胺碘酮与氯沙坦、培哚普利联合治疗阵发性心房颤动的前瞻、随机开放研究

目的 评价氯沙坦和培哚普利与小剂量胺碘酮联合治疗心功能正常的阵发性心房颤动（房颤）维持窦性心律的长期疗效.方法 将181例阵发性房颤随机分为胺碘酮组（Ⅰ组,n=61）、胺碘酮＋氯沙坦组（Ⅱ组,n=59）,胺碘酮＋培哚普利组（Ⅲ组,n=61）,治疗随访时间为2年,研究的一级终点为房颤复发.比较三个组治疗后的窦性心律维持率以及治疗前、治疗后6、12、18和24个月的左心房内径.结果 治疗12个月后,Ⅰ组左心房内径大于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组（P＜0.05）.治疗7个月后,Ⅰ组窦性心律的维持率明显低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组（P＜0.05）,而Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间差异无统计学意义.试验终点时,Ⅰ组的窦性心律维持率为59.01%,Ⅱ组为83.05%,Ⅲ组为80.33%（P＜0.05）.Ⅲ组刺激性干咳的发生率明显高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,而持续性窦性心动过缓和QT间期≥0.5 s的发生率三组间差异无统计学意义.结论 胺碘酮分别与氯沙坦和培哚普利联合治疗阵发性房颤,维持窦性心律的疗效间差异无统计学意义,但优于单用胺碘酮,并能抑制左心房的扩大.     

胺碘酮联用缬沙坦治疗阵发性房颤46例临床观察

目的观察口服胺碘酮联合应用血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)缬沙坦在阵发性心房颤动复律后维持窦性心律的疗效。方法将91例阵发性房颤患者随机分为胺碘酮组(Ⅰ组,n=45)与胺碘酮加缬沙坦组(Ⅱ组,n=46),疗效观察18个月。结果治疗6个月后窦性心律维持有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗12个月后两组左心房内径有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胺碘酮与缬沙坦联合治疗阵发性房颤,维持窦性心律的疗效优于单用胺碘酮,并能延缓左心房扩大。     

福辛普利联合胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效分析

128例阵发性房颤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用福辛普利联合胺碘酮治疗,对照组单用胺碘酮治疗.随访时间1 a,研究终点为房颤发作,观察两组窦性心律的维持率及治疗前后左心房内经.结果 治疗12个月,治疗组左心房内径显著小于对照组,窦性心律维持率显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.认为福辛普利联合胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效优于单用胺碘酮.     

替米沙坦联合胺碘酮维持阵发性心房颤动患者窦性心律的作用

目的 观察非瓣膜病阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的患者应用替米沙坦在房颤复律后维持窦性心律的疗效. 方法 76例非瓣膜病变阵发性房颤患者,随机分为胺碘酮对照组和替米沙坦+胺碘酮治疗组(联合治疗组),观察治疗后3、6、12个月两组患者左心房内径的变化及评价窦性心律的维持效果. 结果 治疗3、6个月两组左心房内径和窦性心律维持率差异无统计学意义(分别为t=0.04、0.51和t=0.03、1.12,均为P>0.05).治疗1年后,两组窦性心律的维持率分别为48.4%和73.5%,左心房内径分别为(37.26±4.85)mm和(34.38±3.85)mm,联合治疗组窦性心律维持率高于对照组(t=4.33,P<0.05),左房内径小于对照组(t=2.66,P<0.05). 结论 替米沙坦联合胺碘酮对阵发性房颤复律后窦性心律维持优于单用胺碘酮治疗,随着时间延长,维持窦性心律效果越好,可能与替米沙坦抑制肾素血管紧张素系统,降低心脏负荷,抑制心房电及结构重构有关.     

厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性心房颤动疗效观察

将211例非瓣膜病阵发性房颤患者随机为胺碘酮治疗组(A组)105例和厄贝沙坦 胺碘酮治疗组(B组)106例,治疗随访3 a,研究的-级终点为房颤复发.比较两组治疗后的窦性心律维持率以及治疗前、治疗后12、24和36个月的左心房内径.结果治疗12个月后,A组左心房内径为(37.01±1.56)mm,明显大于B组的(35.32±1.62)mm,P<0.05.实验终点时,A组的窦性心律维持率为59.05%,明显低于B组的83.52%(P<0.05).认为厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性房颤在维持窦性心律和抑制左心房扩大方面疗效较好.     

