Experimental renal failure and iron overload: A histomorphometric study in the alveolar bone of rats

Renal failure is a serious disease of a relatively high incidence, which among other lesions, causes bone alterations. These patients frequently suffer from anemia that is generally treated with iron. Given that iron overload inhibits bone formation, our aim was to evaluate the effect of iron on the interradicular bone of animals with experimental renal failure. Acute renal failure was induced in male rats by 5/6 nephrectomy. The animals were subjected to iron overload in the form of daily intraperitoneal injections of 88 mg/kg body weight of iron-dextran over a period of 16 days. Tetracyclines were injected intraperitoneally 14 days apart to evaluate dynamic parameters of bone. Serum urea and creatinine levels were evaluated immediately before the animals were killed on day 30. Static and dynamic histomorphometric measurements were performed. The data indicate that the iron overload modified the response of the renal failure animals which showed decreased interradicular bone volume and adynamic bone disease, characterized by reduced cell activity. These results should be taken into account when renal failure patients treated with iron must undergo dental treatments that depend on bone forming activity for their success.     

Skeletal alterations in hypophysectomized rats: I. A histomorphometric study on tibial cancellous bone

Background: Hypophysectomy (HX) results in a cessation of bone growth and a decrease in bone metabolism. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of HX on the static and dynamic histomorphometry of cancellous bone in the secondary spongiosa of the proximal tibial metaphysis in rats. Methods: Female rats, at 2 or 3 months of age, were HX and sacrificed at 0, 5 days, 2 and 5 weeks after the surgery. Age-matched intact rats served as controls. Cancellous bone histomorphometry was performed on doublefluorescent labeled, 30-um-thick sections of the proximal tibia. Tartrateresistant acid phosphatase histomorphometry was performed at 5 days on HX and control rats to evaluate the resorption in the metaphyseal bone. Results: Although the intact rats gained in body weight, tibial length, tibial weight, and density after 5 weeks, these changes did not occur following HX. As compared to the basal group, HX resulted in a decrease in the density and dry weight of the metaphysis. The histomorphometric data showed that the cancellous bone volume and trabecular number of the secondary spongiosa were decreased and the separation was increased in the HX rats. The dynamic results showed that HX significantly decreased longitudinal growth rate and tissue-based bone formation and resorption. However, the bone surface-based eroded surface, labeled surface, the mineral apposition rate, and the bone formation rate did not differ between the intact and the HX rats at either the 2 or 5 weeks study. Five days after HX, the bone surface and tissue-based osteoclast surfaces were significantly lower in the HX than in the intact rats. Conclusions: Pituitary hormone deficiency results in cancellous bone loss. The bone loss is due primarily to the suppression of longitudinal growth-dependent bone gain and the inhibition of tissue-based bone turnover with a lower bone formation relative to bone resorption. The surfacebased bone turnover is not affected. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

SD大鼠骨基质明胶吸附骨髓间充质干细胞修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的:探讨大鼠骨基质明胶吸附骨髓间充质干细胞修复骨缺损的可行性。方法:采用第5代(P5)SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),经Hoeschst 33344(sigma)荧光杂料标记后,调配制成的1×106个／ml细胞浓度后与骨基质明胶(BMG)共同培养6 h,然后植入SD大鼠双侧胫骨的实验性骨缺损中(A组),同时作胫骨骨缺损单纯BMG植入(B组),无植入物(C组)两组对照。术后8周处死,取骨缺损区组织进行组织学观察,其中A组行荧光染料标记测定以确认骨缺损区的骨痂是否来源于MSCS。结果:①A组:胫骨骨缺损区可见大量新生不规则骨纤维组织、软骨及纤维骨痂填充,可见骨细胞、骨组织和骨小梁,已形成骨髓腔。②B组:胫骨骨缺损区可见大量纤维组织、少量新生不规则骨纤维组织及骨骼肌组织,伴有多核巨细胞和少量炎性细胞,缺损区边缘带有骨痂组织。③C组:胫骨骨缺损区可见大量纤维组织及骨骼肌组织填充生长,伴有多核巨细胞和少量炎性细胞,缺损区边缘带有少量骨痂组织。荧光染色鉴定确认胫骨骨缺损区的骨痂来源于MSCs。结论:大鼠骨基质明胶吸附骨髓间充质干细胞修复骨缺损具有安全性、可行性及有效性。     

