儿童替牙期骨性AngleⅢ类错(牙合)咀嚼肌肌电研究

目的:研究儿童替牙期骨性AngleⅢ类错(牙合)与正常(牙合)的咀嚼肌肌电变化规律.方法:对20例替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错(牙合)儿童及20名正常(牙合)儿童进行咀嚼肌肌电图检查,测量嚼肌深浅层和颞肌前后束在姿势位、牙尖交错咬合位、前伸运动边缘位、后退运动边缘位的肌电活动,所得数据进行统计学分析.结果:骨性安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)姿势位嚼肌与颞肌的肌电活动均大于正常(牙合);牙尖交错咬合位嚼肌、颞肌肌电位均较正常(牙合)小;下颌前伸时颞肌前束肌电显著性高于正常(牙合);下颌后退时,嚼肌显著性高于正常(牙合).结论:替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错(牙合)肌电有其特征性,提示早期矫治替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错(牙合)不仅能解决美观问题,更有利于改善咀嚼肌收缩功能,减少肌功能对颅面形态的不良影响.     

牙齿重度磨耗患者咀嚼肌肌电的实验研究

目的 :研究重度牙齿磨耗 (TW )患者咀嚼肌的肌电活动 ,探讨不同类型牙合磨耗患者咀嚼肌受损的肌电表现。方法 :以 15例中老年重度牙齿磨耗患者为研究对象 ,通过肌电图仪 (EMG)测试下颌姿势位和牙尖交错位最大紧咬时颞肌前束 (TA)、咬肌 (MM )、二腹肌前腹 (DA )的肌电幅值 ;并以 8例正常牙合患者的咀嚼肌肌电幅值作为对照。结果 :姿势位时 ,磨耗Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者TA、MM、DA的平均肌电幅值高于对照组 ,TA、MM的肌电幅值增高显著大于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;ICP最大紧咬时 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者TA、MM、DA平均肌电幅值降低 ,MM、DA肌电幅值与对照组比较有显著性差异 (分别为P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :牙齿磨耗患者有肌紧张存在 ,Ⅲ型磨耗导致的不均匀接触对咬肌的损伤较大     

RW-Splint对安氏Ⅱ类错牙合伴TMD患者咀嚼肌肌电的影响

目的:探讨安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形伴TMD患者经RW-Splint治疗1周和2个月后咀嚼肌肌电活动的改变。方法:采用EMGⅡ型表面肌电测量仪分别对12名患者RW-splint治疗前、治疗后1周及2个月的咀嚼肌肌电活动进行检测。结果:RW-splint治疗1周后患者的颞肌前束、咬肌在下颌姿势位、最大紧咬牙尖交错位时肌电幅值差异均无统计学意义;治疗2个月后最大紧咬牙尖交错位时颞肌前束、咬肌的肌电幅值的肌电幅值均降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且颞肌前束的肌电幅值大于咬肌的肌电幅值,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。但患者下颌姿势位时颞肌前束、咬肌肌电幅值差异均无统计学意义。结论:RW-splint通过戴用时间的加长能降低咀嚼肌的肌电值,但改善其对称性作用不明显,可能与RW-splint改变了患者的牙位而呈现出原本有的早接触或牙合干扰有关。     

儿童替牙期骨性AngleⅢ类错咀嚼肌肌电研究

目的 :研究儿童替牙期骨性AngleⅢ类错与正常的咀嚼肌肌电变化规律。方法 :对 2 0例替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错儿童及 2 0名正常儿童进行咀嚼肌肌电图检查 ,测量嚼肌深浅层和颞肌前后束在姿势位、牙尖交错咬合位、前伸运动边缘位、后退运动边缘位的肌电活动 ,所得数据进行统计学分析。结果 :骨性安氏Ⅲ类错姿势位嚼肌与颞肌的肌电活动均大于正常 ;牙尖交错咬合位嚼肌、颞肌肌电位均较正常小 ;下颌前伸时颞肌前束肌电显著性高于正常 ;下颌后退时 ,嚼肌显著性高于正常。结论 :替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错肌电有其特征性 ,提示早期矫治替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错不仅能解决美观问题 ,更有利于改善咀嚼肌收缩功能 ,减少肌功能对颅面形态的不良影响。     

实验性咬合高点诱发头面部疼痛时的肌电分析研究

目的:探讨咬合高点对咀嚼肌肌电活动的影响。方法:在10名个别正常牙合志愿者的右下第一磨牙上赋予牙尖交错位的咬合高点,赋予前以及赋予后第3天利用表面肌电图记录咬肌、颞肌前后束的肌电活动, 并用可视性疼痛示意尺记录受试者的头面颈部疼痛症状。采用秩和检验统计方法比较咬合高点赋予前后肌电活动的变化以及双侧肌电活动的不对称性变化,并进行疼痛症状和肌电活动变化之间的相关性分析。结果:赋予咬合高点后息止位右侧颞肌前束的肌电幅值和积分值显著增加;大力咬合时咬肌、颞肌前后束的肌电幅值和积分值明显减小,同时双侧颞肌前束的肌电活动不对称性指数显著增大(P<0. 05)。受试者出现了不同程度的口颌面痛症状,右侧颞部的疼痛程度与右侧颞肌前束息止位的肌电幅值以及积分值的增加倍数呈正相关(P=0. 001)。结论:赋予实验性咬合高点后干扰侧息止位颞肌前束的紧张度增加,大力咬合时双侧颞肌前束的肌电活动明显不对称,提示了肌电活动的变化与干扰侧颞部疼痛的发生有一定关系。     

