医科类院校与非医科类院校大学生自测健康状况比较分析

[目的]了解医科类院校与非医科类院校大学生的自测健康状况及两者之间的差异,为有针对性开展大学生健康教育和健康管理提供参考依据。[方法]采用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS V1.0)对选取的两所院校的1600名在校大学生进行抽样调查,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。[结果]两所高校大学生SRHMS总量表终得分为(71.82±10.32)分,其中自测生理健康状况较好(80.09±10.34)分,自测心理健康和社会健康状况较差(均低于70分)。医科类院校与非医科类院校的SRHMS总分、生理健康子量表得分、心理健康子量表得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05),均为医科类院校优于非医科类院校。[结论]两类院校总体自测健康状况较好,但心理健康与社会健康的终得分均较低,应将大学生的心理和社会健康作为今后关注的重点;医科类院校学生的自测健康状况明显优于非医科类院校学生,尤其在心理健康方面,应进一步加强大学生专题健康教育,完善大学生健康管理机制。     

贵阳市大学生自测健康状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵州省贵阳市大学生自测健康状况,分析其影响因素,为有针对性改善健康状况提供参考依据.方法 采用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS V1.0)及自制的大学生自测健康状况影响因素调查表对2126名在校本科大学生进行抽样调查,采用多重线性回归分析自测健康的影响因素.结果 贵阳市大学生SRHMS总分平均为(73.37±9.50)分,生理健康子量表得分最高(80.52 ±9.41)分,心理健康子量表得分最低(65.23±14.05)分;不同性别大学生SRHMS总分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),男生生理健康、心理健康子量表得分均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多重线性回归分析显示,经常担忧自身健康(β′=0.205)、不关注或很少关注自身健康(β′=0.167)、与家庭成员相处不甚融洽(β′=0.130)、不经常体育锻炼(β′=0.127)、与同学关系不和(β′=0.102)、父母不和(β′=0.099)、家庭经济状况不良(β′=0.092)、与教师关系紧张(β′=0.091)、有学习压力(β′=0.052)以及自己负担有债务(β′=0.044)是影响大学生自测健康状况的重要因素.结论 大学生健康状况值得关注,应针对影响因素采取综合措施来改善大学生的身心健康.     

临床医护人员心理健康状况调查分析及干预

目的：了解医护人员心理健康状况。方法：采用随机整群抽样方法,对270名医护人员应用自测健康评定量表进行调查。结果：临床医护人员自测健康总分终得分,自测生理、心理、社会健康3个子量表终得分,健康总体自测以及各维度终得分均在（64.63±14.11）分~（97.24±6.95）分之间,其中自测生理健康子量表的终得分较高,为（82.02±8.77）分。男性医护人员的自测健康得分[（70.17±13.65）~（97.26±8.14）]均高于女性医护人员[（63.59±13.98）~（97.24±6.72）],并且大多数差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。医生组在总分、健康总体自测、自测心理健康子量表分以及身体与症状器官功能、心理症状与负向情绪、认知功能、角色活动与社会适应四个维度分上高于护士组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：医护人员的总体自测健康状况尚好,在心理健康状况方面不容乐观,男性医护人员自测健康特别是心理健康明显优于女性医护人员,医生要优于护士。     

宁夏城市职业人群健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解宁夏回族自治区城市不同人群健康状况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,按照公务员、科研人员、企事业管理人员、教师、医生、体力劳动者6类职业人群随机抽取若干单位,对18~60岁职业人群进行健康状况问卷调查并进行评估。结果调查对象自测健康评定量表总分为(69.86±11.74)分,生理健康、心理健康、社会健康子量表得分分别为(74.14±12.45)、(64.15±15.65)和(70.74±14.48)分;50~60岁生理健康评定量表得分最低,18岁~年龄组心理和社会健康量表得分较低;6类职业中,企事业管理人员量表总分最高,为(72.52±11.39)分,体力劳动者最低,为(63.70±10.55)分,6类人群比较差异有统计学意义(F=268.14,P<0.05);受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、婚姻状况、职业是自测健康状况的影响因素。结论不同年龄、不同职业人群的自测健康状况差异较大。     

西部某医学院校大学生自测健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解西部某医学院校大学生自测健康状况及其影响因素,为改善医学生的健康状况提供参考依据.方法 分层整群抽取西部某医学院校一～四年级在校本科生1 547名,采用自测健康评定量表( SRHMS V1.0)进行问卷调查.结果 医学生的SRHMS总平均分为(73.48±9.50)分,生理健康子量表得分最高,心理健康子量表得分最低.不同性别大学生SRHMS总分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),男生生理健康子量表得分高于女生,而社会健康子量表得分低于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).多重线性回归分析显示,经常担忧自身健康、不关注或很少关注自身健康、不经常进行体育锻炼以及有学习压力是影响医学生自测健康状况的重要因素.结论 医学生心理健康状况值得关注,应针对影响因素采取综合措施来改善医学生的身心健康.     

