动脉粥样硬化病变在颈总动脉分叉处分布特征

为探讨动脉粥样硬化的始动机理,对58例尸体颈动脉分叉标本通过大体及辅以苏丹Ⅲ、Ⅳ染色后观察,采用Mitchell点计数法,以动脉粥样硬化病损频率、面积及粥样化指数为参数得到结论是颈动脉叉处动脉粥样硬化病损以分叉处内、后侧壁高切应力区为好发部位,文内并对切应力作用进行了讨论.     

人胃粘膜肥大细胞的分布与超微结构

光镜观察了２５例人胃底部组织甲苯胺蓝染色切片的粘膜肥大细胞的分布。电镜观察了５例人胃底活检材料内粘膜肥大细胞的超微结构。     

孕鼠子宫肥大细胞分布、数量和组化性质的动态变化

目的：探讨小鼠妊娠期子宫内肥大细胞的分布、数量和组化性质的动态变化。方法：采用甲苯胺益等染色法研究了孕１ｄ、３ｄ、５ｄ、７ｄ、９ｄ、１１ｄ、１３ｄ、１５ｄ、１７ｄ、１９ｄ时子宫内的肥大细胞。结果：（１）肥大细胞主要分布于子宫肌层,子宫内膜较少,且胚泡植入部位的肥大细胞明显少于非植入部位;（２）妊娠早期（孕１～５ｄ）和妊娠后期（孕１５～１９ｄ）肥大细胞数显著多于妊娠中期（Ｐ〈０．０５）,;（３）Ａｌ     

人冠状动脉硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖的分布和变化与动脉粥样硬化形成的关系

目的：观察、探讨硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖在正常及有动脉粥样硬化病变的人冠状动脉内的分布和对巨噬细胞脂质摄入的影响及其与动脉粥样硬化形成的关系。方法：应用免疫组化染色观察正常和动脉粥样硬化病变的人冠状动脉内硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖的分布;应用酶－荧光法,检测培养的巨噬细胞内胆固醇含量。结果：（１）硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖主要分布于正常冠状动脉内膜近腔面的１／３处,多定位于内皮基底膜及内膜细胞的细胞膜周围;于动脉粥样硬化病变（脂纹及斑块）内其分布密度下降,尤其是在病变深层的泡沫细胞周围分布稀少。（２）硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖能抑制巨噬细胞内脂质的聚集。结论：动脉内膜中硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖分布的减少可能与巨噬细胞易于摄入脂质转变为泡沫细胞有关,对动脉粥样硬化早期病变的形成和发展可能具有重要作用。     

胎儿膀胱发育中肥大细胞量变的探讨

目的 :探讨肥大细胞在人胎儿膀胱发育中的数量变化。材料和方法 :43例不同胎龄的人胎儿膀胱切片做甲苯胺蓝 (TB)和阿尔辛蓝 藏红 (AB S)染色并对肥大细胞进行计数和用方差分析做统计学处理。结果 :胎儿膀胱肥大细胞 3月龄时开始出现 ,数量为 3 7.1 8± 5 .72个 /mm2 ,6月龄时增长迅速 ,为 1 61 .48± 4.3 8个 /mm2 ,约是最初量的 5倍 ,该变化具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。 9月龄时肥大细胞数量可达 2 3 7.92± 5 .48% ,约为最初量的 7～ 9倍。结论 :在人胎儿膀胱肥大细胞在 6月龄前后明显增多 ,并且随着胎龄增长而进一步增多。     

人胎冠状动脉神经肽Y(NPY)样神经的分布及其功能意义

本实验以13例22～38周人流死亡胎儿为材料,应用免疫细胞化学方法(ABC 法)研究了人胎冠状动脉壁 NPY 样神经纤维和胞体的分布。NPY 样神经纤维主要分布于冠状动脉的外膜和中膜,内膜中分布较少;有时见 NPY 样神经纤维通过冠状动脉的外膜和中膜伸入到内膜。NPY 样神经细胞体呈椭圆形、梭形或三角形,胞体直径10～20μm,分布于冠状动脉的外膜、中膜及冠状动脉外膜外组织中。一些阳性神经细胞之间可构成环状连接。     

