高钙摄入和辛伐他汀对大鼠主动脉和骨组织脂、钙代谢的影响

目的探讨大量钙的摄入和促进骨钙沉积的措施是否会加重动脉粥样硬化、血管钙化及辛伐他汀对其影响。方法健康雄性SD大鼠44只,体质量150～200g。随机分为5组:空白对照组（n=8）;VitD3对照组（n=9）;高脂组（n=9）;高脂高钙组（n=9）;辛伐他汀组（n=9）,比较各组动物血脂、血钙,血管钙、骨钙含量水平和进行主动脉病理学检测。结果高脂高钙组与高脂组相比,血管钙和骨钙含量均显著升高（P<0.05）。辛伐他汀组与高脂高钙组相比,血管钙显著降低（P<0.01）,骨钙显著升高（P<0.01）。VonKossa特殊钙染色法也在血管病理学上得出了相同结果。结论大剂量VitD3灌胃并高脂饲料的基础上,采用高钙摄入能加重动脉粥样硬化和骨组织的钙化。辛伐他汀在改善骨钙化的同时,能起到减轻血管钙化的作用。     

动脉粥样硬化大鼠Chemerin与炎症的相关性

目的 探讨动脉粥样硬化大鼠血浆Chemerin及主动脉Chemerin基因和Chemerin受体基因表达与炎症的相关性。方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠82只，分为对照组、辛伐他汀治疗组及高脂组，喂养14周处死，行心脏采血、分离胸主动脉及腹主动脉备HE染色及RT-PCR，ELISA法检测三组大鼠血浆Chemerin、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-β水平，半定量RT-PCR技术检测三组大鼠主动脉Chemerin及Chemerin受体mRNA 水平。结果 高脂组大鼠动脉粥样硬化形成良好。三组大鼠间血浆Chemerin、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-β水平差异具有统计学意义，呈高脂组>辛伐他汀治疗组>对照组（P<0.05）；对照组、高脂组及辛伐他汀治疗组大鼠血浆Chemerin均与hs-CRP呈正相关，r值分别为0.664、0.804和0.709（P<0.05）；三组大鼠间主动脉Chemerin mRNA及Chemerin受体mRNA表达水平差异具有统计学意义，呈高脂组>辛伐他汀治疗组>对照组（P<0.05）；高脂组、辛伐他汀治疗组Chemerin mRNA及Chemerin受体mRNA表达水平与hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-β呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 动脉粥样硬化大鼠血浆Chemerin水平、主动脉Chemerin及Chemerin受体mRNA表达水平与炎症密切相关，这提示Chemerin-Chemerin受体通路在联系炎症与动脉粥样硬化之间发挥重要的作用。     

血管生成素样蛋白2促进ApoE－/－小鼠动脉粥样硬化内膜钙化

目的探讨血管生成素样蛋白2(Angptl2)对ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化内膜钙化的影响。方法 12只6周龄雄性ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为对照组与干预组,每组6只,对照组小鼠予以高脂饮食,干预组小鼠在高脂饮食的基础上在第8周予以静脉注射人重组Angptl2蛋白,每周一次,持续1个月。两组小鼠高脂饮食喂养至16周龄时处死,测定血清脂质水平,HE染色观察主动脉组织形态学变化;von Kossa染色观察主动脉钙化,测定血管钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活性判断血管钙化程度;分别用免疫组织化学法、Western Blot、实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测血管Runx2(核心结合因子α1)蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果干预组小鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);血管壁Runx2表达水平较对照组显著升高(P0.05);对照组小鼠主动脉可见粥样硬化斑块,von Kossa染色斑块内未见明显黑色钙盐沉积,而干预组小鼠主动脉HE染色可见内膜较对照组显著增厚,有典型的动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,且von Kossa染色斑块灶状黑色钙化团块较对照组显著增强;干预组小鼠主动脉血管壁钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 Angptl2会使高脂饮食ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉血清TG、TC、LDLC水平及Runx2的表达水平增高,同时增加小鼠主动脉中钙含量及血清中碱性磷酸酶活性,促进小鼠主动脉粥样硬化内膜的钙化。Angptl2可促进动脉粥样硬化内膜的钙化,控制和降低血浆中Angptl2的水平似乎可以抑制动脉粥样硬化的钙化,从而为临床预防冠心病的发生发展及治疗提供了一种新的靶标。     

MMP-2表达与大鼠动脉粥样硬化和血管钙化的关系及辛伐他汀对此的影响

目的：显示基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)随动脉粥样硬化和血管钙化病理变化过程的量效变化，并探讨辛伐他汀对此的影响。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠44只，体质量150～200g。随机分为5组：①基础组(n=8)：标准饲料；②VitD3对照组(n=9)：标准饲料；③高脂组(n=9)：高脂饲料；④高脂高钙组(n=9)：高脂高钙饲料；⑤辛伐他汀组(n=9)：高脂高钙饲料，同时辛伐他汀每天10mg／kg干预。运用免疫组化技术，     

