Splenosis mimicking local recurrence after radical nephrectomy: a report of two cases

Splenosis is autotransplantation of splenic tissue and usually follow traumatic or surgical rupture of the spleen. We report two cases of splenosis which presented as a local recurrence after radical nephrectomy for left renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The patients were a 65- and a 71-year-old male, who had been operated for RCC including splenectomy because of disrupture of the splenic capsule 8 and 9 years earlier respectively. In both cases, follow up computed tomographic scans showed small nodules under the left diaphragm. Although we initially suspected local recurrence, we considered the possibility of splenosis. Both patients underwent technetium-99m Sn colloid scans and were diagnosed with splenosis successfully. Therefore, we could avoid unnecessary surgical explorations.     

Cystic local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in a hemodialysis patient

Although local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is sometimes reported, cystic local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma has rarely been reported. We report the case of a 59‐year‐old man with hemodialysis who developed cystic local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma accompanied by acquired cystic disease of the kidney in the retroperitoneal space after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. A cystic tumor of 5.1 cm in diameter occurred in the left retroperitoneal space 15 months after left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and enlarged to 7.2 cm in diameter with enhanced mass along the wall of the cyst 36 months after surgery. The cystic tumor was removed and showed local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma on pathological examination.     

Long-term followup after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been shown to be less morbid than traditional open radical nephrectomy. The long-term oncological effectiveness of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy remains to be established. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At 3 centers patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy before November 1, 1996 with pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma were identified. A representative group of patients undergoing open radical nephrectomy for clinical T1, T2 lesions was also identified. Staging, operative details and postoperative course were reviewed. Followup consisted of review of clinical, laboratory and radiological records. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed. RESULTS: The study included 64 patients treated with laparoscopic and 69 treated with open radical nephrectomy with respective average ages of 60.6 and 61.3 years at surgery. On preoperative imaging open lesions were larger (6.2 cm., range 2.5 to 15) than laparoscopic radical nephrectomy lesions (4.3 cm., range 2 to 10, p <0.001). Pathology reports revealed no difference in specimen weight (425 and 495 gm., p = 0.146) or average Fuhrman grade (1.88 and 1.78, p = 0.476) between laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy, respectively. Median followup was 54 months (range 0 to 94) for laparoscopic and 69 months (range 8 to 114) for open radical nephrectomy. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank comparison revealed 5-year recurrence-free survival of 92% and 91% for laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy, respectively (p = 0.583). At 5 years cancer specific survival was 98% and 92% (p = 0.124), and nonspecific survival was 81% and 89% (p = 0.260) for laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy confers long-term oncological effectiveness equivalent to traditional open radical nephrectomy.     

Port site and local recurrence of incidental solitary renal plasmacytoma after retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy

Port site and local recurrences are rather rare, especially after laparoscopic excision of renal malignancies. In addition to the known risk factors, including inappropriate surgical technique and specimen removal, the tumor biology is important. Renal plasmacytomas are rare manifestations of plasma cell tumors. We report a case of port site and local tumor recurrence of a solitary renal plasmacytoma after retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy without any known risk factors, other than the aggressive tumor biology itself.     

后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术127例随访

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术的治疗效果及预后. 方法后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术患者127例,随访发生手术并发症患者的预后情况,术后肾功能情况.通过Kaplan-Meier法分析患者1、3年总生存率、无瘤生存率和肿瘤特异生存率,不同病理分期总生存率、无瘤生存率和肿瘤特异生存率,以及不同病理分期生存率之间的差异.使用Karnofsky行为表现量表评估患者术后生活质量. 结果 127例患者随访107例,随访率84.3%.平均随访23(4～51)个月.9例术中术后发生并发症患者预后良好.术后患者1、3年总生存率为95.6%、95.6%,无瘤生存率95.8%、95.8%,肿瘤特异生存率96.8%、96.8%.pT1～T2者3年总生存率,肿瘤特异生存率和无瘤生存率分别为97.1%、98.6%、98.6%;pT3a者分别为90.2%、85.6%、90.2%.pT1～T2与pT3a患者肿瘤特异生存率和无瘤生存率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后患者生活质量评分≥80分者占91.6%(98/107). 结论 后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术安全有效;并发症发生率低、预后好;患者术后生存率较高,其生存率与肿瘤病理分期相关;患者术后有较好的生活质量.     

