北京市1680名社区居民血清同型半胱氨酸与代谢综合征关系的横断面研究

目的 分析血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与代谢综合征(MS)间的关系.方法 1680名北京市社区居民纳入调查.MS依据NCEP-ATP Ⅲ标准定义.以多因素logistic回归分析计算MS发病危险比值比(OR),多元线性回归分析Hcy与各指标间的相关关系.结果 校正性别、年龄后MS组Hcy水平高于非MS组(17.99 μmol/Lvs.17.18 μmol/L,P=0.007),随着MS组分由0个增加至4或5个,Hcy水平逐渐升高为16.71、16.94、17.62、18.20和17.82 μmol/L(线性趋势P=0.044).MS的5个组分中,表现为腹型肥胖、高血压和高甘油三酯血症者,其Hcy水平相应较高.多元logistic回归分析显示,Hcy最高四分位水平(Hcy Ⅳ)与MS发生相关.校正年龄、性别、肌酐、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿酸、吸烟、饮酒、运动等因素后,与Hcy最低四分位水平(Hcy Ⅰ)相比,HcyⅣ的MS发生风险OR=1.379(1.005～1.892).排除性别及年龄因素,偏相关分析显示Hcy与体重指数(BMI)、腰围、血压、LDL-C、甘油三酯、尿酸、肌酐、eGFR呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关.多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、男性、BMI、LDL-C、肌酐、尿酸与Hcy水平呈独立正相关.结论 高Hcy水平是MS发生的相关因素,Hcy与年龄、男性、BMI、LDL-C、肌酐、尿酸独立相关.     

北京市1680名社区居民血清同型半胱氨酸与代谢综合征关系的横断面研究

目的 分析血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与代谢综合征(MS)间的关系.方法 1680名北京市社区居民纳入调查.MS依据NCEP-ATP Ⅲ标准定义.以多因素logistic回归分析计算MS发病危险比值比(OR),多元线性回归分析Hcy与各指标间的相关关系.结果 校正性别、年龄后MS组Hcy水平高于非MS组(17.99 μmol/Lvs.17.18 μmol/L,P=0.007),随着MS组分由0个增加至4或5个,Hcy水平逐渐升高为16.71、16.94、17.62、18.20和17.82 μmol/L(线性趋势P=0.044).MS的5个组分中,表现为腹型肥胖、高血压和高甘油三酯血症者,其Hcy水平相应较高.多元logistic回归分析显示,Hcy最高四分位水平(Hcy Ⅳ)与MS发生相关.校正年龄、性别、肌酐、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿酸、吸烟、饮酒、运动等因素后,与Hcy最低四分位水平(Hcy Ⅰ)相比,HcyⅣ的MS发生风险OR=1.379(1.005～1.892).排除性别及年龄因素,偏相关分析显示Hcy与体重指数(BMI)、腰围、血压、LDL-C、甘油三酯、尿酸、肌酐、eGFR呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关.多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、男性、BMI、LDL-C、肌酐、尿酸与Hcy水平呈独立正相关.结论 高Hcy水平是MS发生的相关因素,Hcy与年龄、男性、BMI、LDL-C、肌酐、尿酸独立相关.     

Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings of a population-based study in Queensland, Australia

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that serum carotenoids are potent antioxidants and may play a protective role in the development of chronic diseases including cancers, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory diseases. The role of these antioxidants in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study examined data from a cross-sectional survey to investigate the association between serum carotenoids and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Study participants were adults aged > or = 25 y (n = 1597) from 6 randomly selected cities and towns in Queensland, Australia. Study examinations conducted between October and December 2000 included fasting plasma glucose, an oral-glucose-tolerance test, and measurement of the serum concentrations of 5 carotenoid compounds. RESULTS: Mean 2-h postload plasma glucose and fasting insulin concentrations decreased significantly with increasing quintiles of the 5 serum carotenoids--alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene. Geometric mean concentrations for all serum carotenoids decreased (all decreases were significant except that of lycopene) with declining glucose tolerance status. Beta-carotene had the greatest decrease, to geometric means of 0.59, 0.50, and 0.42 micromol/L in persons with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose metabolism, and type 2 diabetes, respectively (P < 0.01 for linear trend), after control for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Serum carotenoids are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism. Randomized trials of diets high in carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruit are needed to confirm these results and those from other observational studies. Such evidence would have very important implications for the prevention of diabetes.     

