Total drainage of the right lung into the right hepatic vein.

Report of a case oa anomalous venous drainage of the right lung into the right hepatic vein treated by disconnection of the anomalous pulmonary vein and end-to-side anastomosis to the left atrium. Following a review of 25 surgically treated patients with infracardiac drainage of the right lung the different surgical approaches are discussed.     

Confluence of the right adrenal vein with the accessory right hepatic veins

Confluent drainage of the right adrenal vein and large accessory right hepatic veins was encountered during a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. In a review of previous reports of laparoscopic adrenalectomies we found no mention of this finding. However, an anatomic study reported that the right adrenal vein joins with an accessory right hepatic vein in as many as 22% of individuals. A complete understanding of the anatomic variations in the drainage of the right adrenal vein is required for the safe performance of laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. Received: 31 October 1995/Accepted: 6 December 1995     

肝脏右后下静脉的临床解剖学研究

目的 观测肝脏右后下静脉(inferior right hepatic veins,IRHV)的解剖学结构.方法 60具成人尸体肝脏标本,根据肝右后静脉汇入下腔静脉肝后段上、中、下1/3的部位分为上、中、下三组.观察测量IRHV的出现率、数目、口径、肝外行程及其与肝右静脉的关系.结果 IRHV出现率为83.33%,口径为2.62～18.46(14.32±1.21)mm,肝外长度为3.26～47.65(10.78±7.81)mm.IRHV直径与其数量呈负相关.IRHV直径与肝右静脉直径呈负相关,IRHV数量与肝右静脉直径呈正相关.结论 IRHV口径粗大,出现率高,有肝外行程,和肝右静脉呈彼消此长关系.在肝切除术中应注意避免损伤,活体肝移植时应施行IRHV的修复重建.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the anatomy of the inferior right hepatic veins (IRHV).Methods The IRHVs were divided into 3 groups according to the location where they entered into the retrohepatic inferior vena cava at: the upper 1/3, middle or lower 1/3. The incidence, number, caliber, extrahepatic length and the relationship between the major hepatic veins (the right, middle and the left hepatic veins) and the IRHV were observed and measured in 60 adult cadavers. Results The incidence of IRHV was 83.33% with an average diameter of 2.62-18.46(14.32±1.21)mm. Its extrahepatic length was 3.26-47.65 (10.78±7.81)mm. There was a marked negative correlation between the diameter of the IRHV and its number, a marked negative correlation between the diameter of the IRHV and the diameter of the right hepatic vein and a marked positive correlation between the number of the IRHV and the diameter of the right hepatic vein. Conclusions There were high variations in the incidence and anatomy of the IRHV which were related to the diameter of the right hepatic vein. The IRHV was not to be torn during liver resection and should be reconstructed in right liver grafts.     

Preparatory hepatic resection with right hepatic vein reconstruction for paracaval liver tumor

A liver tumor in the paracaval portion was very difficult to resect because of its anatomical situation. We therefore employed a technique using right hepatic vein (RHV) resection and reconstruction following the resection of segments VII/VIII with the paracaval portion. The patient was a 70-year-old man who had a hepatocellular carcinoma in the paracaval portion, and the root of the RHV was compressed by the tumor. Computed tomography (CT) during arterioportography under temporary balloon occlusion of the RHV demonstrated hypoattenuation of the entire posterior segment, meaning that RHV reconstruction following the resection of segments VII/VIII with RHV resection would be necessary. We performed the above-mentioned operation without any trouble. On mobilizing segments VI/V to the caudal direction after dissecting the distal RHV, the paracaval Glissons were easily exposed and dissected anteriorly from the first order of the right Glissonean sheath. Our preliminary surgical technique, based on IVR-CT, could provide a better surgical field and result in decreased operating time and decreased blood loss in paracaval liver malignancy. Received: August 16, 2001 / Accepted: February 8, 2002     

