HBV感染与hTERT基因表达在肝细胞癌组织中的相关性研究

目的 :研究hTERT基因在HBsAg阳性与阴性肝细胞癌 (hepatocellularcarcinoma ,HCC)患者组织中表达的差异 ,探讨HBV病毒感染与hTERT基因表达在HCC中的相关性。方法 :应用免疫组化 (SP法 )和半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)分别检测 73例HCC患者组织中hTERT蛋白及其mRNA的表达情况 ,其中HBsAg阳性 5 3例 ,HBsAg阴性 2 0例 ,比较二者表达的差异。结果 :hTERT蛋白在HBsAg阳性HCC组织中的阳性表达为 48/5 3 ,在HBsAg阴性HCC组织中阳性表达为 12 /2 0 ,两组病例hTERT蛋白表达阳性率差异有统计学意义 ,P <0 0 1;hTERTmRNA在HB sAg阳性HCC组织中阳性表达为 46/5 3 ,hTERTmR NA在HBsAg阴性HCC组织中阳性表达为 11/2 0 ,两组病例hTERTmRNA表达阳性率差异有统计学意义 ,P <0 0 5 ;统计学分析显示 ,HCC中HBsAg与hTERTmRNA的表达有显著关联性 ,与hTERT蛋白的表达强度成系统性的线性趋势 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :HBsAg阳性HCC组织中hTERT基因表达的阳性率和阳性强度均明显高于HBsAg阴性HCC组织 ,差异有统计学意义 ,P <0 0 5 ;HCC中HBV病毒感染与hTERT基因表达之间具有相关性 ,提示在HCC发生发展中可能存在二者的相互作用     

HBx蛋白和p53蛋白对细胞凋亡的调节及其在肝细胞癌发生中的作用

目的 :研究HBx蛋白对细胞凋亡的调节及其在肝细胞癌发生中的作用。方法 :采用SP免疫组化方法和原位脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶标记技术分别检测HCC组织中HBx和p5 3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡。结果 :HCC和癌旁组织中的HBx蛋白的阳性率分别为 5 2 5 % (2 1 4 0 )和 6 7 5 % (2 7 4 0 ) ,在HCC中阳性信号多为呈核型 ,癌旁组织中以核浆型为主 ,阳性细胞多呈区域性或簇状分布 ;HCC中p5 3和HBx蛋白的表达具有较高的一致性 (P <0 0 1) ;p5 3和HBx表达强度均与凋亡细胞相关 ,其表达增强则凋亡细胞密度逐渐降低 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :提示HBx蛋白可能通过抑制p5 3的功能阻止细胞凋亡和促进细胞增殖 ,导致细胞生长失控和表现更高的恶性表型     

Hepatitis B virus X protein mutant upregulates CENP-A expression in hepatoma cells

The carcinogenic role of hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Centromere protein A (CENP-A) has been found to be frequently overexpressed in HCC. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of HBx in regulating CENP-A activity in HCC carcinogenesis. CENP-A expression was examined and the HBx gene was sequenced in 20?HBsAg-positive HCC patients and corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues. The influence of HBx mutants on CENP-A expression in HepG2 cells was analyzed by a series of assays. We found that CENP-A expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissues. HBx deletion, especially the COOH-terminal deletion of HBx is a frequent event in HBV-associated HCC tissues. A positive correlation was found between CENP-A expression and HBx COOH mutation in HCC tissues. HBx mutant increased the expression of the CENP-A mRNA and protein compared with full-length HBx. However, HBx did not directly interact with CENP-A. It is concluded that overexpression of CENP-A is closely associated with HBx COOH mutation in HCC. HBx mutant can increase CENP-A expression, probably through a mechanism independent of their physical combination, and thereby it may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.     

