急性心肌梗死心率变异分析的探讨

为了解急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）后心率变异（ＨＲＶ）的的临床价值。观察５６例ＡＭＩ（Ａ组）的ＨＲＶ,其ＳＤＮＮ,ｍＳＳＤ和ＨＲＶ指数均值明显低于对照组（Ｂ组）（为７５．６４±３４．２比１０５．２６±３９．１４,Ｐ〈０．０１;４０．０２±１８．１２比６８．１０±２１．４０,Ｐ〈０．０１;２８．２６±１２．３６比４２．７１±１６．４５,Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ａ组 组与非猝死组间的ＳＤＮＮ和ｒＭＳＳＤ虽有一定的     

冠心病患者血清免疫球蛋白E水平的动态观察

采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定１３０例冠心病患者血清免疫球蛋白Ｅ（ＩｇＥ）含量。结果显示：急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）组和不稳定心绞痛（ＵＳＡＰ）组显著高于稳定性心绞痛（ＳＡＰ）组和对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＡＭＩ组显著高于ＵＳＡＰ组和对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＳＡＰ组与对照组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＡＭＩ组发病后血清ＩｇＥ水平逐渐升高，至发病后第７天达高峰，以后逐渐下降，至２１天时降至初始水平。心肌梗死后无并发症组血清ＩｇＥ水平较有严重并发症组显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），但二者的动态波动规律一致。     

不稳定性心绞痛、急性心肌梗死病人血清铁蛋白变化的临床意义

目的　研究不稳定性心绞痛（ＵＡＰ）、急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）病人血清铁蛋白（ＳＦ） 的变化。方法　将住院治疗的４９ 例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（ＣＨＤ） 患者分为稳定性心绞痛（ＳＡＰ）、ＵＡＰ、ＡＭＩ组。其中ＳＡＰ９ 例,ＵＡＰ２７ 例,ＡＭＩ１３ 例,对照组３０ 例。ＡＰ和ＡＭＩ发作２４ 小时内的抽取空腹静脉血,分离血清,－ ４５ ℃保存,利用双抗体１２５Ｉ放射免疫法测定ＳＦ。结果　ＡＭＩ组ＳＦ 与对照组比较,ＡＭＩ组ＳＦ 增高,差异呈高度显著性（ Ｐ ＜０－０１）。结论　ＳＦ增高可能是ＣＨＤ的一个危险因素。ＳＦ在ＡＭＩ时增高与心肌损伤有关,用络合剂减少ＳＦ释放的Ｆｅ３＋ 有可能减轻心肌损伤     

应用心率功率谱分析心肌梗塞后心率变异性改变

应用心率功率谱（ＨＲＰＳ）分析２６例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）、１７例陈旧性心肌梗塞（ＯＭＩ）及１９例健康人的心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）改变，探讨心肌梗塞后心脏植物神经活性的变化。结果：ＡＭＩ组与ＯＭＩ组的高频（ＨＦ）及总功率（ＴＰ）面积均明显低于对照组，分别为１２１．９４±１３９．６５，１２４．７９±８７．６７（ｂｐｍ）２／ＨｚＶＳ６４４．６１±５３９．０９（ｂｐｍ）２／Ｈｚ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；８１８．７２±６９９．４２，８９２．３５±５７３．９６（ｂｐｍ）２／ＨｚＶＳ１８６４．５０±１４９９．４０（ｂｐｍ）２／Ｈｚ（Ｐ＜Ｏ．０５）；ＬＦ／ＨＦ比值明显高于对照组（２．０３±１．４９，１．９９±１．３２ＶＳ０．６１±０．２６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＡＭＩ组与ＯＭＩ组相比ＨＲＰＳ所有成分无显著性差异。提示心肌梗塞早期就有迷走神经活性降低，交感神经活性相对占优势，这种改变在一定时间内（平均２．１年）不易恢复。     

冠心病患者循环血中肿瘤坏死因子、内皮素含量的测定及意义

测定３０例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）和２７例心绞痛（ＡＰ）患者循环血中肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、内皮素（ＥＴ）含量，并与正常人对比，以探讨ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ在冠心病发病中的意义。结果表明：ＡＭＩ组及ＡＰ组血ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ水平均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）；ＡＭＩ组血ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ水平亦显著高于ＡＰ组（Ｐ＜００１）；冠心病患者血ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ水平呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．６２，Ｐ＜００１）。提示ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ可能参与冠心病的发病及演变过程，且两者可能起协同作用。     

应用高效液相色谱检测慢性肾炎肾功能不全患者尿纤维蛋白肽A及其临床意义

应用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）检测４２例正常人，２４例肾功能正常之慢性肾炎，１２例慢性肾炎肾功能不全氮质血症期患者及２１例尿毒症期患者尿ＦＰＡ水平，其均值分别为：２５．４０±１０．３０ｎｇ／ｍｇＣｒ、２６．９９±５．７７ｎｇ／ｍｇＣｒ、３８．８１±６．２８ｎｇ／ｍｇＣｒ、７９．７４±１８．７６ｎｇ／ｍｇＣｒ。结果显示：氮质血症期组尿ＦＰＡ水平明高于正常对照及肾功能正常之慢性肾炎组（Ｐ＜０．０１），尿毒症期组尿ＦＰＡ显著高于氮质血症期组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。监测尿ＦＰＡ水平与血浆肌酐浓度显示二者呈正相关性（ｒ＝０．９１２０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。揭示，慢性肾炎肾功能不全患者循环血液处于异常高凝状态，其严重程度与疾病的发生、发展密切相关，监测其尿ＦＰＡ水平能较敏感地反映肾功能状态。     