缝扎肝右静脉后肝动脉与门静脉血流改变的实验研究

目的：探讨结扎主肝静脉对肝动脉与门静脉血流动力学的影响。方法：小型猪共12头，剖腹后，电磁血流计测量结扎前后肝动脉、门静脉血流，大网膜静脉置管测量结扎前及结扎后30min、1、3、5、7、14、21、28、56d的自由门静脉压力(FPP)，56d后再次开腹测量肝动脉、门静脉血流。结果：FPP术后均升高，以术后7d内明显，6头超过35cmH2O，且其中3头小猪出现上消化道出血；肝动脉血流速早期增加，56d降至略高于术前水平；门静脉血流速早期减少，未检测到逆向血流，术后56d，门静脉血流速恢复为略低于术前水平。结论：结扎一条主肝静脉不会引起结扎肝叶的萎缩坏死，可能会导致上消化道出血。     

The caudate processus hepatic vein: a boundary hepatic vein between the caudate lobe and the right liver

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to find the boundary vein indicating the intersegmental plane between the caudate lobe and the adjacent liver segments. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Major hepatic veins of the human liver commonly run through the intersegmental plane and are widely used for the landmarks to define the boundary of both sides of liver segments. As the caudate lobe is a small independent unit of the liver separate from the right and left livers, the existence of the boundary hepatic vein to the adjacent liver segments has been expected. METHODS: Fifty-four adult cadaveric livers were minutely dissected to elucidate the correlation between the portal vein branches and the hepatic veins on both the caudate lobe and the adjacent liver segments. RESULTS: Among the hepatic veins of the caudate lobe, the caudate processus hepatic vein entering the inferior vena cava at hepatic hilum runs in the segmental plane between the caudate processus and the right liver. Three types of the caudate processus hepatic vein directly entering the inferior vena cava and 1 type of the exceptional hepatic vein that was the tributary of the right hepatic vein were observed. They drained the blood of the caudate processus and a part of the right liver, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The caudate processus hepatic vein is one of the candidates of the hepatic vein indicating the boundary between the caudate lobe and the adjacent liver segments. New procedures will be developed on the liver surgeries by acquiring the anatomic features of this vein.     

Adrenocortical carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the right hepatic vein

Adrenocortical carcinoma is an unusual neoplasm with very poor prognosis. Patients present with an abdominal mass often exceeding 5 cm or as a functional tumor. Computed tomography is effective to demonstrate the neoplasm as an inhomogeneous adrenal lesion with irregular margins, and magnetic resonance imaging is helpful to visualize invasion into large vessels as well. Reported herein is a case of large adrenocortical carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending into the right hepatic vein.     

Isolated right hepatic vein obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation.

The "piggyback" technique for liver transplantation has gained worldwide acceptance. Still, complications such as outflow obstruction have been observed, usually attributable to technical errors such as small-caliber anastomosis of the suprahepatic vena cava, twisting, or kinking. Iatrogenic Budd-Chiari syndrome after piggyback liver transplantation has been reported as a consequence of obstruction involving the entire anastomosis (usually the 3 hepatic veins). Here we describe technical issues, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of 3 cases in which outflow obstruction affected only the right hepatic vein. In conclusion, all 3 patients developed recurrent ascites requiring angioplasty and/or stent placement across the right hepatic vein to alleviate the symptoms.     

Extrahepatic division of the right hepatic vein in right hepatectomy for blunt liver trauma

During a 5-year period, 10 patients with right-side blunt liver injury received an anatomic liver resection, using the technique of extrahepatic right hepatic vein division before hepatectomy. Five patients required a right posterior sectionectomy and 5 patients needed a right hemihepatectomy. The mean operation time was 146 minutes and median perioperative blood transfusion was 21.5 units (range, 4-94 units, packed red blood cell (PRBC) or whole blood). There was one hospital mortality; the patient died from multiple organs failure on postoperative day 5. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 of 9 surviving patients. Liver-related morbidity occurred in 2 patients who required reoperation for evacuation of subphrenic hematoma. The median hospital stay was 17 days (range, 6-84 days). Application of extrahepatic division of the right hepatic vein during a right hepatectomy for blunt liver trauma has several advantages: compression of a traumatic liver during mobilization; shortening of the ischemia duration; complete mobilization of the liver before parenchymal resection; and prevention of oozing with easier approximation of the raw surface.     