Integration of the hepatitis B virus X fragment in hepatocellular carcinoma and its effects on the expression of multiple molecules: a key to the cell cycle and apoptosis

We investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration and expression of several proteins involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis, including cyclin A, retinoblastoma protein (pRB), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis (LC). Archival HCC and LC specimens were obtained from 35 patients each with HBV infection; 5 normal liver specimens used as controls were also obtained. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot hybridization were used to detect the integration of HBV DNA in the HCC and LC specimens. The protein levels were determined by Western blot assay. The difference in HBV DNA integration between HCC and LC and correlation between HBV-encoded X protein (Hbx) integration and protein expression were analyzed statistically. HBV DNA was detected in 33 (94%) of the HCC and LC specimens. HBx integration differed in the HCC [24 (69%)] and LC [14 (40%)] specimens (p=0.015). Sixty percent of the HCC specimens and 6% of the LC specimens had increased cyclin A expression. Also, 34, 37, 69, and 77% of the HCC specimens were positive for pRB, FADD, TRADD, and NF-kappaB expression, whereas 80, 60, 100, and 100% of the LC specimens were positive for pRB, FADD, TRADD, and NF-kappaB expression. Significant correlations between HBx integration and the level of expression of cyclin A (r=0.452; p=0.006), pRB (r=-0.419; p=0.012), and TRADD (r=0.470; p=0.004) were discovered. Therefore, integration of HBV DNA occurred frequently in HCC and LC cases with chronic HBV infection, whereas HBx integration occurred more often in HCC than in LC cases (p=0.015). HBx integration and altered expression of genes is a key to apoptosis and may play important roles in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.     

MCM7、Rb、c-MYC在肝细胞癌中的表达及其在基因通路中的作用

目的 探讨MCM7、Rb、c-MYC等基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及其在基因通路中的意义.方法 选取2013年1月至2015年8月邯郸市中心医院手术切除的60例原发性肝细胞癌组织进行免疫组化染色,分析MCM7、Rb、c-MYC等基因在肝细胞癌中的表达情况.结果 MCM7蛋白仅在肝细胞癌组织(73.3%)中表达,显著高于正常肝组织和肝硬化组织(P<0.05);Rb蛋白在肝硬化组织(53.3%)和肝细胞癌组织(58.3%)中表达,两者阳性率之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);肝细胞癌组织(70.0%)中c-MYC蛋白阳性率显著高于肝硬化组织(35.0%)(P<0.05).MCM7蛋白的表达与肿瘤直径、AFP、组织分化程度和临床分期有关(P<0.05),而与病灶数、是否转移及HBsAg是否阳性无关(P>0.05);Rb蛋白的表达仅与肿瘤组织分化程度有关(P<0.05);c-MYC蛋白表达与肿瘤组织分化程度和是否转移有关(P<0.05).MCM7蛋白和Rb阳性率呈显著负相关(γ=-0.712,P=0.038;γ=-0.664,P=0.018).结论 肝细胞癌的发生是多基因多通路相互作用的结果,多种调控蛋白的异常共同导致肿瘤的发生.     

Prognostic significance of catalase expression and its regulatory effects on hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) in HBV-related advanced hepatocellular carcinomas

Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays a role in liver cancer development. We previously showed that ROS increased HBx levels and here, we investigated the role of antioxidants in the regulation of HBx expression and their clinical relevance. We found that overexpression of catalase induced a significant loss in HBx levels. The cysteine null mutant of HBx (Cys⁻) showed a dramatic reduction in its protein stability. In clonogenic proliferation assays, Huh7-X cells produced a significant number of colonies whereas Huh7-Cys⁻ cells failed to generate them. The Cys at position 69 of HBx was crucial to maintain its protein stability and transactivation function in response to ROS. Among 50 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens, 72% of HCCs showed lower catalase levels than those of surrounding non-tumor tissues. In advanced stage IV, catalase levels in non-tumor tissues were increased whereas those in tumors were further reduced. Accordingly, patients with a high T/N ratio for catalase showed significantly longer survival than those with a low T/N ratio. Together, catalase expression in HCC patients can be clinically useful for prediction of patient survival, and restoration of catalase expression in HCCs could be an important strategy for intervention in HBV-induced liver diseases.     

食管癌相关基因4(ECRG4)在肝细胞肝癌组织中表达及临床意义

目的 分析ECRG4基因在肝细胞肝癌组织(HCC)中的表达与甲基化情况,并探讨其临床意义.方法 分别采用免疫组化法、MSP-PCR两种方法,检测50例肝癌组织、对应癌旁组织及31例正常肝组织中的ECRG4蛋白的表达和ECRG4启动子区甲基化情况,并探讨两者之间的相关性.结果 ECRG4蛋白在肝癌组织、癌旁肝组织中表达水平显著低于正常肝组织(P<0.05),在肝癌组织中表达水平显著低于癌旁肝组织(P<0.05);且ECRG4肝癌组织的甲基化检出率明显高于癌旁肝组织及正常肝组织(P<0.05).ECRG4蛋白低表达率与ECRG4甲基化检出率明显相关(P均<0.05).结论 ECRG4在HCC组织中表达下调与其启动子区高甲基化存在明显的关联性,在肝癌的发生中发挥重要作用.     

Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Inhibits Tumor Suppressor miR-205 through Inducing Hypermethylation of miR-205 Promoter to Enhance Carcinogenesis

The infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which HBV X protein (HBx) plays crucial roles. MicroRNAs are involved in diverse biologic functions and in carcinogenesis by regulating gene expression. In the present study, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanism by which HBx enhances hepatocarcinogenesis. We found that miR-205 was downregulated in 33 clinical HCC tissues in comparison with adjacent noncancerous hepatic tissues. The expression levels of miR-205 were inversely correlated with those of HBx in abovementioned tissues. Then, we demonstrated that HBx was able to suppress miR-205 expression in hepatoma and liver cells. We validated that miR-205 directly targeted HBx mRNA. Ectopic expression of miR-205 downregulated HBx, whereas depletion of endogenous miR-205 upregulated HBx in hepatoma cells. Notably, our data revealed that HBx downregulated miR-205 through inducing hypermethylation of miR-205 promoter in the cells. In terms of function, the forced miR-205 expression remarkably inhibited the HBx-enhanced proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that miR-205 is a potential tumor-suppressive gene in HCC. HBx-transgenic mice showed that miR-205 was downregulated in the liver. Importantly, HBx was able to abrogate the effect of miR-205 on tumor suppression in carcinogenesis. Therefore, we conclude that HBx is able to inhibit tumor suppressor miR-205 to enhance hepatocarcinogenesis through inducing hypermethylation of miR-205 promoter during their interaction. Therapeutically, miR-205 may be useful in the treatment of HCC.     

人原发性肝癌及癌周肝组织内C－myc表达研究

应用免疫组化方法检测了５８例原发性肝癌组织石蜡切片中Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白的表达。结果显示，Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白在肝癌组织及其癌周肝组织中表达的阳性率分别为６８．９７％（４０／５８）及６５．５２％（３８／５８）。Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达的增加与ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性、肝硬化及具有明显肝细胞不典型增生、癌周肝内转移、肿瘤无纤维包膜密切相关。值得注意的是，肝癌手术切除患者中，Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达增加则肿瘤复发机率亦增高。文中还讨论了Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白的表达与原发性肝癌发生的可能作用。     

原发性肝细胞癌细胞凋亡相关蛋白bcl—2和bak的表达及意义

目的探讨细胞凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2和bak与肝癌的关系及其意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P方法,检测22例肝癌、22例肝癌伴肝硬变、20例肝硬变和10例正常肝组织中bcl-2及其相关蛋白bak的表达.结果 bcl-2蛋白在肝癌中表达阳性率为50.0%(22/44),而正常肝组织为60.0%(6/10),差异有显著性(P<0.05).在肝癌组织中bak蛋白表达阳性率为88.6%(39/44),而肝硬变组织为95.0%(19/20),差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 bcl-2在肝癌和肝硬变组织呈中等表达,而bak在肝癌和肝硬变均呈高表达.     

肝细胞癌中Bag-1、血管内皮生长因子的表达及其与预后的关系

 目的　检测Bag-1、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）分别在肝细胞癌（简称：肝癌）组织、癌旁肝组织及正常肝组织中的表达,探讨它们与肝癌及其预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学SP法检测Bag-1和VEGF在60例肝癌患者癌标本、30例癌旁肝组织、14例正常肝组织标本中的表达,并对其临床病理特点进行分析。结果　Bag-1、VEGF的表达率在肝癌组织中最高,分别为80.0 %（48／60）及73.3 %（44／60）,并且与癌旁肝组织[46.7 %（14／30）、43.3 %（13／30）]、正常肝组织[28.6 %（4／14）、21.4 %（3／14）]比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Bag-1、VEGF的表达与肝癌的分期、有无淋巴结转移、有无癌栓形成、有无包膜形成有相关性（P＜0.05）,而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤分级、肿瘤大小及甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平等因素无相关性（P＞0.05）。Bag-1和VEGF在肝癌标本中同时阳性40例,同时阴性8例,二者在肝癌组织中的表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）。Bag-1、VEGF阳性表达组患者1、2年生存率低于阴性组患者,阳性组患者的生存时间明显低于阴性组患者（P＜0.05）。结论　Bag-1、VEGF与肝癌生物学特性密切相关,和肝癌患者预后密切相关。     

