大学生中庸思维在情绪调节和情绪间的作用

目的探讨大学生情绪调节、中庸思维与情绪状态间的关系。方法通过收集369份在校大学生的量表结果,其中包括情绪调节问卷、中庸信念/价值量表、正负情绪检核表。结果①认知重评与正性情绪正相关、与负性情绪负相关,表达抑制与负性情绪正相关(r=0.259～0.159,P>0.05);中庸思维与认知重评有显著正相关,与负性情绪有显著负相关(r=0.312,0.160;P>0.05);②中庸思维在认知重评与情绪之间没有起到显著的调节作用,在表达抑制与负性情绪之间起到了显著的负调节作用(β=-0.114,P>0.05),中庸思维程度较高时表达抑制与负性情绪无显著相关(r=0.107,P>0.05),中庸思维程度较低时表达抑制与负性情绪显著正相关(r=0.225,P>0.01)。结论中庸思维使个体倾向使用认知重评的情绪调节,较高的中庸思维程度不易受到表达抑制的负面影响。     

情绪调节策略对工作家庭关系的影响:情绪的中介作用

目的:本研究探索情绪调节策略对工作家庭关系的影响,及正负性情绪的中介作用.方法:采用自陈式问卷调查的方法,以已婚全职员工作为研究对象,最终获得有效数据239份.结果:认知重评的情绪调节策略与工作家庭双向冲突负相关、与工作家庭双向促进正相关;表达抑制的情绪调节策略与工作家庭双向冲突正相关、与工作家庭双向促进负相关;负性情绪在认知重评与工作家庭双向冲突之间起部分中介作用;正性情绪在认知重评与工作家庭双向促进之间起部分中介作用.结论:认知重评策略能够通过改善个体的情绪,促进工作家庭间的平衡,而表达抑制非但无法帮助个体处理好工作家庭关系,反而会破坏工作家庭间的平衡.     

乐观程度对情绪调节策略选择的影响

目的：本研究考察乐观特质是否会影响不同强度负性情境下情绪调节策略的选择。方法：运用情绪调节选择范式，实验一呈现高低两种强度负性图片，考察乐观、中性和悲观被试选择积极重评和注意转移策略几率的差异；实验二呈现同一低强度负性图片，对比三类被试选择积极重评和分离重评几率的差异。结果：高强度情境下乐观个体选择积极重评和注意转移的几率无显著差异，低强度下个体越乐观，选择积极重评策略的几率越高（实验一）；悲观组选择分离重评显著多于积极重评，乐观与中性组对两者的选择无显著差异（实验二）。结论：面对不同强度的负性情境，乐观者均倾向于选择积极重评策略，且能灵活选择多种认知重评策略来调节负性情绪。     

大学生情绪调节与心理健康的关系

目的 研究大学生情绪调节与心理健康的关系.方法 选用一般健康问卷和情绪调节问卷,对398名大学生进行调查.结果 差异检验表明,在情绪调节策略上,存在非常显著的性别差异,男生更倾向于使用表达抑制策略(t=3.135, P＜0.01);在认知重评策略上无显著性别差异(t=1.259, P＞0.05).相关分析表明:认知重评策略水平越高,自我肯定性越强,负性情感(忧郁、焦虑)越少,心理健康水平越高.结论 情绪调节中的认知重评策略与大学生的心理健康水平有密切联系.     

大学生情绪表达灵活性对正念和情绪调节能力的调节效应

目的:考察情绪表达灵活性对正念和情绪调节策略使用频率的调节效应。方法:选取222名大学生被试,采用正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)、斯坦福情绪调节量表(ERQ)、情绪表达灵活性量表分别测试正念注意觉知水平、情绪调节策略(认知重评和表达抑制)使用频率和情绪表达灵活性水平。结果:情绪表达灵活性得分与正念水平呈正相关(r=0.363,P0.01),与认知重评呈负相关(r=-0.214,P0.01),情绪表达灵活性可以调节正念与认知重评的关系(β=-0.131,P=0.006),对于低情绪表达灵活性组,正念水平可以对认知重评策略使用频率有正向预测作用(β=0.1483,P=0.0049);但对于高情绪表达灵活组,正念水平对认知重评策略使用频率无预测作用(β=0.001,P0.05);情绪表达灵活性在正念水平与表达抑制关系中同样存在调节效应。对于低情绪表达灵活性组,正念水平可以对表达抑制策略使用频率有正向预测作用(β=0.12,P0.01);但对于高情绪表达灵活组,正念水平对表达抑制策略使用频率无预测作用(β=-0.02,P0.05)。结论:对于低情绪表达灵活性个体,可以用提高其正念水平的方法来提高其使用认知重评及表达抑制的情绪调节策略。     