苯那普利对高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

探讨苯那普利对高血压病（ＥＨ） 患者胰岛素抵抗的影响。测定３２ 例ＥＨ 患者用苯那普利治疗（１０～２０ ｍｇ／ 日,疗程４ 周） 前后及２０ 例正常对照组的空腹血糖（ＦＰＧ） 、空腹胰岛素（ＦＩＮＳ） ,以１／（ＦＰＧ×ＦＩＮＳ）作为胰岛素敏感性指标（ＩＳＩ） 。结果　１－ ＥＨ患者苯那普利治疗后血压较治疗前显著降低（ＳＢＰ：１７ ．８４ ±１ ．５７ ｋＰａ 比２２ ．６３ ±２ ．１３ ｋＰａ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ ;ＤＢＰ：１０．５８ ±１．２１ ｋＰａ 比１４ ．３５ ±１ ．２６ ｋＰａ,Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ,总有效率８４ ．４ ％ 。２－ ＥＨ 组与对照组ＦＰＧ 无明显差异,而ＩＳＩ有显著差异（０ ．０１５ ±０ ．００７ 比０ ．０３１ ±０ ．０１３ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ;ＥＨ组苯那普利治疗后ＩＳＩ较治疗前显著改善（０ ．０２３ ±０ ．０１１ 比０ ．０１５ ±０ ．００７ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。苯那普利在有效降压同时对ＥＨ 患者的胰岛素抵抗有明显改善作用     

冠心病患者血小板膜结合纤维蛋白原的免疫荧光定量研究

为探讨冠心病患者血小板聚集性增强的结构基础和病理机制，我们应用流式细胞术对４１例冠心病患者血小板膜结合纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）和膜糖蛋白（ＧＰ）Ⅱｂ和ＧＰⅢａ进行了免疫荧光定量测定。４１例冠心病患者中，急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）１４例，不稳定性心绞痛（ＵＡ）１２例，稳定性心绞痛（ＳＡ）１５例。结果表明，血小板膜结合Ｆｇ在ＳＡ、ＵＡ及ＡＭＩ之间呈递增趋势，差异均有显著性，且ＡＭＩ和ＵＡ患者该指标均高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＡ患者与正常组间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；各观察组间血小板膜ＧＰⅡｂ和ＧＰⅢａ量差异均无显著性，且与血小板膜结合Ｆｇ量之间无直线相关性。提示：血小板膜结合Ｆｇ量的增加是ＡＭＩ和ＵＡ患者血小板聚集性增高的病理基础，是血小板在急性不稳定性心肌缺血机制中的早期主要变化之一，具有加重冠状动脉病变的作用；血小板膜结合Ｆｇ的增加并非膜ＧＰⅡｂ－ＧＰⅢａ数量改变所致。     

老年心肌缺血者QTc和QTcd变化及临床意义

测定了６４例老年心肌缺血（ＭＩＳ）患者和２１例心肌梗塞（ＭＩ）患者心电图的ＱＴｃ间期和ＱＴｃ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ），并与心血管神经官能症（ＣＶＮ）及正常老年人进行比较；探讨ＱＴｃ、ＱＴｃｄ与致命性室性心律失常（ＦＶＡ）、心原性猝死（ＣＳＤ）的关系；分析ＭＩ不同部位的ＱＴｃｄ变化以及稳定性心绞痛（ＳＡＰ）和不稳定性心绞痛（ＵＳＡＰ）的ＱＴｃｄ差异。结果：老年女性患者ＱＴｃ较男性长（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＱＴｃｄ两者无差异；老年ＭＩＳ患者ＱＴｃ和ＱＴｃｄ较正常组明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＭＩ前壁、下壁和后壁３组ＱＴｃｄ无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＵＳＡＰ患者ＱＴｃｄ较ＳＡＰ长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

老年不稳定型心绞痛患者纤维蛋白,纤维蛋白原及其降解产物？…

目的 探讨凝血系统在老年人不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡ）发生和发展中的作用。方法 采用一组抗纤维蛋白单克隆抗体（ＳＺ－５８、６４、６５）酶免疫分析法测定２６例老年ＵＡ患者、２４例稳定型心绞痛（ＳＡ）患者和２０例健康老年人（对照组）血浆纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）、可溶性纤维蛋白复合物（ＳＦＣ）及血清纤维蛋白降解产物（ＦＤＰ）的浓度。结果 ＵＡ患者民心绞痛发作时血浆Ｆｇ、ＳＦＣ及血清ＦＤＰ浓度（分别为３．７±０．６ｇ     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.