Plac1在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨胎盘特异基因1（placenta-specific 1,Plac1）在肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测97例HCC组织及10例非肝癌的正常肝组织中Plac1的表达,并分析其与HCC临床病理特征及与患者预后的关系。结果:97例肝癌组织中,Plac1阳性表达51例,阳性表达率为52.6%,而在10例非肝癌的正常肝组织中不表达。Plac1蛋白的表达水平与患者的年龄、性别、血清AFP水平、肿瘤大小、是否有肝硬化及HBsAg阳性与否无关（P>0.05）,但与癌栓的形成及肿瘤转移相关（P<0.05）。Plac1阳性表达组HCC患者的术后生存时间明显低于Plac1阴性表达组HCC患者（P<0.05）,提示Plac1的表达可能与HCC患者的预后有关。结论:Plac1表达升高可能与HCC的发生发展密切相关。     

PTEN基因在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及其意义

目的:研究PTEN基因在肝细胞 肝癌(humanhepatocellularcarcinoma, HCC)中的表达,探讨其在HCC发生发展 中的作用及意义。方法:应用免疫组化(SP 法)和半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)检测58例HCC及对应癌旁组 织中PTEN蛋白及PTENmRNA的表达 情况,分析PTEN基因的表达与HCC临床 病理参数的关系。结果:PTEN蛋白明确 定位于肝细胞胞质内。PTENmRNA和 PTEN蛋白在HCC中的阳性率分别为 41.38%(24/58)、44.83%(26/58),明显低 于癌旁肝组织的阳性率100%(58/58),差 异具有统计学意义,P<0.01。统计学分析 显示,在HCC中PTEN基因的低表达与肿 瘤分期分级、门静脉有无癌栓、血清中甲胎 蛋白表达水平、是否合并HBV感染等有 关,P<0.05,与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小 等因素无关。结论:PTEN基因可能在 HCC的发生发展中起着重要作用,其表达 有望成为HCC的重要分子生物学指标。     

肝癌及癌旁组织中HBsAg表达的研究

应用免疫组织化学技术，检测４０例肝癌（ＨＣＣ）及癌旁组织中ＨＢｓＡｇ表达，阳性率达８２．５％，表明ＨＢＶ感染与ＨＣＣ发生密切相关。ＨＢｓＡｇ在ＨＣＣ中表达较癌旁组织中少而弱，可能系肝细胞癌变后不利于ＨＢｓＡｇ表达及Ｓ基因发生重排或缺失之故。碎点状ＨＢｓＡｇ小包涵体，其可能为ＨＣＣ中ＨＢｓＡｇ的特殊表现形式、小细胞ＬＣＤ中ＨＢｓＡｇ表达显著高于癌旁其他类型病变，支持其更接近癌前病变的观点。ＨＢｓＡｇ染色可作为鉴别ＨＲＶ感染肝病中癌前病变与早期癌及高分化癌的一种辅助手段。     

MMP-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达在原发性 肝细胞癌组织中的意义

 目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）mRNA和MMP-2蛋白的表达,及其与临床病理参数之间的关系。方法 应用RT-PCR技术、免疫组织化学Maxvison^TM法,分别检测47例HCC组织及其癌旁组织、20例正常肝组织中MMP-2 mRNA和MMP-2蛋白的表达情况。结果（1）MMP-2 mRNA和MMP-2蛋白在肝癌中的表达分别为70.2%（33/47）和63.8％（30/47）,均高于癌旁组织12.7％（6/47）和正常组织10％（2/20）, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01), 癌旁组织和正常组织中MMP-2的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MMP-2mRNA和MMP2蛋白在肝癌中表达的两种检测方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);（2）癌组织中MMP-2的表达在TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期组中的阳性表达率高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期组(P＜0.05),血管内有肿瘤栓组MMP 2阳性率明显高于无瘤栓组(P＜0.05）,有转移组的阳性率高于无转移组(P＜0.05）。结论 MMP-2的表达与HCC的TNM分期、血管内有无瘤栓和转移密切相关,可作为判断HCC侵袭性的评估指标之一。     