负面身体自我在情绪调节策略与社交焦虑间的中介作用

目的:考察贵州大学生社交焦虑的基本情况以及负面身体自我在情绪调节策略和社交焦虑之间的中介作用。方法:使用分层抽样的方法抽取1804名大学生为研究对象,采用GROSS情绪调节策略量表(EPQ)、负面身体自我量表(NPSS)以及社会交往焦虑量表(SIAS)进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 22.0及AMOS进行数据分析。结果:①有45.7%(802名)大学生存在明显的社交焦虑问题;②情绪调节策略的表达抑制和认知重评策略均与社交焦虑呈显著正相关(r表达抑制-社交焦虑=0.18,r认知重评-社交焦虑=0.08,P0.01),个体的负面身体自我与表达抑制呈显著正相关(r=0.18,P0.01),但与认知重评相关不显著;③结构方程模型检验发现,负面身体自我在表达抑制与社交焦虑中起部分中介作用,直接效应值为0.16,间接效应为0.0735,中介效应量为0.32。结论:负面身体自我在情绪的表达抑制和社交焦虑水平中起中介的作用;可基于个体情绪调节策略以及对自我身体的认识特点出发进行干预以降低学生的社交焦虑水平。     

社会排斥对动态风险决策的影响:习惯性情绪调节策略的调节作用

目的:考察社会排斥对动态风险决策的影响以及习惯性情绪调节策略的调节作用。方法:实验一采用网络掷球任务和仿真气球冒险任务,考察社会排斥对动态风险决策的影响;实验二采用习惯性情绪调节策略问卷筛选惯用认知重评策略和惯用表达抑制策略的被试,进一步考察习惯性情绪调节策略在社会排斥影响动态风险决策中的调节作用。结果:实验一发现,社会排斥组的负性情绪和风险偏好显著高于社会接纳组。实验二发现,惯用认知重评策略组被试因社会排斥引起的负性情绪以及社会排斥对风险决策的影响要显著小于惯用表达抑制策略组。结论:结果表明社会排斥导致风险寻求,且习惯性情绪调节策略可以调节社会排斥对风险偏好的影响。     

情绪调节自我效能感对中学生考试焦虑的影响:情绪调节策略的中介作用（英文）

本研究拟从情绪调节策略角度入手,探讨情绪调节效能感对中学生考试焦虑的影响。研究以年龄15~18岁(M=16.42,SD=1.08)之间的757名中学生为研究对象,采用考试焦虑量表、情绪调节自我效能感量表以及情绪调节策略量表,探讨了情绪调节自我效能感、情绪调节策略(认知重评、表达抑制)与考试焦虑三者之间的关系。研究结果发现,中学生考试焦虑与表达积极情绪自我效能感和管理消极情绪自我效能感之间呈显著负相关,与认知重评策略使用频率之间呈显著负相关;中学生认知重评策略使用频率与表达积极情绪自我效能感和管理消极情绪自我效能感之间呈显著正相关;中学生表达抑制策略使用频率与表达积极情绪自我效能感呈显著负相关,与管理消极情绪自我效能感呈显著正相关;中学生认知重评策略在管理消极情绪自我效能感与考试焦虑之间起部分中介作用。     

情绪抑制和认知重评对BPD患者负性情绪的影响

目的:比较情绪抑制和认知重评两种调节方式对BPD患者负性情绪的影响.方法:以20名BPD患者为被试,采用生理心理实验法测量被试观看电影片段的主观体验变化和生理反应变化.结果:在观看负性情绪片段3期间,认知重评组的负性体验较少、生理唤起较低;在情绪恢复阶段,认知重评组的负性情绪恢复得更快.结论:认知重评能有效调节BPD患者的负性情绪.     