异种松质骨支架体内移植免疫的实验研究

观察异种松质骨支架植入后宿主动态免疫应答,为进一步改进材料和临床应用提供实验依据。采用物理化学方法对异种(猪)松质骨进行处理得到猪松质骨支架,对猪松质骨进行蛋白提取,考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白浓度,用提取的蛋白作抗原包被ELISA条板备用。将异种(猪)松质骨支架植入兔背部近头侧皮下,分别于移植后1周、2周、4周、8周、12周五个时间点作支架周围组织的组织学检查(HE)及外周血清抗体检测(ELISA)。结果:异种(猪)松质骨及松质骨支架的蛋白质浓度分别为(1.242±0.26)mg/ml和(0.024±0.004)mg/ml。异种(猪)松质骨蛋白抗原液经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)电泳分离后可清楚显示十条不同相对分子质量大小的蛋白条带(从15000到180000),异种(猪)松质骨支架蛋白抗原液经SDS-PAGE电泳分离后10000 Mr以上的蛋白条带消失,说明松质骨支架不含有效激发免疫反应的抗原蛋白成分。外周血中特异抗体水平在移植术后1周达最高,与处理前有明显差异(P<0.05),2~4周时逐渐降低,8~12周时维持在较低水平,与移植前无显著差异(P>0.05)。植术后1周,植入物周围组织光学显微镜下可见大量炎症细胞浸润,以淋巴细胞和单核细胞为主,2周以后炎症细胞浸润逐渐减轻,4周时未见明显炎性细胞浸润,术后12周,组织内炎性细胞罕见。异种(猪)松质骨支架不含有效激发免疫反应的抗原蛋白成分,植入后表现为一过性轻度的炎性细胞反应。     

高压蒸气灭菌同种异体骨移植的实验研究

目的：观察高压蒸气灭菌同种异体骨在骨移植中的作用，探索简便、经济的骨移植方法。方法：用家用压力锅，对同种异体鼠骨高压蒸气灭菌３０ｍｉｎ后，将其植入２５只成年大白鼠双侧胫骨（新生鼠骨植入右侧１２例，成年鼠骨植入左侧２５例）前上部一个长１０ｍｍ，深２ｍｍ的缺损中，于术后３、６、９、１２周取材，制片，在普通、荧光光镜和透射电镜下进行观察。结果：发现经高压蒸气灭菌后的同种异体骨有较好的生物相容性，可以引导骨生长。结论：高压蒸气灭菌处理同种异体骨，是一种简便、经济的骨移植方法，易于在农村和基层开展     

A comparative study on the synthesis of dopamine in the human,dog and rat kidney

The present work has examined the ability of human, canine and rat renal tissues to synthesize dopamine from added L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l -DOPA); the deamination of newly-formed dopamine into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was also studied. In some experiments, slices of renal cortex obtained from the human, dog and rat kidneys were used; tissues were incubated with increasing concentrations (5–5000 μM) of l -DOPA. The accumulation of newly-formed dopamine was, in all three species, found to be dependent on the concentration of l -DOPA, being the rat renal tissues endowed with a greater ability to produce dopamine, followed by the human and the dog tissues. In experiments performed in kidney homogenates, the decarboxylation of l -DOPA into dopamine was also found to be dependent, in all three species, on the concentration of l -DOPA used (10–5000 μm). AAAD activity as determined in kidney homogenates was found to be in the rat kidney (V_max = 7.7±0.8 nmol mg^-1 protein h^-1) higher than that occurring in the human (V_max = 5.8±0.6 nmol mg^-1 protein h^-1) and the dog kidney (V_max = 3.9 ± 0.5 nmol mg^-1 protein h^-1). No statistically significant differences were found between the K_m values of the three species (human, 62±8 μM; dog, 54±6 μM; rat, 82±12 μM). A considerable amount of newly-formed dopamine in both kidney slices and homogenates was converted into DOPAC; the DOPAC /dopamine ratios in these experimental conditions were greater in the human kidney, followed by the rat and dog. It is concluded that the decarboxylation of l -DOPA into dopamine is greater in the rat kidney followed by the human and dog, whereas the deamination of the amine into DOPAC appears to be greater in human renal tissues.     