Outcome of surgical treatment of isolated local recurrence after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Isolated local recurrences after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma occur in 2% to 3% of cases. Today local recurrences can be detected at an early stage due to modern imaging techniques. It remains controversial whether an aggressive surgical approach to this problem can prolong survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 16 patients who were treated surgically at our institution for suspected isolated local renal cell carcinoma recurrence during the last 10 years. All patients had undergone extensive staging and had no evidence of distant metastases with the local recurrence. Surgical exploration confirmed carcinoma recurrence in 13 of the 16 cases and all 13 patients underwent complete resection of the local recurrence. Three patients were found to have had false-positive computerized tomography findings on surgical exploration. RESULTS: Mean time to recurrence was 45.5 months (range 7 to 224). Only 2 patients were symptomatic, while in 11 disease had been detected at routine followup. Mean size of the recurrent tumor was 5.92 cm. (range 2 to 10). All patients survived surgery without major complications. Of the patients 7 died of metastatic disease after a mean survival of 23.1 months (range 4 to 68) following recurrence removal and 6 are alive with a mean survival of 53.0 months (range 18 to 101) (p = 0.09). Time to recurrence after nephrectomy was significantly longer (p <0.05) and size of recurrence significantly smaller (p <0.04) in the patients still alive. In 1 surviving patient evidence of metastatic disease developed 9 months after surgery for recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Careful followup after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma allows the diagnosis of small local recurrences before they become symptomatic in the majority of cases. Although most of these patients will eventually have and die of metastatic disease, an aggressive surgical approach is justified and can result in prolonged survival.     

经腹腔入路腹腔镜根治性肾切除术的体会

目的:探讨经腹腔途径腹腔镜局限性肾癌根治术的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾分析2008年9月至2013年2月采用经腹腔途径行腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗58例局限性肾癌患者的临床资料,其中男39例,女19例,平均(55.0±9.9)岁,左侧35例,右侧23例,肿瘤直径平均(4.6±0.4)cm。结果:57例腹腔镜手术成功,1例中转开放手术。手术时间平均(113.0±21.8)min,术中估计失血量平均(128.0±27.4)ml,术后平均(1.9±0.5)d肛门排气,术后2 d下床活动,无输血及严重并发症发生。术后病理均诊断为肾细胞癌。术后随访12~24个月,无肿瘤复发及穿刺通道转移。结论:经腹腔途径腹腔镜局限性肾癌根治术具有患者创伤小、出血少、康复快的优点,是治疗局限性肾癌安全、有效的术式。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is the standard of care for the management of most renal cancers. The hand-assisted approach has bridged the gap between open nephrectomy and a pure laparoscopic approach. Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy allows tactile feedback, thus shortening the learning curve for some surgeons and allowing more experienced laparoscopists to perform more complex and challenging procedures.     

腹腔镜下肾癌根治术

目的　探讨经腹入路腹腔镜下肾癌根治术的手术方法。方法　 3 8例肾癌患者施行了手术 ,患者采用全侧卧位 ,用 3～ 4个套管针 ,镜下切开侧腹膜显露肾周筋膜前面 ,在肾动静脉根部分别用线结扎及钛夹钳夹后切断 ,低位切断输尿管 ,沿肾筋膜外完整切除肾脏及肿瘤 ,清扫肾门旁、腹主动脉及下腔静脉旁淋巴结 ,小切口取出肾脏。结果　手术时间 75～ 2 5 0min ,平均 110min ;出血 5 0～ 3 0 0ml,均未输血。术后恢复良好 ,疼痛较轻 ,无明显并发症。结论　经腹入路腹腔镜下肾癌根治术 ,术中暴露良好 ,便于肾动静脉处理及淋巴结清扫 ,肾筋膜外切除肾脏完整取出符合肿瘤治疗原则 ,可减少种植转移。