Association between benzodiazepines and recurrent falls: A cross-sectional elderly population-based study

Background  

While the association between benzodiazepines (BZD) and single fall is long-known, the association between BZD and recurrent falls has been few studied.     

Epidemiology of psychological distress: a population-based cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and distribution of psychological distress in an urban adult population. METHODS: A total of 3,942 individuals over 20 years old in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, were studied. Psychological distress was defined using an indicator of well-being, the Faces Scale, and self-perception of nervousness. Chi-square test was performed to assess the association with sociodemographics. RESULTS: Prevalence of psychological distress was 14% when using the Faces Scale and 31.8% through self-perception of nervousness. CONCLUSIONS: Older, poor, and lower education women groups were the ones that showed a higher prevalence of distress.     

Relationship between spiritual well-being and minor psychiatric disorders: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of spiritual well-being in mental health of college students. METHODS: It was interviewed 464 medical and law students of Pelotas, Brazil. Data collection was carried out in groups in the school classroom, 43 absent students were not interviewed and represented a loss of 9.3% of the sample. It was used a self-reported questionnaire with three instruments: 1) Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), 2) SRQ-20, and 3) a precoded questionnaire with questions on sociodemographic data, religious/spiritual practices, and stressful life events. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Most of the students (80%) declared that they had a spiritual belief and/or religious denomination. The mean score of spiritual well-being was 90.4 with scores 45.6 and 45.1 in the existential and religious subscales, respectively. SWBS showed an association with religious practices, but it was not influenced by sociodemographic and cultural variables. Subjects presenting low and moderate spiritual well-being showed a doubled risk of presenting minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) (OR=0.42; 95%CI: 0.22-0.85). Subjects presenting low or moderate existential well-being showed almost five times more MPD (OR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.08-0.45). CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals spiritual well-being as a protection factor for minor psychiatric disorders, and that the results were mostly due to the Existential Well-Being subscale.     

Plasma carotenoids and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in Arkansas

Carotenoids possess antioxidant properties and thus may protect against prostate cancer. Epidemiological studies of dietary carotenoids and this malignancy were inconsistent, partially due to dietary assessment error. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between plasma concentrations of carotenoids and the risk of prostate cancer in a population-based case-control study in Arkansas. Cases (n = 193) were men with prostate cancer diagnosed in 3 major hospitals, and controls (n = 197) were matched to cases by age, race, and county of residence. After adjustment for confounders, plasma levels of lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin were inversely associated with prostate cancer risk. Subjects in the highest quartile of plasma lycopene (513.7 microg/l) had a 55% lower risk of prostate cancer than those in the lowest quartile (140.5 microg/l; P trend = 0.042). No apparent association was observed for plasma alpha-carotene and beta-carotene. Further adjustment for the other 4 carotenoids did not materially alter the risk estimates for plasma lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin but appeared to result in an elevated risk with high levels of plasma alpha-carotene and beta-carotene. The results of all analyses did not vary substantially by age, race, and smoking status. This study added to the emerging evidence that high circulating levels of lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin are associated with a low risk of prostate cancer.     