中药龟板对Parkinson病大鼠模型BMP4表达的影响

为研究益肾中药龟板对Parkinson病(PD)模型大鼠骨形成蛋白4(BMP4)表达的影响,本研究将6-羟基多巴胺注入大鼠黑质建立PD大鼠模型,对模型大鼠行高、低剂量龟板水煎液口服治疗45d后,采用ELISA和RT-PCR方法进行血清中BMP4酶联免疫试验和脑黑质、纹状体中BMP4mRNA的检测。结果显示:PD模型组的BMP4表达明显降低,用龟板治疗后可以显著阻碍此趋势,而且高剂量组比低剂量组效果更为明显(P<0.05)。本研究结果提示,龟板有明显的促进BMP4及BMP4mRNA表达的作用。     

A longitudinal, prospective study on emotional adjustment before, during and after consecutive fertility treatment cycles

BACKGROUND: A longitudinal study into the course of the emotional response to IVF from pre-treatment to 6 months post-treatment and factors that contributed to that course. METHODS: A total of 148 IVF patients and 71 partners completed self-report questionnaires on anxiety, depression, personality characteristics, meaning of fertility problems, coping, marital relationship and social support at pre-treatment. Assessments of anxiety and depression were repeated immediately following the final treatment cycle and again 6 months later (follow-up). RESULTS: Women showed an increase of both anxiety and depression after unsuccessful treatment and a decrease after successful treatment. Men showed no change in anxiety and depression either after successful or after unsuccessful treatment. In the 6 months after unsuccessful treatment, women showed no recovery. At follow-up, >20% of the women showed subclinical forms of anxiety and/or depression. Personality characteristics, meaning of the fertility problems, and social support determined the course of the emotional response. CONCLUSIONS: Most women adjusted well to unsuccessful treatment, but at follow-up, a considerable proportion still showed substantial emotional problems. Personality characteristics, pre-treatment meaning of the fertility problems and social support have demonstrated the adjustment to unsuccessful IVF in women. This allows early identification of women at risk as well as tailored interventions.     

The effects of sex steroids on thyroid C cells and trabecular bone structure in the rat model of male osteoporosis

Androgen deficiency is one of the major factors leading to the development of osteoporosis in men. Since calcitonin (CT) is a potent antiresorptive agent, in the present study we investigated the effects of androgen deficiency and subsequent testosterone and estradiol treatment on CT-producing thyroid C cells, skeletal and hormonal changes in middle-aged orchidectomized (Orx) rats. Fifteen-month-old male Wistar rats were either Orx or sham-operated (SO). One group of Orx rats received 5 mg kg⁻¹ b.w. testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneously, while another group was injected with 0.06 mg kg⁻¹ b.w. estradiol dipropionate (EDP) once a day for 3 weeks. A peroxidase–antiperoxidase method was applied for localization of CT in the C cells. The studies included ultrastructural microscopic observation of these cells. The metaphyseal region of the proximal tibia was measured histomorphometrically using an imagej public domain image processing program. TP or EDP treatment significantly increased C cell volume (Vc), volume densities (Vv) and serum CT concentration compared with the Orx animals. Administration of both TP and EDP significantly enhanced cancellous bone area (B.Ar), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular number (Tb.N) and reduced trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Serum osteocalcin (OC) and urinary Ca concentrations were significantly lower after these treatments in comparison with Orx rats. These data suggest that testosterone and estradiol treatment in Orx middle-aged rats affect calcitonin-producing thyroid C cells, which may contribute to the bone protective effects of sex hormones in the rat model of male osteoporosis.     

Quick benefits of interval training versus continuous training on bone: a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry comparative study

To delay age‐related bone loss, physical activity is recommended during growth. However, it is unknown whether interval training is more efficient than continuous training to increase bone mass both quickly and to a greater extent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 10‐week interval training regime with a 14‐week continuous training regime on bone mineral density (BMD). Forty‐four male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were separated into four groups: control for 10 weeks (C10), control for 14 weeks (C14), moderate interval training for 10 weeks (IT) and moderate continuous training for 14 weeks (CT). Rats were exercised 1 h/day, 5 day/week. Body composition and BMD of the whole body and femur respectively were assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at baseline and after training to determine raw gain and weight‐normalized BMD gain. Both trained groups had lower weight and fat mass gain when compared to controls. Both trained groups gained more BMD compared to controls when normalized to body weight. Using a 30% shorter training period, the IT group showed more than 20% higher whole body and femur BMD gains compared to the CT. Our data suggest that moderate IT was able to produce faster bone adaptations than moderate CT.     