P物质,血管活性肠肽和神经肽Y在大鼠舌肥大细胞内的定位研究

采用甲苯胺蓝染色和免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ方法，对大鼠舌组织中肥大细胞的分布，形态特点以及细胞内的Ｐ物质、血管活性肠肽和神经肽Ｙ的定位进行了研究。结果表明，大鼠舌组织内肥大细胞主要分布于固有层和肌层，多呈圆形，椭圆形或长梭形。经与甲苯胺蓝染色的相邻切片比较，几乎所有肥大细胞分别呈Ｐ物质、血管活性肠肽和神经肽Ｙ免疫反应阳性。提示：舌组织肥大细胞内Ｐ物质，血管活性肠肽和神经肽Ｙ等生物活性肽可能与其局部血液供     

不同年龄人牙龈肥大细胞的组织化学和电镜研究

取４０例临床下沉的人牙龈组织，按年龄不同分为２－１６岁，１７－６０岁，６１－６５岁三组，对每组肥大细胞进行光镜与电镜观察，结果发现：随着年龄增长，肥大细胞数量表现为由少到多，又由多到少的变化：Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－藏红组化染色后，三组均以蓝染的肥大细胞为主 ，呈红蓝混合色的肥细胞亦随年龄增长出现由少到多，又由多到少的变化；临界电解质浓度的测定结果显示，三组均较高，但随年龄增长仍有增高趋势；电镜下多数肥大     

正常人与牙周炎患者牙龈组织肥大细胞的组织化学与超微结构的研究

正常人牙龈组织１０例及牙周炎患者牙龈组织３９例，对其中的肥大细胞进行光镜与电镜观察。结果表明：牙周炎患者牙组织中的肥大细胞比正常者明显增多（Ｐ〈０．０００５），而且与炎症程度密切相关。用Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－藏红染色以后，正常人牙龈肥大细胞有的为蓝色，有的为红色，而牙周炎患者主要为蓝色，仅少数为红蓝混合色。牙周炎组肥大细胞的临界电解质浓度值也较低。电镜观察。牙周炎患者肥大细胞有显著脱颗粒现象，其附近还可     

Mast cell subpopulations in the synovial tissue of patients with osteoarthritis: selective increase in numbers of tryptase-positive,chymase-negative mast cells

Although there is relatively little evidence of inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA), increases in mast cell numbers and mast cell activation are prominent features of the synovial tissue. As little is known of the types of mast cells which may be involved, the numbers and distribution of mast cell subpopulations have been investigated as defined according to their content of proteases. Tissue was obtained from patients with OA undergoing total knee replacement surgery (n=14) and from control subjects either post-mortem (n=11) or following leg amputation for peripheral vascular disease (n=3); a double-labelling immunocytochemical procedure with monoclonal antibodies specific for tryptase and chymase was applied to identify those mast cells which contain both tryptase and chymase (MC_TC) and those with tryptase but not chymase (MC_T). There was considerable variation between individual tissues and between sites of tissue sampling, but cells of the MC_TC subset were predominant in the synovial layer of both groups of subjects without joint disease, accounting for some 60 per cent of all mast cells present. In tissue from OA patients, however, there appeared to have been a striking shift in the relative proportions of mast cells from the MC_TC to the MC_T phenotype, with many more MC_T cells present in the synovial tissues of OA patients (median 53 MC_T/mm²) than in tissue from post-mortem (7·5 MC_T/mm², P<0·0001) or amputation controls (12 MC_T/mm²). In contrast, numbers of synovial MC_TC cells in the synovium of OA patients (20 MC_TC/mm²) differed little from those in either of the control groups (both 12 MC_TC/mm²). In several other conditions, the MC_T cells have been linked with inflammatory events, but it seems that in OA, other factors may be operating to induce a selective expansion of this subpopulation.     

QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MAST CELLS AND SENSORY NERVES IN PSORIATIC SKIN

To study the elements of neurogenic inflammation in psoriatic skin, morphological contacts were examined between mast cells and sensory nerves containing the neuropeptides substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Because mast cells in psoriatic lesions appear in great numbers at the basement membrane (BM) zone, neuropeptide–mast cell contacts with the BM were also counted. A double stain for active mast cell tryptase and the neuropeptides was applied and the contacts were quantitated morphometrically. Sensory nerve–mast cell contacts were also studied three-dimensionally with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Increases in the contact values of SP and CGRP with mast cells, as well as with the BM, were obtained in developing (1–3 weeks) lesions when compared with their non-lesional controls. This increase reached statistical significance in mature lesions. In contrast, the corresponding contact values for VIP were decreased. By confocal microscopy, a close association between mast cells and sensory nerves was observed in the lesional dermis. Since tryptase is known to degrade CGRP but not SP, neurogenic stimuli, mainly via SP, can result in degranulation of mast cells, which release substances to enhance inflammation. At the BM zone in psoriatic lesions, the numerous mast cells loaded with tryptase can promote degradation of BM components and allow entry of various mediators to interact with keratinocytes.     

人腭扁桃体肥大细胞的性质—免疫组化法研究

收集手术切除的人腭扁桃体标本６例，常规石蜡切片，分别以血管活性肠肽、阿尔新蓝－番红花红、长时间甲苯胺蓝和普通甲苯胺蓝染色观察肥大细胞。结果显示：肥大细胞呈血管活性肠肽免疫反应阳性，分布于淋巴小结中央及周围的弥散淋巴组织、被膜及小梁的结缔组织、固有层和小血管周围。阿尔新蓝－番红花红染色呈浅蓝色颗粒。长时间甲苯胺蓝染色显示的肥大细胞数目较多，颗粒为深蓝色。普通甲苯胺蓝染色未以显示肥大细胞。结果提示，人     

ALTERATIONS IN MAST CELL PROTEINASES AND PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN THE PROGRESS OF CUTANEOUS HERPES ZOSTER INFECTION

The possible involvement of mast cell proteases in the cutaneous inflammation of herpes zoster was studied histochemically in ten patients. Mast cell tryptase and chymase bioactivities were demonstrated enzyme-histochemically. The localization of protease inhibitors as well as tryptase and chymase proteins in mast cells was established using a sequential double-staining method which first demonstrated bioactive tryptase or chymase, followed by immunohistochemical identification of these antigens. Biopsies were taken from involved vesicular and erythematous skin, as well as from normal healthy-looking skin. Tryptase-bioactive mast cells were significantly lower in number in the upper, but not in the deeper dermis of vesicular skin (68±37 cells/mmmean±SD) when compared with either healthy-looking (97±38) or erythematous skin (105±36) ( t -test, P <0·005). In contrast, chymase-bioactive mast cells were significantly reduced in number both in erythematous skin (44±20, P <0·02) and even more so in vesicular skin (26±20, P <0·0005) when compared with healthy-looking skin (64±27). The percentage of α₁-antitrypsin-immunoreactive and α₁-antichymotrypsin-immunoreactive mast cells in the upper dermis increased steadily from the values in healthy-looking skin (37·9±18·8 and 82·5±21·6 per cent) to those in erythematous (64·4±16·4 and 93·5±7·9 per cent) and vesicular skin (75·2±10·2 and 96·4±4 per cent). A novel finding was that cells showing tryptase immunoreactivity but no enzyme activity were found in two out of nine erythematous skin specimens and in four out of seven vesicular specimens. In healthy-looking skin, all cells with chymase immunoreactivity also displayed chymase bioactivity, but only 53·2±24·25 per cent of these mast cells in erythematous lesions and 44·4±15·9 per cent in vesicular lesions showed chymase bioactivity, suggesting inactivation of chymase by protease inhibitors. These results show prominent alterations in mast cell proteinases and protease inhibitors, indicating that these enzymes participate in the cutaneous inflammation due to herpes zoster.     