Longitudinal associations between body mass index and serum carotenoids: the CARDIA study

Cross-sectional studies report an inverse association between BMI and serum carotenoid concentration. The present study examined the prospective association between BMI and the serum concentration of five carotenoids in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Serum carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin/lutein, lycopene), BMI, dietary intake, physical activity and dietary supplement use were measured at years 0 and 7 in 3071 black and white male and female participants, who were either persistent smokers or non-smokers. Among non-smokers, year 0 BMI predicted year 7 serum carotenoid levels: obese subjects (BMI > or =30 kg/m2) had an average concentration of the sum of four carotenoids (alpha-carotene +beta-carotene + zeaxanthin/lutein+beta-cryptoxanthin) that was 22 % lower than the concentration among subjects with a BMI of less than 22 kg/m2. In contrast, the sum of carotenoids among smokers was only 6 % lower. Relationships between BMI and serum lycopene were weak. The change from year 0 to year 7 in serum carotenoids, except for lycopene, was inversely associated with the change in BMI among non-smokers but not among smokers. Parallel findings were observed for BMI and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level. In summary, the observation that BMI predicted the evolution of serum carotenoids during a 7-year follow-up among young non-smoking adults is consistent with the hypothesis that carotenoids are decreased in protecting against oxidative stress generated by adipose tissue, while smokers maintain a minimal level of serum carotenoids independent of adiposity. The results for lycopene were, however, discordant from those of the other carotenoids.     

Association between dietary patterns and serum adiponectin: a cross-sectional study in a Japanese population

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between dietary pattern, adiponectin and insulin resistance. The study population consisted of 612 men and women aged 35–69?years old who had participated in the baseline survey of Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study in Tokushima Prefecture. Diets and lifestyle related variables were assessed by questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the relations between dietary patterns and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin. For further analysis, path analysis was used to test the hypothesised model of association between dietary pattern, serum adiponectin and insulin resistance. The result showed that higher score of bread and dairy pattern was directly associated with increased serum level of adiponectin in women, which was inversely related to homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In conclusion, higher consumption of bread and dairy products, and low intake of rice may be associated with increased serum adiponectin in women.     

Polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid hormone serum concentrations among people living in a highly polluted area: a cross-sectional population-based study

Background

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may interact with several thyroid functions. Severe environmental pollution by PCBs has been observed in Brescia, Italy, due to the presence of a factory that produced these compounds until 1984.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum levels of total PCBs and PCB 153 and thyroid hormone serum levels in adults in a cross-sectional population-based study.

Methods

A total of 527 subjects were enrolled; they were face-to-face interviewed about their history of thyroid disease and provided a blood sample under fasting conditions. The serum levels of free and total triiodothyronine (FT3 and TT3), thyroxine (FT4 and TT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TGA), and lipid-adjusted total PCBs and PCB 153 were determined.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in total PCB and PCB 153 concentrations in subjects with and without thyroid disease. Inverse, weak, statistically significant correlations were found between total PCBs and FT3 (Spearman's r=−0.09) and between total PCBs and PCB 153 and TSH (Spearman's r=−0.16 and −0.12, respectively). However, multiple regression analysis with FT3 and TSH serum levels as dependent variables and total PCBs and PCB 153 serum levels as predictors, including age, gender and BMI, showed a positive, rather than negative, association of PCBs and PCB 153 with FT3 and no association with TSH.

Conclusions

This study does not support the hypothesis that relatively high PCB environmental exposure can determine substantial alterations in thyroid function among adult people.     

Associations between reporting of cancer alarm symptoms and socioeconomic and demographic determinants: a population-based, cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Reporting of symptoms which may signal cancer is the first step in the diagnostic pathway of cancer diseases. Cancer alarm symptoms are common in the general population. Public awareness and knowledge of cancer symptoms are sparse, however, and many people do not seek medical help when having possible cancer symptoms. As social inequality is associated with cancer knowledge, cancer awareness, and information-seeking, our hypothesis is that social inequality may also exist in the general population with respect to reporting of cancer alarm symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between socioeconomic and demographic determinants and reporting of common cancer alarm symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed based on a stratified sample of the Danish general population. A total of 13 777 randomly selected persons aged 20 years and older participated. Our main outcome measures were weighted prevalence estimates of self-reporting one of the following cancer alarm symptoms during the preceding 12 months: a lump in the breast, blood in bowel movements, blood in urine, or coughing for more than six weeks. Logistic regression models were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the associations between each covariate and reporting of cancer alarm symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 2 098 (15.7%) of the participants reported one or more cancer alarm symptoms within the preceding 12 months. Women, subjects out of the workforce, and subjects with a cancer diagnosis had statistically significantly higher odds of reporting one or more cancer alarm symptoms. Subjects with older age and subjects living with a partner had lower odds of reporting one or more cancer alarm symptoms. When analysing the four alarm symptoms of cancer separately most tendencies persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic and demographic determinants are associated with self-reporting of common cancer alarm symptoms.     