钻孔减压结合自体松质骨及同种异体骨植骨治疗股骨头坏死的短期疗效观察

目的 对ARCO Ⅱa期至Ⅲa期股骨头坏死（osteonecrosis of the femoral head, ONFH）且接受大通道钻孔减压、病灶清除,并经减压通道行股骨头内自体松质骨、同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨、同种异体腓骨条植骨治疗的患者进行短期临床疗效分析。方法 2018年1月至2020年12月,四川省骨科医院纳入47例（59髋）股骨头坏死患者。其中,男39例,女8例;年龄29 ～ 51岁,平均37.2岁;ARCO Ⅱa期16髋,ARCO Ⅱb期21髋,ARCO Ⅱc期13髋,ARCO Ⅲa期9髋;酒精性ONFH 46髋（酒精组）,激素性ONFH 13髋（激素组）。术后门诊随访,复查X线片（双髋正位及蛙式位片）,观察股骨头形态及骨整合情况,记录患髋Harris评分。结果 本组47例（59髋）随访24 ～ 36个月,平均随访30个月。术后所有患者疼痛明显缓解,部分患者疼痛消失（包括Ⅱa期14髋,Ⅱb期13髋,Ⅱc期4髋）。6例（9髋）患者病情进展股骨头发生塌陷,其中Ⅱb期1髋,Ⅱc期3髋,Ⅲa期5髋。按病因分,酒精性坏死塌陷6髋,塌陷率13%;激素性坏死塌陷3髋,塌陷率23.1%。酒精组和激素组末次随访时Harris评分与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;酒精组术后Harris评分（82.7±5.6）分显著高于激素组（78.3±8.3）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不同ARCO分期患者术后髋关节功能均得到一定程度改善,其中Ⅱa及Ⅱb期优良率78.4%,Ⅱc、Ⅲa期优良率50%（P＜0.05）。结论 针对ARCO Ⅱa期至Ⅲa期股骨头坏死的患者,采用大直径通道减压、清除死骨,同时植入自体松质骨和同种异体颗粒骨混合物,最后配合同种异体腓骨条加强支撑,短期可有效防止坏死股骨头的塌陷并减轻疼痛、改善患功能。     

Bone histology at autopsy and matched bone scintigraphy findings in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer: the effect of bisphosphonate therapy on bone scintigraphy results

Bisphosphonates (BisP) are non-metabolized compounds with high bone affinity used in bone metastasis diagnosis and treatment. Currently, BisP are used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy as well as to prevent, minimize, or delay skeletal morbidity. These compounds have a long half-life in bone. Thus long-term BisP treatment might saturate bone and interfere with a single-dose scanning agent used for bone scintigraphy when visualizing bone metastases. In an effort to answer this question, this study evaluated the concordance of histology and Technetium⁹⁹ methylene diophosphonate (Tc⁹⁹ MDP) bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. We assessed the concordance of findings between bone scintigraphy and histology using 188 bone biopsies from 11 autopsied patients who died with metastatic prostate cancer, 5 of whom were treated with pamidronate for 2 to 13 months before death. Overall agreement between histology and bone scintigraphy was 84%, 86% in non-pamidronate-treated patients and 82% in pamidronate-treated patients. Scintigraphic bone metastases without histological metastasis (false negatives = 12.7%) were observed in 24 anatomic locations; half of these were in one patient who had been treated with pamidronate and had no histological bone response to the carcinoma. There were only 4 sites where a positive bone scan was not associated with histologic metastasis (false positives = 2.21%). There was no statistical difference between the treated and non-treated group for concordance, specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of bone scintigraphy and prevalence of histological abnormality. Long-term pamidronate treatment of prostate cancer bone metastases does not generally affect the ability to detect bone metastases with Tc⁹⁹ MDP bone scintigraphy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