核因子-κB和nm23-H1在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨核因子NF-κB和转移抑制基因nm23-H1在肝细胞癌（HCC）组织的表达情况及与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测41例HCC中NF-κB和nm23-H1的表达情况，以相应癌旁肝组织、肝硬化组织（10例）、肝血管瘤旁正常肝组织（11例）作对照，并分析其与病理特征的关系。结果NF-κB蛋白在41例HCC组织中阳性28例，表达率为68．3％；41例相应癌旁肝组织中有5例表达，阳性率12．2％，10例肝硬变组织中1例表达，11例正常肝组织未见表达，HCC与非癌组织中NF-κB蛋白的表达差异有统计学意义（χ^2=41．1，P〈0．01）；NF-κB的表达与HCC的临床病理特点无显著相关性。nm23-H1蛋白在41例HCC组织中14例为阳性染色，27例为阴性染色。nm23-H1阴性表达与肝被膜浸润和门静脉浸润显著相关（χ^2=4．16，χ^2=4．19，P均〈0．05）。结论NF-κB可能参与了HCC的发生、发展，可望作为基因治疗的靶点。nm23-H1在HCC中的阴性表达与HCC的恶性生物学特征相关，可能表明肿瘤的预后不良。     

Autoantibodies against glucose-regulated protein 78 as serological diagnostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of cancer with a very poor prognosis. Although α-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most effective marker available to detect HCC, the sensitivity and specificity are not optimal. Therefore, there is a need for the development of more sensitive and specific methods that can supplement AFP in the early detection of this cancer. In this study, autoantibody responses to glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay in sera from patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis?(LC) and chronic hepatitis (CH), as well as from normal human individuals. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with tissue array slides was also preformed to analyze protein expression profiles of GRP78 in HCC and control tissues. The prevalence of autoantibodies against GRP78 was 35.5% (27/76) in HCC, which was significantly higher than that in LC, CH and normal human sera (NHS; P<0.01). The average titer of autoantibodies against GRP78 in HCC sera was higher compared to that in LC, CH and NHS(P<0.01). When both autoantibodies against GRP78 and AFP were used simultaneously as diagnostic markers, sensitivity reached 71.4%. Our data indicate that anti-GRP78 autoantibodies may be potential diagnostic markers for HCC, especially in conjunction with AFP.     

肝细胞肝癌中hTERT基因表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系

目的:研究hTERT基因在肝细胞肝癌中的表达,探讨其在肝细胞肝癌发生发展中的作用及意义。方法:应用免疫组化(SP法)和半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)同步检测62例肝细胞肝癌及对应癌旁组织、8例正常肝组织中hTERT蛋白及hTERTmRNA的表达情况,分析hTERT基因的表达与肝细胞肝癌临床病理参数的关系。结果:hTERT蛋白主要定位于肝癌细胞胞质内,偶见核内染色。hTERT蛋白和hTERTmRNA在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率分别为88.71%(55/62)、82.26%(51/62),分别明显高于癌旁肝组织的阳性率9.68%(6/62)、6.45%(4/62),差异具有非常显著性(P<0.01)。hTERT蛋白及其mRNA在8例正常肝组织均未见表达,阳性率为0.00%(0/8)。统计学分析显示,在肝细胞肝癌中hTERT基因的表达与肿瘤分期分级、门静脉有无癌栓、血清中甲胎蛋白表达水平、是否合并HBV感染等有关(P<0.05),与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小等因素无关。结论:hTERT基因可能在肝细胞肝癌的发生发展中起着重要作用,其表达有望成为肝细胞肝癌的重要分子生物学指标。     

应用原位PCR法检测肝癌组织中的HBV DNA

目的 探讨乙型肝为病毒（ＨＢＶ）与肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）的关系。方法 采用直接原位聚合酶链反应（ｉｎｓｉｔｕＰＣＲ，ＩＳＰＣＲ）对６４例福尔马林固定石蜡包埋的ＨＣＣ组织（其中６１例附癌周组织）切片中的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ进行检测，与并传统的免疫组织化学原位杂交和组织抽提酸ＰＣＲ法进行了比较。结果 ＩＳＰＣＲ对石蜡包埋的ＨＣＣ组织中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检测高度敏感，检出率为７１．９％（４６／６４），而相应组织应用免疫组