总义齿、覆盖义齿和种植覆盖义齿修复后咀嚼肌功能活动的比较研究

目的　比较总义齿 (CD)、覆盖义齿 (COD)和种植覆盖义齿 (IOD)修复后患者嚼肌和颞肌前后束肌电活动 ;用咀嚼肌的收缩模式和协同方式分析肌电活动的差异。方法　分别选取CD、COD修复后的患者各 14例和IOD修复后的患者 12例 ,记录左右侧嚼肌、颞肌前束、颞肌后束在下颌休息位、大力咬合和咀嚼小枣和杏仁时的肌电图。测量肌电活动的幅值 (A值 )、电位方向转折次数 (T值 )、积分值 (Ar值 )。结果　COD组在咀嚼枣时颞肌前束的A值显著高于IOD组和CD组 ,Ar值显著高于CD组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,颞肌后束的T值显著高于CD组和IOD组 (P <0 .0 5 )。三组患者在休息状态下和咀嚼运动的活动期 ,嚼肌与颞肌Ar值差值的均值均为负值 ;大力咬合时CD组为正值 ,IOD组和COD组均为负值。大力咬合和咀嚼周期活动期差值的绝对值为COD组显著高于IOD组和CD组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CD修复后患者咀嚼肌在不同的咀嚼运动中多采用不固定用力方式 ,咀嚼肌的收缩模式有产生疲劳的趋势 ;IOD修复和COD修复后则具有相对高效的收缩模式。     

咬合重建修复过程中咀嚼肌肌电图的变化

目的：探讨对垂直距离降低的患咬合重建修复过程中，咀嚼肌肌电图的变化。方法：对15例验垂直距离降低的患先用塑料验垫式可局部义齿过渡修复并恢复垂直距离，患适应后再按此高度永久修复。对比分析修复前、过渡修复一个月后以及永久修复一个月后嚼肌、颞肌前束和颞肌后束表面肌电图的变化。结果：①息止位时过渡修复及永久修复后嚼肌、颞肌前束和颞肌后束肌电幅值较术前均有明显减少趋势；②大力咬合位，过渡修复时颞肌后束肌电幅值较术前显减少，嚼肌和颞肌前束肌电无显改变。永久修复后嚼肌和颞肌前柬肌电较过渡修复时和术前有显提高，颢肌后柬肌电值较过渡修复时也显增加；③咀嚼时嚼肌和颞肌前柬肌电值在过渡修复及永久修复后逐步增加，永久修复后增加显。而颞肌后束肌电值无明显改变。结论：对垂直距离降低的病人升高垂直距离并进行咬合重建修复后，能显减少息止位嚼肌、颞肌前束和颞肌后束的紧张度，增强咀嚼肌大力咬合及咀嚼运动时的收缩能力。     

儿童替牙期骨性AngleⅢ类错He咀嚼肌肌电研究

目的：研究儿童替牙期骨性AngleⅢ类错He与正常He的咀嚼肌肌电变化规律。方法：对20例替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错He儿童及20名正常He儿童进行咀嚼肌肌电图检查，测量嚼肌深浅层和颞肌前后束在姿势位，牙尖交错咬合位，前伸运动边缘位，后退运动边缘位的肌电活动，所得数据进行统计学分析。结果：骨性安氏Ⅲ类错He姿势位嚼肌与颞肌的肌电活动均大于正常He;牙尖交错咬合位嚼肌，颞肌肌电位均较正常He小；下颌前伸时颞肌前束肌电显著性高于正常He；下颌后退时，嚼肌显著性高于正常He。结论：替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错He肌电有其特征性，提示早期矫治替牙期AngleⅢ类骨性错He不仅能解决美观问题，更有利于改善咀嚼肌收缩功能，减少肌功能对颅面形态的不良影响。     

正畸与正颌联合治疗成人骨性反(牙合)后咀嚼肌肌电变化

目的:检查对比分析成人骨性反(牙合)正畸与正颌手术联合矫治前后的主要咀嚼肌肌电,揭示正畸与正颌手术联合矫治后咀嚼肌功能的变化规律.方法:20名正畸与正颌手术联合治疗的成人骨性反(牙合)患者,利用肌电图仪测试治疗前后咬肌、颞肌前束、二腹肌前腹在功能活动中肌电变化.结果:正畸与正颌手术联合矫治对咬肌、颞肌前束、二腹肌前腹的功能活动均有不同程度的影响,其中对咬肌的功能影响最明显.结论:正畸与正颌手术联合治疗成人骨性反(牙合),咀嚼肌的异常肌张力多数得到纠正,但咀嚼肌的功能未能得到满意的恢复,咀嚼肌的功能恢复是一个复杂而长期的过程,还需要较长的功能锻炼恢复期.     

下颌前突患者正颌术前后咀嚼肌肌电图的变化及其评价

为揭示下颌前突患者正颌手术前后咀嚼肌肌电活动的特征，作者对２７例患者进行手术前后咀嚼肌肌电图的检测。结果显示：术前肌电电压值偏低，双静息期（ｓｉｌｅｎｔｐｅｒｉｏｄ，ＳＰ）检出率明显高于正常人。术后肌电电压值有以下变化：①正中咬合时嚼肌和颞肌的肌电电压值均明显上升；②前伸边缘运动时嚼肌的肌电电压值明显升高而颞肌的变化较小；③侧方边缘运动中工作侧嚼肌和颞肌的肌电电压明显上升，非工作侧变化不明显；④息止颌位时的肌电电压值下降；⑤术后ＳＰ缩短。提示正颌手术矫治颌骨畸形的可行性和必要性，为此类患者评价治疗效果提供了理论和实践依据。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.