砷暴露对脂代谢影响及其机制研究进展

目的 描述安徽省马鞍山市孕早、中期孕妇外周血和脐带血清砷水平,并探讨其与妊娠期高血压疾病的关系。 方法 选取2013年5月 — 2014年9月马鞍山优生优育队列（MABC）纳入的3 474名孕妇作为研究对象,在孕妇孕早期首次产检时收集其一般人口学信息,使用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定孕妇孕早、中期和分娩时脐带血清砷含量,采用logistic回归模型分析孕妇孕早、中期及脐带血清砷水平与妊娠期高血压疾病（HDCP）的关联。 结果 随访的3 247名孕妇中HDCP发生率为5.9 %。孕妇孕早、中期及脐带血清砷水平[P₅₀（P₂₅～P₇₅）]分别为1.74（1.22～2.51）、1.77（1.28～2.54）、1.87（1.27～2.88）μg/L,脐带血中砷的含量显著高于孕早、中期孕妇体内砷的含量（P < 0.001）。logistic回归分析显示,孕早期血清砷高暴露组孕妇发生HDCP的风险是低暴露组的1.63倍（95 % CI = 1.08～2.48）,孕中期和脐带血清砷水平与HDCP发生无统计学关联（P > 0.05）。 结论 脐带血中砷水平高于孕妇孕早、中期;孕早期砷高暴露可增加HDCP的发生风险。     

Uptake for cervical screening by ethnicity and place-of-birth: a population-based cross-sectional study

Previous research indicates low screening uptake among South Asian women. We aimed to generate contemporary evidence of uptake by ethnicity using the screening records of eligible women resident in Manchester (n = 72613). Uptake among South Asians was lower than among other women, a difference explained by area- and practice-level confounding. A higher proportion of South Asians were recorded as 'never screened', an effect only partially explained by confounding. In practices with relatively large South Asian populations, uptake was higher among South Asians. Women born in a diverse range of overseas countries had uptake rates below 60 per cent and approximately a third of women born overseas were recorded as 'never screened'. If comprehensive coverage is to be achieved in inner city areas attention should now focus on the needs of a diverse range of ethnic minority groups other than South Asians. The routine collection of ethnicity data in primary care is also indicated.     

Relationship between plasma carotenoids and prostate cancer

Carotenoids, particularly lycopene, are thought to decrease prostate cancer risk, but the relationship between plasma carotenoid concentrations and risk in various populations has not been well characterized. Comparing 118 non-Hispanic Caucasian men mainly from southeast Texas with nonmetastatic prostate cancer with 52 healthy men from the same area, we conducted a case-control analysis evaluating associations between risk and plasma levels of total carotenoids, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha- and trans-beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, total lycopenes, trans-lycopene, total cis-lycopenes, and cis-lycopene isoforms 1, 2, 3, and 5. Risk for men with high plasma levels of alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein and zeaxanthin was less than half that for those with lower levels. In contrast, we observed no significant associations for total lycopenes, all-trans-lycopene, and cis-lycopene isomer peaks 2, 3, and 5, although high levels of cis-lycopene isomer peak 1 were inversely associated with risk. Analysis of men with aggressive disease (Gleason scores of > or =7, n = 88) vs. less aggressive cases (Gleason scores of <7, n = 30) failed to reveal significant associations between carotenoid levels and the risk of diagnosis with aggressive disease. These findings suggest that, in these men, higher circulating levels of alpha-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and lutein and zeaxanthin may contribute to lower prostate cancer risk but not to disease progression.     