替米沙坦联合胺碘酮治疗冠心病并发阵发性房颤

目的 观察替米沙坦联合胺碘酮治疗冠心病并发阵发性心房颤动(房颤)患者的窦性心律(窦律)维持作用及复发因素.方法 80例冠心病并发阵发性房颤患者随机分为两组,治疗组(替米沙坦十胺碘酮组)40例,对照组(胺碘酮组)40例.治疗12个月,观察两组患者治疗后的窦律维持率和治疗前后的左心房内径(LAD).结果 治疗12个月后,治疗组窦律维持率高于对照组(72.5%、50.0%,P＜0.05),治疗组左心房内径小于对照组,分别为(37.2士4.2)mm和(39.3±3.9)mm(P＜0.05).结论 替米沙坦联合胺碘酮治疗冠心病并发阵发性房颤,能延缓患者左心房的扩大,预防房颤复发.     

胺碘酮逆转阵发性特发性心房纤颤患者左心房重塑的研究

目的 探讨胺碘酮对阵发性特发性心房纤颤（房颤）的复律及逆转左房重塑的作用。方法将150例阵发性特发性房颤患者随机分为胺碘酮组50例、倍他乐克组50例、对照组50例。计算3组治疗后3、6、12个月的窦性心律维持率和治疗前、治疗后3、6、12个月的左心房内径（LAD）、E峰、A峰以及E／A比值。结果胺碘酮组治疗后3、6、12个月较治疗前左室舒张功能明显改善,左房内径明显缩小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。倍他乐克组和对照组治疗后3、6、12个月左室舒张功能和左房内径与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。随访12个月后,胺碘酮组窦性心律的维持率为87．8％,倍他乐克组为58．14％,对照组无1例复律。3组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胺碘酮维持阵发性特芡性房颤窦性心律的疗效和逆转左房重塑优于倍他乐克及对照组。     

厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮对风湿性心脏病人瓣膜置换术后维持窦律的作用

目的 评价厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮联用在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤患者复律后的窦律维持作用.方法 风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后持续性房颤患者116例随机分为胺碘酮组(55例)和厄贝沙坦 胺碘酮组(61例).两组均在治疗2周后行电复律术,转为窦性心律后继续分别服用.试验随访时间为18月.比较治疗后的窦性心律维持率和治疗前及治疗后6、12、18月左心房内径. 结果胺碘酮组左心房内径在治疗12月后显著大于胺碘酮 厄贝沙坦组,P＜0.05.厄贝沙坦 胺碘酮组窦律维持率高于胺碘酮组,在治疗12月时有显著差异. 结论厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤复律后维持窦性心律的疗效优于单用胺碘酮,并能延缓左房扩大,防止房颤复发.     

厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮对风湿性心脏病人瓣膜置换术后维持窦律的作用

目的评价厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮联用在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤患者复律后的窦律维持作用。方法风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后持续性房颤患者116例随机分为胺碘酮组(55例)和厄贝沙坦+胺碘酮组(61例)。两组均在治疗2周后行电复律术,转为窦性心律后继续分别服用。试验随访时间为18月。比较治疗后的窦性心律维持率和治疗前及治疗后6、12、18月左心房内径。结果胺碘酮组左心房内径在治疗12月后显著大于胺碘酮+厄贝沙坦组,P<0.05。厄贝沙坦+胺碘酮组窦律维持率高于胺碘酮组,在治疗12月时有显著差异。结论厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤复律后维持窦性心律的疗效优于单用胺碘酮,并能延缓左房扩大,防止房颤复发。     

观察胺碘酮联合厄贝沙坦对阵发性房颤的疗效

目的对胺碘酮联合厄贝沙坦对阵发性房颤的疗效进行观察和研究。方法将我院2012年1月~2014年2月间接收的阵发性房颤患者作为研究对象,共80例患者,将患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。给予对照组使用胺碘酮进行治疗,给予观察组使用胺碘酮和厄贝沙坦联合进行治疗,两组患者均治疗12个月。观察两组患者的治疗效果及左心房内径缩小情况。结果经过12个月的治疗后,对照组患者的窦性心律维持率明显低于观察组患者,对照组患者左心房内径缩小幅度明显差与观察组患者,比较均有差异,P0.05。结论针对阵发性房颤患者使用胺碘酮和厄贝沙坦进行联合治疗,其效果明显好于仅使用胺碘酮的治疗效果,可以有效的缩小患者的左心房内径,降低房颤的发生概率,值得临床上推广。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.