原发性肝脏恶性黑色素瘤1例并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性肝脏恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗方法和预后.方法 报道1例原发性肝脏恶性黑色素瘤,对其进行光镜观察、免疫组织化学染色,并复习相关文献,探讨该病的临床病理学特点.结果 肿瘤位于肝脏右叶,浸润性生长.组织学上可见肿瘤细胞呈结节状或巢状分布,并见少量黑色素沉积,细胞呈圆形、卵圆形、多角形或梭形,细胞界清,胞质丰富,核大深染,可见1～2个大的核仁.免疫表型:肿瘤细胞HMB45、S-100、vimentin、Melan-A呈强阳性表达,Ki-67增殖指数35%,肿瘤细胞不表达CKpan、EMA、CEA、低分子量CK、高分子量CK、CK7、CK8、CK19、CD34、AFP、CD45、ALK、CD117、Dog-1、actin、α-SMA、h-caldesmon、CD68、CD163、Syn、CgA.病理诊断:原发性肝脏恶性黑色素瘤.结论 原发性肝脏恶性黑色素瘤是一种罕见的高度恶性肿瘤,临床与病理均要与转移性肝脏恶性黑色素瘤、肝脏低分化癌、转移癌、淋巴瘤等相鉴别,预后不良.     

鼻腔恶性黑色素瘤的光镜、电镜及免疫组化研究

目的 探讨鼻腔恶性黑色素瘤的临床病理、免疫组化和超微结构特点.方法 对32例鼻腔黑色素瘤进行临床和病理(HE染色、免疫组织化学染色和电镜)资料观察.结果 临床症状为进行性鼻塞和或鼻衄,6例伴有轻重不等的头痛.12例临床诊断为鼻息肉、鼻窦炎,16例诊断为鼻肿瘤,4例诊断为恶性黑色素瘤.治疗为手术加放、化疗综合手段.生存时间为3-65个月.组织学特征为:黑色素瘤组织结构既有象癌的组织像,又有似肉瘤的组织像,肿瘤细胞大小不一,形态多样,部分病例瘤细胞内外可见粗大的黑色素颗粒.4例电镜检查各种瘤细胞胞浆内均可见数量不等的圆形或椭圆形黑色素小体.免疫组化阳性率分别为HMB4590.6%、S-100100%、Vim71.9%、CK21.1%、EMA8.3%,LCA及Actin不表达.结论 鼻腔性黑色素瘤是一种少见的肿瘤,其生存期短,恶性度高.根据其组织学特点,结合免疫组化染色及电镜下特征,可以作出明确的病理诊断.     

肛管直肠原发性恶性黑色素瘤临床病理分析

目的 探讨肛管直肠原发性恶性黑色素瘤的临床表现、手术方式、病理特征、免疫组化特点及误诊原因.方法 分析13例肛管直肠原发性恶性黑色素瘤的临床及病理资料,所有标本均行HE及免疫组织化学染色,免疫组织化学采用SP法.结果 本组男4例,女9例,平均年龄56.5岁.主要临床症状为排便习惯改变、便血、肛门口脱出肿物、肛门坠胀和肛周疼痛.临床误诊率为100%.肿物距肛缘1～4 cm,肉眼呈结节状、息肉状、菜花状、溃疡型及平坦型,镜下形态多样,以上皮细胞及梭形细胞为主,11例检见黑色素颗粒.结论 肛管直肠原发性恶性黑色素瘤是一种相对少见、恶性度极高的肿瘤,临床误诊率高,病理活检难以准确分型,S-100、HMB-45免疫组织化学染色有助于诊断,且特异性高,特别是对于无色素者.     

应用组化、免疫组化及电镜技术诊断腹水中恶性黑色素瘤细胞

利用腹水涂片诊断色素性恶性黑色素瘤细胞 (恶黑 )不难 ,而对无色素性恶性黑色素瘤细胞则比较困难。笔者采用组织化学Ｆｏｎｔａｎａ染色显示有无黑色素 ,应用柏林蓝铁反应染色鉴别是黑色素还是含铁血黄素 ,另应用ＨＭＢ4 5、Ｓ 10 0蛋白作Ｓ Ｐ免疫组化染色与上皮性癌细胞鉴别诊断 ,应用电镜微观瘤细胞内有无不同发育阶段的黑色素小体。通过以上各种检测以达到诊断和鉴别诊断的目的。1　材料与方法1.1　材料　收集 1例疑诊为恶性黑色素瘤患者的腹水 ,常规离心 ,2 0 0 0ｒ/ｍｉｎ ,取白细胞层涂片 ,95 %乙醇固定 ,分别作ＨＥ、组化及免疫组…     