短时正念训练对大学生负性情绪唤醒度的效应

目的:探讨短时正念训练对大学生负性情绪唤醒度的调节作用。方法:选取大学生60人，将其随机分配至正念训练组和对照组，比较基线和10 min干预后两组在多伦多正念量表(TMS)、主观唤醒度及图片唤醒度评分上的差异。在图片唤醒度评定任务中，采用掩蔽技术考察短时正念训练对有意识和无意识负性情绪唤醒度的调节作用。结果:对照组干预后对掩蔽低唤醒图片的唤醒度评分低于基线(P<0.05)。正念训练组干预后的TMS评分高于基线(P<0.01),主观唤醒度评分(P<0.01)及非掩蔽条件下的图片唤醒度评分均低于基线(P<0.05)。结论:短时正念训练能够提高大学生的正念状态、降低有意识的情绪加工，提示短时正念训练可能通过认知重评调节情绪。     

Anterior cingulate cortex volume and emotion regulation: is bigger better?

Emotion dysregulation is a key feature of mood and anxiety disorders. Many of these disorders also involve volumetric reductions in brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Investigating this relationship in healthy individuals may clarify the link between emotion regulation and volumetric reductions in this key brain region. High-resolution anatomical MRI images were used to calculate dACC volumes in 50 healthy female subjects. Trait measures of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and negative affect were also obtained. As predicted, cognitive reappraisal was positively related to dACC volume, but not the volume of a control region, the ventral ACC. Expressive suppression, negative affect, and age were not related to dACC volume. These findings indicate that individual differences in cognitive reappraisal are related to individual differences in dACC volume in healthy participants.     

抑郁性障碍患者的症状表现与认知情绪调节方式的关系

目的:探讨抑郁性障碍患者的症状表现特征及其与认知情绪调节方式之间的关系。方法:采用结构式临床访谈、认知情绪调节问卷对301例抑郁性障碍患者进行调查。结果:①抑郁性障碍患者最常见的躯体症状是心慌(72.43%)、疲劳(70.76%)、胸闷(65.78%)及失眠(64.45%),最常见的情感症状是情绪低落(92.03%)、焦虑(87.04%)、紧张(71.43%)及兴趣减退(62.46%)。②认知情绪调节方式中的积极重新关注和积极重新评价与躯体症状表现数目呈显著负相关(r=-0.233,r=-0.141),沉思和灾难化与躯体症状表现数目呈显著正相关(r=0.224,r=0.207);积极重新关注和积极重新评价与情感症状表现数目呈显著负相关(r=-0.126,r=-0.145),自我责备、沉思和灾难化与情感症状表现数目呈显著正相关(r=0.131,r=0.211,r=0.320)。③躯体症状组患者在接受、沉思、灾难化及责备他人等消极认知策略上的得分显著高于情感症状组患者。结论:抑郁性障碍患者的认知情绪调节方式与症状表现有关。     

大学生认知情绪调节策略对抑郁和焦虑的影响

目的 探讨大学生认知情绪调节策略对抑郁和焦虑影响的总体情况及特点.方法 329名大学生接受了"认知情绪调节策略量表"和SCL-90中的抑郁和焦虑2个分量表的评定.结果 大学生采用较多的认知情绪节策略依次是积极设想、自我负责,反思和积极关注;反思和灾难化对大学生抑郁和焦虑有较强的预测作用,其中在灾难化对抑郁的预测作用上存在显著的性别差异(P＜0.001).结论 大学生认知情绪调节策略对抑郁和焦虑有显著影响,且各有不同特点.本研究为进一步探讨大学生的抑郁和焦虑提供了一定基础.     

Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation.

Effective emotion regulation is widely seen as vital for healthy adaptation. There remains considerable uncertainty, however, as to what constitutes effective emotion regulation. One promising emotion regulation strategy is cognitive reappraisal, which involves reframing emotional events so as to decrease their emotional impact. This strategy is useful because it seems to enable individuals to down-regulate negative feelings without the physiological costs that are associated with other forms of emotion regulation. It remains unknown, however, whether individual differences in the use of reappraisal are associated with experiential and physiological responses to anger-inducing situations. To examine this question, individuals either high or low in reappraisal were made angry in the laboratory while emotion experience and cardiovascular responses were assessed. Results indicated that compared to low reappraisers, high reappraisers had a more adaptive profile of emotion experience and cardiovascular responding. Specifically, across baseline and provocation periods, high reappraisers reported less anger, less negative emotion, and more positive emotion, showed greater cardiac output and ventricular contractility, and lesser total peripheral resistance. These findings suggest that reappraisers are successful at down-regulating negative emotions, even in the context of a potent negative emotion such as anger.     