海南省大学生自我健康评估状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解海南大学生自我健康评估状况及其影响因素,为促进高校体育与健康教育及大学生健康自我管理提供参考依据。方法采用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS 1.0)对在校学生进行调查,并对其城乡差异、每周健身次数、睡眠时间等影响因素进行分析。结果海南大学生生理、心理、社会健康子量表及其维度终得分和总分在(57.0±18.8)～(92.6±15.5)分之间,其中生理健康子量表的终得分最高,为(79.9±10.7)分,心理健康子量表的终得分最低为(64.2±14.5)分;城乡差异、每周健身次数、睡眠时间、性别以及年级影响因素与各子量表总分以及自测健康评定总分差异均有统计学意义。结论城乡差异、每周健身次数、睡眠时间、性别、年级是影响海南大学生健康的重要因素。     

基层妇幼保健医务工作者自测健康状况调查

[目的]了解基层妇幼保健医务工作者的自测健康状况,为基层妇幼卫生保健管理提供参考依据.[方法]应用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)对深圳市福田区1家二甲医院和8家社区健康服务中心122名妇幼保健医务工作者与200名一般人群同时进行自测健康调查,所测数据用SPSS10.0进行统计学处理,并对其影响因素进行分析.[结果]基层妇幼保健医务工作者普遍对自我健康状况评价和健康期望评分较低.在身体症状与器官功能、心理症状和负向情绪因素方面,与一般人群相比评分较低,差异有统计学意义;而在角色活动与社会适应、社会资源与社会接触等因素上的自我评分要高于一般人群,差异有统计学意义.[结论]基层妇幼保健医务工作者的自测健康状况较差.医疗机构有必要定期开展医护人员健康教育、建立个体心理健康辅导机制、并通过各种形式的社会互动以增加社会支持.     

西藏大学生自测健康状况调查与常模构建

目的调查西藏大学生自测健康状况并构建自测健康量表(SRHMS V1.0)常模。方法本研究为横断面研究, 采用多阶段分层抽样方法, 于2022年4—6月在西藏自治区全部高等院校(简称高校)(全区共7所)共抽取7 990名在校大学生, 结合人口学信息和SRHMS V1.0编制《西藏大学生自测健康调查问卷》对西藏大学生自测健康进行调查和水平评定。采用描述性统计、t检验、方差分析(方差不齐时用Brown-Forsythe法检验, 多重比较采用LSD检验)、Spearman相关分析构建生理量表(PSH)得分、心理量表(MSH)得分和社会支持量表(SSH)得分、总体健康量表(TSH)得分几大自测量表的均数常模、百分位常模和划界常模。结果西藏大学生自测健康评定总得分为(72.18±12.35)分。不同性别方面, 男生PSH、MSH、SSH和TSH得分分别为(73.85±13.78)、(65.80±14.73)、(69.85±16.00)、(73.44±12.77)分, 女生分别为(71.18±13.36)、(62.81±14.03)、(68.57±14.90)、(70.92±11.94)分, 不同性...     

深圳市某区公共卫生机构工作人员自测健康状况及影响因素分析

[目的]了解深圳市公共卫生机构工作人员自测健康现状及影响因素,为有针对性地改善公共卫生人员健康状况提供参考依据。[方法]应用自测健康评定量表及自制的影响因素调查表在深圳市某区慢性病防治院、疾病预防与控制中心、妇幼保健院3家公共卫生机构随机抽取200名工作人员进行调查。[结果]深圳市公共卫生机构工作人员自测健康总分终得分为(67.85±11.83)分,三个子量表中,生理健康子量表得分最高为(74.09±12.64)分,心理健康子量表得分最低为(62.69±12.10)分。不同学历、职称和经济收入的公共卫生机构工作人员量表得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,学历、职称、经济收入是影响公共卫生机构工作人员自测健康状况的影响因素。[结论]深圳市公共卫生机构工作人员自测健康水平不高,应重点关注人员的职业发展对人员健康水平的影响。     

广西钦州市贫困大学生自测健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解广西钦州市贫困大学生的心理健康状况,为以后针对贫困大学生心理辅导提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对广西钦州521名贫困大学生,使用自测健康评定量表及生活事件量表,通过方差分析、多重线性回归分析探究大学生自测健康的影响因素。结果共调查521人,其中男生136人(26.10%),女生385人(73.90%),自测健康状况平均得分为(68.92±10.16)分。男女学生在日常生活功能方面、正向情绪维度差异有统计学意义(P0.05);角色活动与社会适应维度上,理科生(29.07±5.40)高于文科生(27.88±6.78),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);自测健康评定量表的总分、生理健康子量表年级上差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,年级、恋爱失败破裂、欠债500元以上、家庭成员重病或重伤、家庭成员死亡、本人重病或重伤、工作学习压力大、被人误会错怪诬告议论是影响大学生自测健康状况的重要因素。结论广西钦州地区贫困大学生心理健康状况较差,应重视对贫困生的心理疏导和帮助。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.