两种引导组织再生膜骨修复效果的比较

文题释义： 压电效应：指晶体材料受到压力作用时会在两端面间出现电压。1880年,法国物理学家P.居里和J.居里兄弟发现,把重物放在石英晶体上后晶体某些表面会产生电荷,电荷量与压力呈比例。 压电常数：是压电体将机械能与电能相互转变的转换系数,主要反映了压电材料弹性(机械)性能与介电性能之间的耦合关系。 背景：课题组前期研究证实,含体积分数5%钛酸钡纳米颗粒的钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜可明显促进骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附、生长、成骨分化及骨缺损修复,然而针对临床应用,该材料作为引导组织再生膜与现有临床上不可降解膜产品的骨修复效果有何差异尚不清楚。 目的：对比考察钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜材料与商用聚四氟乙烯膜修复大鼠颅骨临界尺寸缺损的效果。 方法：采用溶液浇铸法制备出含体积分数5%钛酸钡纳米颗粒的钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜,经过电晕极化处理后使其表面带电。通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和水接触角测量仪检测钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜与聚四氟乙烯膜的表面形貌、表面粗糙度及表面亲疏水性。在SD大鼠(购自北京大学口腔医学院实验动物中心)颅骨矢状缝两侧制作直径为5 mm的全厚骨缺损,左侧覆盖聚四氟乙烯膜(对照组),右侧覆盖钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜(实验组),术后4,12周,利用Micro-CT和组织学方法评价材料覆盖大鼠颅骨缺损的骨修复情况。实验已经通过北京大学口腔医学院实验动物伦理委员会讨论批准。 结果与结论：①钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜表面平整致密,钛酸钡纳米颗粒均匀分布在基体内;聚四氟乙烯膜由疏松的粗大纤维组成;钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜的表面粗糙度低于聚四氟乙烯膜(P < 0.001),亲水性优于聚四氟乙烯膜(P < 0.001);②Micro-CT和组织学检测显示,术后4周时,两组缺损处均有新骨生成,但实验组缺损中央有明显的新骨生成;术后12周时,两组缺损均已愈合,但实验组新骨成熟程度高于对照组;③结果表明,钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜可能作为引导组织再生膜。 ORCID: 0000-0002-6993-5627(尹颖) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

The effects of cracks on the quantification of the cancellous bone fabric tensor in fossil and archaeological specimens: a simulation study

Cancellous bone is very sensitive to its prevailing mechanical environment, and study of its architecture has previously aided interpretations of locomotor biomechanics in extinct animals or archaeological populations. However, quantification of architectural features may be compromised by poor preservation in fossil and archaeological specimens, such as post mortem cracking or fracturing. In this study, the effects of post mortem cracks on the quantification of cancellous bone fabric were investigated through the simulation of cracks in otherwise undamaged modern bone samples. The effect on both scalar (degree of fabric anisotropy, fabric elongation index) and vector (principal fabric directions) variables was assessed through comparing the results of architectural analyses of cracked vs. non‐cracked samples. Error was found to decrease as the relative size of the crack decreased, and as the orientation of the crack approached the orientation of the primary fabric direction. However, even in the best‐case scenario simulated, error remained substantial, with at least 18% of simulations showing a > 10% error when scalar variables were considered, and at least 6.7% of simulations showing a > 10° error when vector variables were considered. As a 10% (scalar) or 10° (vector) difference is probably too large for reliable interpretation of a fossil or archaeological specimen, these results suggest that cracks should be avoided if possible when analysing cancellous bone architecture in such specimens.     

Evaluation of the rat micronucleus test with bone marrow and peripheral blood: Summary of the 9th collaborative study by CSGMT/JEMS·MMS

The mouse has traditionally been used for the micronucleus test, with bone marrow the usual target organ. The aim of the 9th collaborative study by CSGMT was to evaluate the suitability of the rat for the micronucleus test, with bone marrow and peripheral blood as the target organ. Since the rat spleen eliminates circulating micronucleated erythrocytes, a rat peripheral blood micronucleus assay might not be feasible. Thirty-four Japanese laboratories and six overseas laboratories participated in this collaboration, and 40 chemicals were studied. As a rule, rat bone marrow and peripheral blood were analyzed using acridine orange staining. Among 36 mouse micronucleus-positive rat carcinogens, 34 of which had been evaluated by CSGMT, we observed 33 positive and three negative results with rat bone marrow and 30 positive, three equivocal, and three negative responses with rat peripheral blood. Of the two mouse micronucleus-negative rat carcinogens, acrylonitrile was positive in rat bone marrow and 4,4′-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) was negative in both rat bone marrow and peripheral blood. Two chemicals reported to be mouse micronucleus-negative and rat-positive, azobenzene and Solvent Yellow 14, and one chemical reported to be mouse-positive and rat-negative, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, gave positive responses in rat bone marrow and peripheral blood. The concordance between bone marrow and peripheral blood with rats was 92%. The concordance between rat and mouse erythrocytes was 88%. We concluded that the rat micronucleus assay, using either bone marrow or peripheral blood, can be used as an alternative to the mouse micronucleus assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 32:84–100, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Prophylaxis of osteoporosis with calcium, estrogens and/or eelcatonin: comparative longitudinal study of bone mass