Augmenting the unified protocol with transcranial direct current stimulation: Effects on emotion regulation and executive dysfunction

The aim of the current study was to compare the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders (UP) with and without transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the treatment of emotion regulation and executive control dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 43 individuals with GAD and co-morbid MDD were randomly assigned to three groups including UP with tDCS (UP+tDCS; n = 15), UP alone (UP; n = 13) or wait-list control (n = 15). Difficulties in emotion regulation, reappraisal, suppression, inhibition and working memory were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Treatment with both UP+tDCS and UP alone resulted in significant improvements in difficulties in emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, and working memory, and significant reductions in suppression and inhibition relative to wait-list controls at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Relative to UP alone, UP+tDCS showed significantly greater improvements in difficulties in emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, inhibition, and working memory at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. These results suggest combination of UP treatment with tDCS may be an efficacious intervention to improve emotion regulation and executive function in GAD with co-morbid MDD. Trial registration reference is IRCT20140929019334N1 (see https://irct.ir/trial/27988 ).     

情绪调控策略与创伤后应激障碍症状关系的性别差异

目的研究情绪调控在预测创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状中的性别差异。方法本研究利用认知情绪调控问卷调查了265名大学生的积极评估与沉思默想两种策略与PTSD症状之间的关系,分析了情绪调控策略与PTSD症状之间的性别差异,并利用相关及多元回归分析了生活应激经历与情绪调控策略对PTSD症状的影响。结果女生比男生会更多地采用积极评估策略来应对应激(t=-1.91,P=0.058),并且积极评估策略与女生的PTSD症状之间存在显著的负相关(回避:r=-0.26,P0.01;记忆闯入:r=-0.19,P0.01;高唤醒:r=-0.19,P0.01)。但积极评估与PTSD症状的关系存在显著的性别差异,积极评估策略的使用与男生的PTSD症状之间存在显著的正相关(记忆闯入:r=0.28,P0.05;高唤醒:r=0.26,P0.05)。沉思默想与PTSD症状之间的关系并不存在男女差异,无论对于男女,沉思默想与PTSD症状之间均存在显著的正相关(r=0.37~0.46,P0.01)。研究还发现,情绪调控比生活应激经历本身更能决定PTSD症状的严重性。结论应激后陷入沉思默想不但会对个体的心理健康带来不良影响,还可能会破坏男性利用积极评估策略应对应激的能力。     

Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences

One of life's great challenges is successfully regulating emotions. Do some emotion regulation strategies have more to recommend them than others? According to Gross's (1998, Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299) process model of emotion regulation, strategies that act early in the emotion‐generative process should have a different profile of consequences than strategies that act later on. This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down‐regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion‐generative process. It consists of changing the way a situation is construed so as to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion‐generative process. It consists of inhibiting the outward signs of inner feelings. Experimental and individual‐difference studies find reappraisal is often more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory. By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding for suppressors and their social partners. This review concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.     

How does cognitive reappraisal affect the response to gains and losses?

To investigate the influence of cognitive reappraisal, one important kind of emotion regulation strategy, on psychological and electrophysiological responses to gains and losses, a monetary gambling task was performed in two conditions, that is, spontaneity and regulation. Event‐related potentials (ERP) and self‐rating emotional experiences to outcome feedback were recorded during the task. Cognitive reappraisal reduced self‐rating emotional experience to both gains and losses and the amplitudes of the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and the P3 of ERPs. According to these results, we suggest that the application of cognitive reappraisal strategy significantly modulated the motivational salience of current outcomes, thus weakening the subjective emotional experience elicited. In addition, cognitive reappraisal might have changed the allocation of cognitive resources during outcome evaluation. This study extends emotion regulation studies by applying monetary outcomes as emotional stimuli, and also implicates the significance of emotion regulation in decision‐making processes.