眼球和颅内恶性黑色素瘤的MRI表现

目的回顾性分析12例恶性黑色素瘤的MRI表现,提高对恶性黑色素瘤的影像学认识。方法选取2006年3月-2008年5月经病理学诊断证实的恶性黑色素瘤12例,其中女性5例,男性7例,年龄42～76岁,平均年龄56．5岁。均行MRI平扫及增强扫描。观察分析恶性黑色素瘤不同类型的MRI表现。结果发生在眼球的黑色素瘤均呈短T1、短T2表现,强化均匀;颅内恶性黑色素瘤的MRI表现具有多样性。结论恶性黑色素瘤除具有典型的黑色素瘤的MRI表现外,由于肿瘤细胞所含黑色素浓度及分布的不同,其MRI表现具有多样性,须鉴别,充分认识其各种表现,有助于提高诊断。     

单克隆抗体对黑色素瘤特异性反应及黑色素细胞亚群的区分

恶性黑色素瘤约占恶性肿瘤的1%,仅次于肺癌,外检诊断常遇困难,与癌、淋巴瘤和肉瘤难以区别。过去常用嗜银染色或多巴氧化酶组化技术,但不理想。近年来有人用抗S-100蛋白单克隆抗体免疫细胞化学诊断黑色素瘤。这种方法敏感,但无特异性。本文介绍一种单克隆抗体HMB-45,在固定包埋组织中对黑色素瘤和交界痣有高度敏感性及绝对特异性。取含有黑色素瘤转移的腋窝淋巴结作抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠,制作单克隆抗体HMB-45。选取18例原发性皮肤黑色素     

食管原发性恶性黑色素瘤5例临床病理学观察

目的 观察食管原发性恶性黑色素瘤(primary malignant melanoma of esophagus,PMME)的影像学、病理组织学和免疫表型特征,探讨其临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗.方法 对5例PMME行HE及免疫组化染色,并结合相关文献对其临床表现、影像学、组织学形态、免疫表型、治疗和预后进行观察分析.结果 5例患者均为老年男性,平均年龄63.4岁,临床均表现为进食不畅,症状呈进行性加重.肿瘤细胞呈巢片状或条索状排列,细胞圆形或多角形,胞质丰富红染,胞质内见黑色素颗粒,细胞核大小不一,核居中或偏位,核仁明显,病理性核分裂象易见.免疫表型:瘤细胞弥漫表达HMB-45、Melan-A、S-100,CK阴性,Ki-67增殖指数40％～ 45％.结论 PMME非常罕见,恶性程度高,预后差.免疫组化染色有助于其诊断,需与低分化癌、食管癌肉瘤、食管淋巴瘤、神经内分泌癌、食管平滑肌瘤等进行鉴别.     

原发性食管胃交界处恶性黑色素瘤1例及文献复习

目的 分析原发性食管恶性黑色素瘤的临床病理学特征。方 法对1例原发性食管胃交界处恶性黑色素瘤进行组织学观察和免疫组化标记，同时复习相关文献。结果原发性食管胃交界处恶性黑色素瘤的组织学改变类似于皮肤发生的恶性黑色素瘤。免疫表型：肿瘤细胞HMB45、S-100蛋白和vimentin阳性，cytokeratin阴性。同时必须排除皮肤、眼等处的原发病灶。结论 原发性食管胃交界处恶性黑色素瘤(无色素性)是一种罕见的肿瘤，应该与一些食管发生的肿瘤相鉴别如低分化癌、肉瘤和转移性恶性黑色素瘤等。本瘤预后极差，术后平均生存时间仅为10个月。     

原发性宫颈恶性黑色素瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨原发性宫颈恶性黑色素瘤的临床病理特征、鉴别诊断及预后。方法对5例宫颈恶性黑色素瘤通过光镜、免疫组化进行观察和分析,并随访。结果5例平均43．4岁,临床表现为不规则阴道出血或排液,妇检示宫颈菜花状或黑色结节状肿物;镜检示肿瘤细胞异型性大,细胞形态多样,表现为痣样细胞、上皮细胞、梭形细胞或混合细胞。免疫表型：HMB45、Melan—A（MART-1）、tyrosinase、S-100蛋白、vimentin均阳性表达。结论原发性宫颈恶性黑色素瘤恶性程度高,预后差。HMB45、Melan—A（MART-1）、S-100蛋白对恶性黑色素瘤有着重要意义,需要注意与癌、癌肉瘤、淋巴瘤或绒癌相鉴别。     

无色素性恶性黑色素瘤23例临床病理分析

由于无色素性恶性黑色素瘤(amelanotic malignant melanoma,AMM)形态变化多样,瘤细胞内无黑色素,确诊需借助免疫组化,HE染色易漏诊或误诊.我们回顾分析23例AMM,旨在提高对该病的诊断与鉴别诊断.     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995