Arthroscopically treated intraarticular osteoid osteoma in the ankle-a report of 3 cases

We present 3 cases of arthroscopically treated intraarticular osteoid osteoma of the ankle. Emphasis is on the high index of suspicion for this lesion, the appropriate imaging modality and the efficacy of arthroscopic excision of these tumors with superficial location in the talus and tibial plafond.     

Incidence of hip Fractures

The incidence of hip fractures in the period 1971 -1976 was calculated. the overall incidence was about 3 per thousand above the age of 50 years and about 20 per thousand above the age of 80 years. hip fractures were twice as prevalent in females as in males and the incidence was found to double for each 5-year increment in age. the percentage of femoral neck fractures decreased with age in females but was constant in males.     

Significance of Endogenic Factors in the Location of Fractures of the Proximal Femur

The significance of endogenic factors in the localization of the fractures of the proximal femur was studied in 373 patients, with 402 fractures. A statistically significant relation was found between muscular disturbances of the affected leg and trochanteric fractures, while the incidence of femoral neck fractures was high in osteoporotic but physically active individuals.     

Incidence and Stability of Trochanteric Femoral Fractures

Sex, age and stability were recorded in 376 cases of trochanteric femoral fractures. In 168 cases the age and sex specific incidence was determined. When comparing our results with those in previous studies from the same region there was no increase that could not be related to age. This is in contrast to other reports from Scandinavia where investigators have found an increase in fracture incidence that could not be explained by the increasing number of old people. We, as others, have found a high proportion of unstable fractures. The unstable fractures did not occur more frequently in the oldest age groups.     

Subcapital Fractures of the Femur: Re-operations with Internal Fixation

Over a period of 5 years, 55 re-operations with internal fixation were performed on 51 patients. The re-operations constituted 9.2 per cent of all operations employing internal fixation for subcapital fractures of the femur during that period. The indications for re-nailing were penetration of die nail through the femoral head, or slipping of the nail, with or without dislocation of the fracture.

Only 26 per cent of the re-nailed fractures healed. Seventy-three per cent showed avascular necrosis and 61 per cent non-union.     

股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的:评价股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法:采用切开复位股骨近端锁定钢板内固定术治疗23例老年人股骨转子间骨折,术后随访4～18个月,平均(12.87±4.52)个月。结果:本组病例的平均手术时间(69.26±15.28)min(50～105min),术中失血量(200.22±53.92)mL(95～280mL),术后平均骨折愈合时间为(113.17±30.47)d(80～180d)。术后1例轻度髋内翻。优良率为95.65%。结论:老年人股骨转子间骨折应用股骨近端锁定钢板早期内固定,效果可靠。术前行ASA评价对制定手术方案和改善疗效可能具有一定的指导作用。     

Vitamin D Metabolism and Osteomalacia in Patients with Fractures of the Proximal Femur

A high frequency of histological osteomalacia (25 per cent) was seen in patients with fractures of the proximal femur. No correlation was found between the levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)₂D) and the bone histomorphometric changes.

The serum 25-OHD levels were normal, which excludes a dietary vitamin D deficiency or a reduced hepatic hydroxylation of the vitamin. The mean serum 1,25-(OH)₂D concentration was significantly reduced in the whole patient group, but surprisingly the levels were normal in those with histological osteomalacia, indicating that an impaired conversion of 25-OHD to 1,25-(OH)₂D was not the primary cause of the bone disease. A reduced sensitivity to 1,25-(OH)₂D might be a possible explanation for the osteomalacia.     

桡骨远端骨折掌背侧入路的疗效比较

目的探讨掌背侧不同手术入路对治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效影响。方法 2006年6月至2009年1月收治桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者62例,男29例,女33例;年龄20～76岁,平均51岁。损伤原因：摔伤38例,高处坠落伤14例,交通事故伤6例,运动伤4例。均为闭合新鲜骨折。按AO分类,B1型6例,B2型28例,B3型5例,C1型9例,C2型11例,C3型3例。随机分为两组,分别经腕掌侧（A组,n=43）及背侧（B组,n=19）入路行切开复位钢板内固定术。16例骨缺损破坏严重,行植骨填充。结果所有患者术后随访6～27个月,平均14个月,骨折均愈合。从骨折愈合时间、术后早期并发症、术后远期并发症、术后第24周腕关节功能恢复等方面比较两组差别。腕关节功能按Gartland-Werley计分法评价,A、B两组术后第24周腕关节功能优良率分别为88.4%和89.5%;放射学评价按Lid-strom评分标准评价,A、B两组桡骨关节面恢复优良率分别为94.1%和90.3%。A、B两组术后并发症比较,术后早期并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后远期并发症差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论掌背侧不同手术入路对治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效有影响,各有优缺点,背侧入路钢板内固定术后远期并发症较多。     

Open Reduction vs Distal Femoral Replacement Arthroplasty for Comminuted Distal Femur Fractures in the Patients 70 Years and Older

Background

The ideal management of distal femur fractures in the elderly is unclear. Acute arthroplasty has the theoretical advantage of earlier mobilization. We examined the outcomes of patients 70 years and older who underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) vs distal femoral replacement (DFR) for comminuted, intra-articular distal femur fractures.