慢性肾衰竭大鼠主动脉弹性功能与血管基质金属蛋白酶2表达及钙化间的关系

目的　探讨主动脉基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）在慢性肾衰竭大鼠主动脉弹性功能变化中的作用及机制。方法　将20只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、慢性肾衰竭组、慢性肾衰竭血管钙化组。8周造模成功后测量大鼠主动脉脉搏波传导速度（PWV）,分别用逆转录-聚合酶链反应和免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠主动脉核心结合因子α1（Cbfα1）及MMP-2　mRNA和蛋白的表达。EVG染色方法检测主动脉弹性纤维的改变。结果　慢性肾衰竭血管钙化组PWV值和主动脉Cbfα1、MMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表达均高于慢性肾衰竭组及正常对照组（P<0.05）,PWV与主动脉MMP-2表达呈正相关（r＝0.754,P＝0.02）。结论　慢性肾衰竭大鼠血管弹性功能下降的可能机制之一是血管壁MMP-2表达升高导致弹性蛋白降解,同时后期的血管钙化也参与其中。     

黄酒多酚对LDLR－/－小鼠MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2表达和动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的　观察黄酒是否可以通过黄酒多酚发挥对动脉粥样硬化斑块的抑制作用并探讨其可能机制。方法　40只6周龄雄性低密度脂蛋白受体敲除（LDLR^－/－）小鼠,高脂饲料喂养诱导形成动脉粥样硬化模型,随机分为高脂对照组、瑞舒伐他汀组、黄酒多酚10　mg/（kg·d）组、黄酒多酚30　mg/（kg·d）组和黄酒多酚50　mg/（kg·d）组,每组8只,分别予以无菌水、10　mg/（kg·d）瑞舒伐他汀和10、30、50　mg/（kg·d）黄酒多酚干预。16周后处死小鼠,检测血脂,观察胸腹主动脉粥样硬化情况,Western　blot测定胸主动脉组织内基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）、组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（TIMP-1）及组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2（TIMP-2）的表达,明胶酶谱法测定主动脉弓动脉粥样硬化处MMP-2和MMP-9的活性。结果　与高脂对照组相比,总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）在黄酒多酚组和瑞舒伐他汀组明显下降（P<0.01）,甘油三酯（TG）在瑞舒伐他汀组明显下降（P<0.01）,在黄酒多酚组差异不明显（P>0.05）,在黄酒多酚组与瑞舒伐他汀组差异明显（P<0.05）;5组间高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC）水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与高脂对照组相比,主动脉粥样硬化面积在瑞舒伐他汀组和黄酒多酚10、30、50　mg/（kg·d）组分别减少74.14%、18.51%、40.09%、38.42%（P<0.01）,不同浓度黄酒多酚组主动脉粥样硬化面积与瑞舒伐他汀组比较差异显著（P<0.01）。黄酒多酚和瑞舒伐他汀均能明显抑制MMP-2、MMP-9的表达和活性（P<0.01）,增强TIMP-1、TIMP-2的表达（P<0.01）。结论　黄酒多酚具有类似瑞舒伐他汀的作用,能够调节血脂,在抑制MMP-2、MMP-9表达和活性的同时增强TIMP-1、TIMP-2的表达,减轻动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,这可能是黄酒对心血管系统的保护机制之一。     

辛伐他汀对NF-κB-DNA结合活性和表达的影响

目的观察辛伐他汀对兔动脉粥样硬化（AS）斑块中核因子-κB（NF-κB）-DNA结合活性及其表达的影响,进一步探讨辛伐他汀抗AS的作用机制。方法将36只雄性新西兰大耳白兔随机分为正常对照组（NC）、高脂对照组（HC）和辛伐他汀组（HC+S）。实验中动态观察血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的变化;实验结束时,用电泳移动迁移技术（EMSA）检测3组兔主动脉组织中NF-κB-DNA结合活性;用免疫组化技术观察各组血管组织中NF-κB的表达;显微镜下测定各组主动脉内膜厚度与斑块面积。结果用药后4、8、12周时,（HC+S）组的TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著低于HC组（P<0.05）,但高于NC组（P<0.05）;（HC+S）组的NF-κB-DNA结合活性及其表达强于NC组（P<0.05）,但弱于HC组（P<0.05）;（HC+S）组的AS斑块面积及血管内膜厚度均大于NC组（P<0.05）,但小于HC组（P<0.05）。结论辛伐他汀可以抑制NF-κB-DNA结合活性及其表达,减轻AS的形成。     