性激素对大鼠胸腺中肥大细胞数量及分布的影响

用长时间甲苯胺蓝等组织化学方法，研究了性激系对大鼠胸腺中肥大细胞数量及分布的影响。结果表明：接受雌二醇或睾酮处理的大鼠胸腺中肥大细胞数量显著减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）；阉割则能使胸腺中肥大细胞显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）。提示减少胸腺中肥大细胞数可能是性激素影响机体免疫功能的途径之一。文内还讨论了性激素对胸腺的影响的机制等问题。     

人颈动脉窦内流动分离区的研究

关于人颈动脉粥样硬化病的病理解剖报告指出,在窦内侧或内外侧同时发生内膜增生和粥样斑块的病例很多见。用血流动力学低切应力因子相关理论,在传统的Y型AHCB模型中无法解释这种现象。本文在音叉型AHCB修正模型中,用可视化技术显示颈动脉窦内定常三维流场,用激光测速技术测量颈动脉窦内膜增生部位的速度剖面,发现除窦外侧分离区外还存在窦内侧分离区,使临床上观察到的粥样斑块分布现象得到合理解释,并证明音叉型AHCB模型是对传统模型的明显改进。     

胎儿消化器官发育中的肥大细胞超微结构特点

实验对１０例不同胎龄肥儿消化器官的胎大细胞进行了超微结构观察，发现胎儿发育接近成熟时，其肥大细胞根据颗粒的超微结构可分ＴＣ肥大细胞和Ｔ肥大细胞两型；胎儿发育后期以大细胞有分泌活动呈活化状态；胎儿肥大细胞与成纤维细胞，上皮细胞，血管，神经等密切接触。     

肺内支气管动脉及其与肺血管的吻合

在解剖显微镜下放大3～40倍,观察了30例(成人与儿童)正常和病变肺的肺内支气管动脉及其与肺血管的吻合。支气管动脉伴随支气管呈弯曲、蛇行经过,于支气管分叉的前方或后方分支,常以2支沿支气管支分布,呈对向排列,在支气管外膜中形成动脉网。小支穿支气管壁,在粘膜下层亦形成动脉网。支气管动脉的纵隔面胸膜支与叶间胸膜支位于肺胸膜下,与支气管树分离,在肺外周部管径较粗。在支气管壁与肺胸膜中,支气管动脉与肺动、静脉间存在毛细管前的端一端吻合或端一侧吻合。9例胸膜粘连处的新生胸膜支(发自肋间动脉、最上肋间动脉、心包膈动脉或胸廓内动脉)通过肺胸膜动脉网与支气管动脉吻合,以加强肺病变区的血液供应。此外,对支气管动脉在肺内的经过、分布及其与肺血管吻合的生理功能进行了讨论。     

大鼠心壁内CGRP阳性肥大细胞定位及分布研究

本文用免疫细胞化学方法及甲苯胺蓝染色法,研究大鼠心壁内肥大细胞降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)样免疫反应物质以及含这类物质的肥大细胞在心壁内的分布.发现部分肥大细胞含有降钙素基因相关肽样免疫反应物质.含这类物质的肥大细胞约占甲苯胺蓝染色肥大细胞数的13.5%,细胞直径多在8～15μm,心房后壁多于心室壁,t检验结果表明二者差异显著(P<0.001),这种分布特点与甲苯胺蓝染色的肥大细胞分布相一致.由于对照组均为阴性,排除了假阳性的可能.文中对心壁内这种细胞的有关问题进行了讨论.