冷冻保存髂静脉用于活体右半肝移植肝中静脉重建

目的总结活体肝移植术中采用冷冻保存的髂静脉进行受者肝中静脉重建的方法和经验。方法 2006年7月-2009年6月,共完成85例活体肝移植,37例为不带肝中静脉的右半肝移植,其中30例采用冷冻保存的髂静脉重建受者肝中静脉。男27例,女3例;年龄10～57岁,中位年龄44岁。病因:肝细胞癌11例,肝硬化10例,肝豆状核变形2例,原发性胆汁性肝硬化2例,胆管细胞癌1例,肝母细胞瘤1例,先天性肝纤维化1例,重症肝炎1例,先天性胆道闭锁1例。尸体髂静脉取出后置于0～4℃混合抗生素生理盐水中,运送至手术室,经修剪后置于盛有RMPI 1640、20%DMSO、10%小牛血清溶液的无菌袋中,—70℃冻存备用。术中采用冷冻保存的髂静脉重建受者肝中静脉。术后定期复查,出院后规律随访3个月,超声及强化CT检查血管通畅性。结果 30例患者共使用30条髂静脉。从血管获取、冷冻保存到融解使用时间3～44 d,平均14 d。术中血管吻合均获得成功,经过冷冻保存的血管质地及弹性适于吻合,未出现撕裂及缝合针孔严重渗血等情况。其中6例重建Ⅴ段肝静脉,3例重建Ⅷ段肝静脉,21例同时重建Ⅴ、Ⅷ段肝静脉。重建血管1周通畅率为93%,2周通畅率为90%,1个月通畅率为90%,3个月通畅率为67%。供者无严重并发症,受者总体预后良好,无小肝综合征发生。结论冷冻髂静脉是一种用于成人活体右半肝移植中肝中静脉重建的理想材料。     

Right inferior phrenic vein indicating the right hepatic vein confluence into the inferior vena cava

BACKGROUND: Limiting backflow bleeding from the hepatic veins is a priority when performing hepatectomy. However, hepatic vein encirclement is difficult, especially in re-resection. We verified the presence and trajectory of the right inferior phrenic vein (RIPV), which could be a useful anatomic landmark to guide surgeons in targeting the extrahepatic right hepatic vein (RHV) before dissection. METHODS: Between May 2001 and January 2005, 100 consecutive patients with liver tumors were enrolled and underwent hepatectomy: 77 patients underwent surgery for tumors located in the right hemiliver. RESULTS: RIPV was detected in all but 1 patient (99%), and its trajectory was always guided toward the extrahepatic RHV. The only patient in whom RIPV was not detected had undergone prior liver resection and interstitial therapies for colorectal cancer liver metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from exceptional conditions, detection of the RIPV is always feasible and allows safe surgical dissection while approaching the extrahepatic RHV before hepatic resection.     

成人间右半肝活体肝移植肝中静脉的处理

目的 总结成人间右半肝活体肝移植肝中静脉的处理经验。方法 回顾性分析两例成人间右半肝活体肝移植肝中静脉的处理方法，1例采取含肝中静脉的右半肝活体肝移植，肝中静脉移植供肝和剩余肝脏各保留一半，既有利于保证供体左肝内叶静脉回流，同时供肝右前叶静脉回流也不受到影响；另1例则采取不含肝中静脉的右半肝活体肝移植，术中重建供肝右前叶肝静脉回流通道，使供肝前叶淤血明显改善。结果 两例供体均存活，术后顺利出院，无并发症；受体1例存活，1例术后20d死于急性重度排斥反应。结论 成人间右半肝活体肝移植肝中静脉的处理十分关键，要注意保持供受体肝流出道的通畅，既要保证供体的绝对安全，又要尽量为受体提供足够的肝容量。