维生素K2对ApoE－/－小鼠动脉粥样硬化内膜钙化和Toll样受体2及4表达的影响

目的探讨维生素K2对Apo E-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化内膜钙化和Toll样受体2(TLR2)及TLR4表达的影响。方法 18只6周龄雄性Apo E-/-小鼠,随机分为模型组、维生素K2干预组及对照组,每组6只。模型组及维生素K2干预组小鼠予高脂饮食,对照组小鼠予普通饮食喂养。维生素K2干预组在高脂饮食基础上同时予维生素K2灌胃,每天1次,共12周。小鼠19周龄时处死,测定血清脂质水平;HE染色观察主动脉组织形态学变化,Von Kossa染色观察主动脉钙化;测定血管钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活性判断血管钙化程度;免疫组织化学法、实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分别检测主动脉TLR2、TLR4蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果模型组小鼠主动脉HE染色可见内膜显著增厚,有典型的动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,Von Kossa染色斑块纤维帽下可见灶状黑色钙化团块,维生素K2干预组小鼠主动脉可见粥样硬化斑块,但Von Kossa染色斑块内未见明显黑色钙盐沉积;定量分析显示,维生素K2干预组小鼠主动脉血管壁钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均明显低于模型组(P0.01);免疫组织化学染色显示TLR2、TLR4主要表达于粥样硬化斑块内,qRT-PCR证实模型组小鼠主动脉TLR2、TLR4表达均显著高于对照组(P0.05),维生素K2干预组小鼠主动脉TLR2、TLR4 mRNA及蛋白水平较模型组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。小鼠主动脉钙含量与TLR2 mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.77,P0.001),与TLR4 mRNA表达亦呈正相关(r=0.79,P0.001)。结论维生素K2可降低高脂饮食Apo E-/-小鼠主动脉中钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活性,减少主动脉血管壁TLR2、TLR4的表达,维生素K2抑制内膜钙化的作用可能与下调TLR2、TLR4的表达有关。     

兔动脉粥样硬化过程中主动脉内膜水含量变化的研究

目的　研究高脂饮食复制兔动脉粥样硬化过程中主动脉内膜水含量的变化。方法　将45只新西兰大白兔随机分为普通饲料组（对照组）、高脂饲料组（高脂组）和高脂饲料加辛伐他汀组（辛伐他汀组）,每组15只。在饲养的第8、16、24周末分别检测对照组、高脂组和辛伐他汀组血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度,HE染色观察主动脉的病理形态学变化并测量内膜厚度变化;将高脂组和辛伐他汀组主动脉弓内膜剥离,用真空冷冻干燥方法检测粥样硬化斑块内膜中水含量的变化。结果　①高脂组血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度均高于对照组和辛伐他汀组（P<0.05）。②对照组主动脉内膜薄而光滑;高脂组动脉内膜明显增厚,光镜下可见大量泡沫细胞和脂质斑块;辛伐他汀组内膜局限性增厚,斑块局限,泡沫细胞数目减少、体积变小。③高脂饮食诱导兔形成动脉粥样硬化过程中,高脂组16周、24周与8周相比粥样硬化斑块内膜中水含量明显减少,24周与16周相比也明显减少（P<0.05）;辛伐他汀组16周、24周斑块内膜中水含量较高脂组相同时间点增多（P<0.05）。结论　兔动脉粥样硬化形成过程中,随时间延长粥样硬化斑块内膜中水含量减少。     

参芍口服液对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂和血管活性物质的影响

目的 观察参芍口服液对实验大鼠动脉粥样硬化形成和血脂及血管活性物质的影响。方法 应用高脂饲料喂饲和腹腔注射维生素D3建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型。雄性SD大鼠60只随机分为6组：普通饲料组、动脉粥样硬化模型组、参芍口服液低、中、高剂量组和辛伐他汀对照组。喂饲12周和给参芍口服液4周后,处死大鼠,光镜观察各组大鼠主动脉病理形态学变化。检测各组实验大鼠血清血脂和血管活性物质浓度。结果 参芍口服液组大鼠随着给药剂量的增加,主动脉病理改变明显减轻。参芍口服液高剂量组和辛伐他汀对照组大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、内皮素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、血栓素B2浓度均比动脉粥样硬化模型组大鼠降低（均P<0.05）,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、一氧化氮合酶浓度均比动脉粥样硬化模型组大鼠升高（均P<0.05）。结论 参芍口服液能够调节实验大鼠血脂和血管活性物质浓度,这可能是参芍口服液防治动脉粥样硬化的机制之一。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。