血清硒水平与糖尿病关系的横断面研究

目的探讨血清硒水平与糖尿病的关系。方法采用原子吸收法检测体检人群的血硒水平。结果体检人群中,1 157名非糖尿病患者群的血硒平均水平为98.9μg/L,173名糖尿病患者的血硒水平为97.6μg/L,差异无统计学意义(P=0.578)。logistic回归分析显示,人群中3个较高血硒区间(85.8~95.9μg/L,96.0~107.9μg/L,≥108.0μg/L)相对于最低血硒区间(85.8μg/L)的糖尿病发病优势比,分别为1.00、0.72、0.96,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论研究提示血硒水平为96.0~107.9μg/L时糖尿病的发病率较低,但血清硒水平与糖尿病关系尚需前瞻性队列研究的进一步证实。     

Associations between physical activity and self-rated wellbeing in European adults: A population-based,cross-sectional study

Although self-rated wellbeing is an indicator of health status, it has been receiving little attention; its relationship with physical activity among adults remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and several dimensions of self-rated wellbeing in European adults. This cross-sectional study was based on data from the European Social Survey round 6, 2012, comprising 40,600 European adults (18,418 men, 22,186 women) from 27 countries, with mean age 42.1 ± 13.3. Meeting physical activity guidelines was assessed using World Health Organization criteria. Six dimensions of the self-rated wellbeing were assessed (evaluative wellbeing, emotional wellbeing, functioning, vitality, community wellbeing, supportive wellbeing). Men and women who attained physical activity recommended levels had better evaluative wellbeing (men, p = 0.009; women, p < 0.001), emotional wellbeing (men, p < 0.001; women, p < 0.001), functioning (men, p < 0.001; women, p < 0.001), vitality (men, p < 0.001; women, p < 0.001), supportive relationships (men, p < 0.001; women, p < 0.001), and wellbeing total score (men, p < 0.001; women, p < 0.001). Physical activity frequency was linearly associated with self-rated wellbeing in the 6 dimensions as well as the wellbeing total score (p < 0.001). Attaining recommended physical activity levels is related to better self-rated wellbeing, and more frequent physical activity is linearly associated with better self-rated wellbeing in its 6 dimensions.     

Association between frequency of laughter and oral health among community-dwelling older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Japan

Quality of Life Research - Oral health has been reported to have an impact on the activities of daily life such as chewing, eating, and laughing, while psychological factors such as depression and...     

天津市居民吸烟现况及吸烟者尼古丁依赖状况

目的了解天津市居民吸烟现况及现在吸烟者尼古丁依赖状况,为制定控烟政策及相应干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取天津市城区的成年居民1 993人,对其吸烟情况、尼古丁依赖状况等方面进行调查。结果天津市居民现在吸烟率为26.2%,男性现在吸烟率为46.0%,女性现在吸烟率为5.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=494.02,P<0.01);青年人现在吸烟率(19.0%)低于中年人(39.5%)和老年人(39.0%);文化程度越低吸烟率越高,小学及以下居民的现在吸烟率高达41.0%,大专及以上居民仅为17.7%;现在吸烟者尼古丁依赖评测量表(FTND)平均得分为(3.92±2.72)分,中年吸烟者尼古丁依赖严重,平均得分为(4.41±2.86)分;文化程度低、开始吸烟年龄小、家庭或工作场所对吸烟没有限制、吸烟频率高的吸烟者,尼古丁依赖程度较严重(P<0.01)。结论天津市居民吸烟现况及尼古丁依赖状况不容乐观;采用FTND定量分析现吸烟者的尼古丁依赖程度,有助于进一步采取针对性措施进行健康干预。