不通,另一个取出后3周溢泪复发,将原支架重新置入后缓解。未出现严重并发症。结论鼻泪管阻塞后可用介入性置入塑料支架治疗,随访1年以上疗效显著,安全性好,可作为首选治疗手段。     

鼻泪管阻塞的介入治疗(附12例报告)

目的　介绍无电视监视记忆合金支架治疗鼻泪管阻塞的效果。方法　对 12例 15眼鼻泪管阻塞植入国产钛镍记忆合金支架。先行泪道冲洗 ,鼻泪管造影定位 ,从泪点顺行插入导丝 ,沿导丝逆行引入扩张器 ,然后用导管鞘将记忆合金支架植入鼻泪管。结果　术后造影鼻泪管通畅 ,溢泪、溢脓完全消失。随访 1～ 12个月 ,痊愈 9例 11眼 ,好转 3例 4眼。结论　鼻泪管阻塞的介入治疗是一种新的简便、安全、有效的方法。     

自制内涵管介入治疗溢泪症38例分析

目的介绍溢泪症的自制内涵管置入治疗。方法对38例45只鼻泪管阻塞(鼻泪管与泪囊连接处)置放自制内涵管治疗,按Song方法顺行引入导丝,逆行放入内涵管。术前与术后做泪囊、鼻泪管造影。结果所有鼻泪管在术后造影均通畅,最长随访390 d,放置内涵管前,所有病例均有Ⅲ~Ⅳ度流泪程度,放内涵管后半年内,40只(90%)流泪明显好转,2只28 d移位,4只6个月后阻塞,取出内涵管重新放置又恢复通畅。结论用自制内涵管置入治疗泪囊以下阻塞是一种安全、简单及有效的方法,不需住院、经济费用低、很值得推广。     

泪道激光成形联合逆行置管治疗鼻泪管阻塞性疾病的疗效观察

目的观察Nd∶YAG泪道激光成形联合泪道再通管逆行置入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞的疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年2月至2014年12月,鼻泪管阻塞患者189例226只眼,其中单纯性鼻泪管阻塞141例178只眼,慢性泪囊炎48例48只眼。行Nd∶YAG泪道激光成形联合泪道再通管置入术,激光治疗能量为165~1 100 m J,置管6个月后拔管并随访6~18个月,观察流泪、流脓、泪道通畅等情况。结果在带管6个月内,溢泪溢脓消失或改善,泪道冲洗畅。拔管后随访6~18个月,治愈117只眼,好转52只眼,总有效率为74.7%。无效57只眼,占25.3%。结论 Nd∶YAG泪道激光成形联合泪道再通管置入术是一种有效的鼻泪管阻塞性疾病的治疗方法。     

鼻泪管阻塞的内涵管治疗

目的介绍鼻泪管阻塞的内涵管治疗。方法对9例11只鼻泪管阻塞（鼻泪管与泪囊连接处）置放Song601型内涵管治疗，按Song方法顺行引入导丝，逆行放入内涵管。术前与术后做泪囊造影。结果所有鼻泪管在术后造影均通畅，最长随访日为377天，放内涵管前，所有病例均有Ⅳ～Ⅴ度流泪程度，放内涵管后半年内，10只（91％）流泪明显好转，其中7只完全正常；1只5个月后无效，取出内涵管重新置放，症状消失至今3个月。结论介入治疗界泪管阻塞是一种安全、简单及有效的方法，不影响局部解剖结构。     

激光泪道成形术联合支架植入治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的：观察激光泪道成形术联合鼻泪管支架植入对慢性泪囊炎的治疗效果。方法：慢性泪囊炎患者61例（69眼），男性5例（5眼），女性56例（64眼）；病程6个月至20年。将特制的空心泪道探针插至泪道阻塞处，从空心插入光导纤维，以功率为8－14W的KTP激光击射阻塞处1－3次。待泪道通畅后从鼻腔逆行置入带有小孔蘑茹头和引流管的鼻泪管支架。术后追踪9－33个月。结果：56眼溢泪完全消失，9眼溢泪减轻，总有效率为94．2％。无并发症发生。结论：激光泪道成形术联合鼻泪管支架植入是治疗慢性泪囊炎安全、有效的方法。     

恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉压迫综合征的介入治疗

目的：探讨采用介入方法治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征（SVCS）的疗效及临床意义。方法：24例上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者,经右侧股静脉入路,以猪尾巴导管于狭窄段近端或远端造影,明确狭窄部位、长度、程度,无局部血栓形成者直接置入Wallstent支架（Boston Scientific,USA）,合并血栓病例留置溶栓导管局部溶栓后再置入支架。结果：24例全部开通成功,手术成功率100%,狭窄段平均长度4.6 cm（3～7 cm）。3例置入2枚支架,其余患者均置入1枚支架。9例在支架置入前行溶栓治疗。开通前后梗阻远侧卧位测静脉压,术前（27.3±1.8）cmH2O,术后降至（4.5±0.8）cmH2O,置入支架后造影示侧支静脉完全消失,上腔静脉阻塞症状于术后即刻至术后3 d完全消退。随访8～26个月,11例术后5～10个月内死亡,13例存活,所有病例上腔静脉阻塞症状未再复发。结论：上腔静脉支架置入术联合导管局部溶栓是治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征有效的微创治疗方法。     

X线引导下金属支架置入治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻32例临床随访研究

目的 探讨X线引导下金属支架置入术治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻的临床随访与评价.方法 选取32例胃十二指肠恶性梗阻患者,行X线监视下进入导管导丝,超过狭窄或梗阻段,交换人软头超硬导丝,经超硬导丝置入并释放自膨式金属肠道支架.结果 28例患者成功置入支架,成功率为88％.术中透视造影示支架均定位准确、通畅.27例支架放置后1周内梗阻症状得到缓解或消除,临床有效率为96％.7例术后1个月左右出现梗阻复发,3例予再次放置第2枚支架后缓解.患者术后1个月生存率96％,术后2月生存率61％,术后6个月生存率25％.1例患者目前仍在随访中.结论 X线下金属支架置入治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻是一种可行、安全有效的方法.     

肝脏恶性肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的内支架治疗

目的：探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞内支架置入术的疗效。材料和方法：108例肝脏恶性肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞患者先作下腔静脉造影，用导丝通过狭窄段，置放Z型国产金属内支架，观察侧支循环、造影剂通过状况，测量狭窄段宽度及静脉压差。结果：108例均成功置入血管内支架，之后行经肝动脉化疗栓塞术。100例获良好血流动力改善，静脉压差明显降低，狭窄段宽度显著提高，侧支关闭；临床症状与体征在2－7天内减轻或消失；本组未出现明显并发症；80例随访6个月，支架保持通畅。结论：内支架置入术是治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤所致肝段下腔静脉狭窄的有效方法。     

紫杉醇支架冠状动脉造影随访结果分析

目的 观察紫杉醇洗脱支架治疗冠心病的临床实际疗效。方法 297例患者接受紫杉醇洗脱支架治疗,均接受了临床随访,134例于支架置入术后5-15个月行冠状动脉造影随访。结果 冠状动脉造影随访时,晚期管腔丢失支架内显著高于支架近端边缘及支架远端边缘（分别为0.37、0.18和0.12mm）,再狭窄率为10．4％,以支架内弥漫性狭窄为主,再血管化率为6．7％。1例患者于支架置入后4个月发生猝死,发生率为0．34％。1例于支架置入后5天发生支架内亚急性血栓形成,发生率0．34％。晚期血栓形成2例（术后12-24个月）,主要心血管不良事件发生率1．35％。结论 紫杉醇药物洗脱支架对复杂冠脉病变有较好的疗效,能显著降低支架后再狭窄率及靶血管的再血管化率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.