Objective: To evaluate three different therapeutic regimens for the prevention of osteoporosis in natural and surgical postmenopausal women who had been found to have rapid bone loss in analytical studies. Methods: A total of 104 naturally or surgically postmenopausal women were studied, and subsequently followed-up during 1 year for avoidance of the influence of seasonal variation on bone mass, a factor overlooked in several studies. They were randomized into four groups of 26 patients each: the untreated control group (mean age 50 ± 5 years); the hormonal replacement treatment (HRT) group (mean age 48 ± 6 years), which was treated for 24 days each month with transdermal 17β-estradiol, 50 mg/day, together with medroxiprogesterone, 10 mg during 12 days; the calcium group (mean age 50 ± 4 years), which was treated with elemental calcium, 1 g/day; and the calcitonin group (mean age 50 ± 5 years), which was treated for 10 days each month with eel calcitonin, 40 IU/day and with elemental calcium, 500 mg/day. Full-body bone densitometry, for measuring total body bone mineral content (TBBMC), was carried out in all the women at baseline and 1 year. TBBMC was corrected for body weight by dividing its value by body weight (TBBMC/W). Results: After 1 year TBBMC/W was lower in every group: −2.14% (P < 0.001) in the control group; −0.14% (P = NS) in the HRT group (P < 0.05 vs. controls); −0.18% (P = NS) in the calcium group (P < 0.05 vs. controls); and −0.06% (P = NS) in the calcitonin group (P < 0.01 vs. controls; P < 0.05 vs. calcium and HRT). Conclusions: These findings show that all three treatments are effective in the prevention of postmenopausal loss of bone mass.     

45名轻度精神发育迟滞儿童教育前后智力水平的比较

采用韦氏学龄儿童智力量表修订本分别对24名经2.5年特殊教育和21名经2.5年普通教育的轻度精神发育迟滞儿童进行测查,结果提示经特殊教育后总智商和操作智商明显提高(P<0.05～0.001)。特殊教育和普通教育两组进行比较,两者平均总智商的增长并无差异,作者探讨了可能原因并提出加强社会适应能力训练的必要性。     

Vascular tumors of bone: A study of 17 cases other than ordinary hemangioma,with an evaluation of the relationship of hemangioendothelioma of bone to epithelioid hemangioma,epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,and high-grade angiosarcoma

Cases filed as vascular tumor of bone other than ordinary hemangioma were reviewed. They were included in the study if there was adequate histologic material and clinical information, clear evidence of bone origin, and at least 5 years follow-up. The study group comprised 17 cases, of which 13 were categorized as hemangioendothelioma of bone, 1 as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and 3 as high-grade angiosarcoma. Hemangioendothelioma of bone had growth patterns varying from vasoformative to solid, but well-formed vessels were present in at least some area in all cases. The cells generally had a rounded, epithelioid character, regular nuclei, and relatively few mitotic figures; occasional features included spindle cells and scattered enlarged, hyperchromatic or pleomorphic nuclei. Lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate ranged from prominent to slight or absent, and myxoid or hyaline stroma was never more than focal. Epithelioid hemangioma could not be separated from hemangioendothelioma of bone. The single epithelioid hemangioendothelioma for the most part had cords of relatively uniform epithelioid cells in a prominent myxoid stroma but focally demonstrated an angiosarcoma-like appearance, with irregular vascular spaces and marked nuclear pleomorphism. The high-grade angiosarcomas exhibited predominantly irregular vasoformation combined with solid areas, diffuse nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism, and, in 2 cases, numerous mitotic figures (the third case had only a small biopsy and a postradiation amputation specimen). Of the hemangioendotheliomas of bone, 7 were unicentric and 6 were regionally multicentric either concurrently or sequentially. Three patients had intraosseous local recurrence, 2 had discontinuous regional skin or soft tissue involvement (including the popliteal artery in 1), and 1 had a solitary lung metastasis, but none died of tumor. The patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma had multicentric tumors in widely separated bones and died with liver and lung metastases. Two of the high-grade angiosarcomas were unicentric, and the third was regionally multicentric, with a popliteal artery-soft tissue component as well. All 3 of these patients died with metastases in various sites.