Influence of Smoking in the Clinical Outcomes of Distal Radius Fractures

Introduction  There are various studies that reviewed the effect of cigarette smoking in fracture healing process. Nonunion, delayed union, and residual pain are the significant risk factors associated with smoking and fracture healing. Little has been known about the impact of smoking in distal radius fracture healing. We intend to explore in brief the effect of smoking in distal radius fracture healing and comparing it with nonsmokers having the same fracture fixation and analyze the outcomes with respect to fracture healing and return of function. Materials and Methods  Of the total 186 patients, 92 were included in the study with ( n = male: 31, female: 61) mean age of 60.2 years. They were divided into two groups: smoking ( n = 43) and nonsmoking ( n = 49). All had surgical fixation of the distal radius with volar locking plate and started on early mobilization. The range of motion of the wrist, grip, visual analog scale, quick disabilities of the arm and shoulder and hand score, Mayo wrist score, and bone healing period were noted between these two groups and compared with statistical analysis. Results  The mean follow-up period was 8.7 months. There was a significant association of young age and male patients having distal radius fractures in the smoking group ( p < 0.05). All fractures healed well in both groups without complications. There was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of range of motion, grasp, bone healing period, and functional outcomes. Conclusion  Despite the well-known fact that, smoking has negative implications in the fracture healing process, we found group of patients (smoking and nonsmoking) with distal radius fractures treated by volar locking plates healed well with good radiological union and excellent functional outcome There is no significant influence of smoking in distal radius fracture fixation.     

两种手术方式治疗老年患者股骨颈骨折疗效的比较

目的比较两种手术方式治疗老年患者股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法收集96例确诊为股骨颈骨折老年患者,随机分为人工全髋置换术及人工股骨头置换术,每组各48例,比较两种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期并发症以及随访2年后Harris评分。结果①与人工全髋置换术组患者相比,采用人工股骨头置换术可以缩短手术治疗时间(P<0.05),人工股骨头置换术术中失血量少于人工全髋置换术,但差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);②两种手术方式术后早期并发症发生率均较低,组间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);③人工全髋置换术优良率高于人工股骨头置换术,差异具有统计学意义(89.6%vs.75%,P=0.04)。结论对于老年股骨颈骨折患者,采用人工全髋关节置换术治疗虽然手术时间较长,但Harris评分高于人工股骨头置换术,值得临床推广。     

重建交锁髓内钉联合微创内固定系统治疗股骨多段骨折

目的探讨重建交锁髓内钉联合微创内阎定系统治疗同时涉及股骨上段、下段的股骨干多段骨折的临床疗效。方法自2005年3月至2008年6月，笔者采用重建交锁髓内钉联合微创内固定系统治疗同时涉及股骨上段、下段的股骨干多段骨折7例。股骨上段和骨干骨折采用加长重建交锁髓内钉同定；股骨下段采用微创内固定系统内固定，上段与髓内钉重叠部位使用单皮质螺钉固定。术后随访观察骨折愈合情况及评估髋膝关节功能恢复情况。结果7例病人切口均一期愈合，X线片复查骨折对位、时线良好。术后观察12～48个月，7例骨折全部愈合。按Harris髋关节功能评价，优4例，良2例，可1例，羞无，优良率85．7％。按Insall膝关节评分标准进行评分，优3例，良2例，可1例，差1例，优良率71．4％。结论重建交锁髓内钉联合微创内固定系统治疗涉及同侧股骨上段、下段的股骨干多段骨折，手术操作方便，创伤小，固定可靠，是一种较好的选择。     

动力型外固定架治疗老年桡骨远端粉碎骨折

目的探讨使用动力型外固定架治疗老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法自2004年1月开始选择性地采用动力型外固定架治疗老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折共22例23侧。其中男9例，女13例，年龄51～85岁，平均60．8岁。按AO／ASIF分型，均为C型骨折，其中C1型6侧，C2型8侧，C3型9侧。按受伤机制分：摔伤16例，高处坠落伤6例7侧肢体；开放性骨折5例，皮肤与软组织损伤较轻。受伤到治疗时间为2h～13d，平均4．3d。结果术后随访6420个月，平均12个月。解剖复位15例16侧肢体，功能复位7例；关节功能按Dienst功能评估标准进行评定，优15例16侧肢体，良4例，可2例，差1例，优良率为87．0％。无神经血管损伤、伤口感染及骨髓炎等并发症。结论采用动力型外固定架是治疗老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的一种较好的方法，其操作简单、固定可靠、疗效满意、并发症少。     

Intraosseous Vascularity of the Distal Radius: Anatomy and Clinical Implications in Distal Radius Fractures

This study aimed to describe the intraosseous blood supply of the distal radius and its clinical implications in distal radius fractures. Twelve adult wrists from fresh cadavers (six males, six females, 50–90 years of age, mean 68 years) were injected through the brachial artery with latex. Dissections were performed using magnifying loupes and hands were processed using the Spalteholz technique. The distal radius was supplied by three main vascular systems: epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and diaphyseal. The palmar epiphyseal vessels branched from the radial artery, palmar carpal arch, and anterior branch of the anterior interosseous artery. These vessels entered the bone through the radial styloid process at level of the Lister's tubercle but palmar and sigmoid notch. The dorsal contribution to Lister's tubercle is to the dorsal epiphyseal vessels. The intraosseous point of entry to the dorsal epiphyseal vessels was from the fourth and fifth extensor compartment arteries. In the metaphyseal area, we found numerous periosteal and cortical branches originating deep in the pronator quadratus and the anterior interosseous artery. These branches provided the main supply to the distal radius. Vessels perforated the bone and formed an anastomotic network. In the diaphyseal area, only the nutrient vessel provided intraosseous vascularity in the distal radius. Numerous metaphyseal–epiphyseal branches arise within the pronator quadratus and the anterior interosseous artery and course towards the distal radius. These branches may be fundamental to the healing of the distal radius fractures and make nonunion a rare complication.