Alcohol advertising in magazines and adolescent readership

Context  Adolescent drinking is a major public health concern. The federal government does not restrict alcohol advertising to adolescents, but relies on the alcohol industry for self-regulation. Objectives  To investigate recent alcohol advertising in magazines and to determine whether advertising frequency is associated with adolescent readership. Design, Setting, and Subjects  All alcohol advertisements were counted that appeared from 1997-2001 in 35 of 48 major US magazines, which tracked their adolescent readership (3 refused all alcohol advertisements; and advertisement counts were unavailable for 10). Variation was assessed in the advertisement placement frequency for each major category of alcohol (beer, wine and wine coolers, and distilled liquor) by a magazine's adolescent readership (age 12-19 years), young adult readership (age 20-24 years), and older adult readership (age 25 years); readership demographics (sex, race, and income); year; frequency of publication; and cost per advertisement. Main Outcome Measure  Variation in alcohol advertising frequency by adolescent readership. Results  Adolescent readership ranged from 1.0 to 7.1 million. The alcohol industry placed 9148 advertisements at a cost of $696 million. Of the 9148 advertisements, 1201 (13%) were for beer, 443 (5%) for wine, and 7504 (82%) for liquor. After adjustment for other magazine characteristics, the advertisement rate ratio was 1.6 times more for beer (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.6; P = .05) and liquor (95% CI, 1.1-2.3; P = .01) for every additional million adolescent readers. Wine industry advertising was not associated with adolescent readership. Conclusions  Magazine advertising by the beer and liquor industries is associated with adolescent readership. Industry and federal policymakers should examine ways to regulate advertising that reaches large numbers of adolescents.      

Use of nutritional health supplements and associated factors among parents with children at kindergartens in Hong Kong

OBJECTIVES. To estimate the prevalence of so-called nutritional health supplement consumption among kindergarten children; secondarily to explore potential factors associated with such consumption. DESIGN. Cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire survey. SETTING. One kindergarten each in Hong Kong island, Kowloon, and the New Territories region. SUBJECTS. Parents who had a child studying at the three sampled kindergartens in April 2010. RESULTS. Of 951 sets of parents, 730 (77%) responded. Approximately 52% (95% confidence interval, 47-58%) of the respondents gave regular health supplements to their child. The commonest type of supplement given was cod fish oil (69%). Approximately 36% of the respondents did not know the upper limit dosage of their supplement. Parents of only 66% of regular health supplements consumers, compared to 75% of non-regular users, knew that there was an inherent risk from over-consumption (P=0.018). Parental beliefs that "It is useful/important for normal child development" (adjusted odds ratio=1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-3.16; P=0.009), "It is useful/important for immune function" (1.79; 1.05-3.05; P=0.032) were associated with consumption of health such supplements. CONCLUSION. There is high rate of health supplement consumption among healthy kindergarten children in Hong Kong. There are wrong beliefs from parents that health supplements are important for normal-growing children for their normal growth and body immunity. About one-third of parents has limited knowledge on potential side-effects of overdose and do not know the limit of consumption. Education on "Less (health supplement) is more (health)" is recommended.     

2002年海口市居民营养与健康状况调查

目的 了解和掌握居民营养与健康状况及其影响因素，为政府制定相关政策提供科学依据。方法 按照分层整群随机抽样方法抽取海口市542户居民进行膳食营养与健康状况调查，并对相关指标进行评价。结果居民动物性食物和植物油脂的摄入量比1992年明显增加，但谷类、蔬菜摄入量减少。蛋白质，脂肪摄入量充足，能量、钙、VitB1、VitB2、视黄醇摄入不足。居民贫血率为6．46％，其中60岁以上老年人、育龄妇女和婴幼儿贫血率分别为14．29％、13．85％和13．64％。成人超重率27．40％、肥胖率2．56％、高血压患病率23．39％、糖尿病患病率3．79％、空腹血糖受损率2．04％、血脂异常率16．34％。结论 海口市居民膳食质量明显提高，但膳食结构不尽合理，动物性食物及植物油脂摄入量过高，谷类和蔬菜摄入量偏低，造成蛋白质，脂肪供能比偏高，碳水化合物供能比降低。捉示居民因膳食失衡和不良生活方式导致的肥胖、糖尿病、高血压，高血脂等慢性病不容忽视。     

温州市碘营养状况调查分析

温州市位于浙江省东南部，东临东海，山地面积占78．2％。温州市属轻度缺碘地区，1996年起全市实施以全民食盐加碘为主的综合性防治措施，儿童碘营养状况得到显改善，2000年达到消除碘缺乏病阶段性目标。为了解温州市达标后碘缺乏病情和人群碘营养状况，评价以食盐加碘为主导的综合性干预措施落实情况及防治效果，根据卫生部《开展全国第五次碘缺乏病监测的通知》的要求，于2005年5-6月开展碘缺乏病监测，结果分析如下。     

Priorities of nutritional concepts assigned by health professionals and students.

Medical faculty, practicing physicians, medical students, and dietitians/nutritionists rated nutritional concepts as to their importance for inclusion in the medical school curricula and indicated the best method of accomplishing this. Ten concepts were rated "essential." They related to biochemical and physiological aspects of nutrition; nutrition in pregnancy, lactation, growth, development, maturity, and old age; nutritional management in disease; drug and diet interrelationships; and critiques of popular dietary regimens. Ranked as "important" were eight concepts regarding sources of nutrition information; evaluation of nutritional status; recommended dietary allowances; and food additives, naturally occurring food toxins, and nutrient composition of foods. Based on results of this study, the authors make recommendations regarding nutritional concepts that should be included in medical school curricula and how these concepts should be incorporated.     

87例婴儿营养性贫血与影响因素调查

目的了解本地婴儿不同月龄贫血发生情况。分析其影响因素。方法对468例就诊于儿保门诊的婴儿保健资料中有87例营养不良性贫血进行调查。结果婴儿贫血检出率为18．6％，贫血检出率随着婴儿月龄的增加而明显增加。结论加强产前保健，提倡婴儿期母乳喂养的同时注意适时，适量合理的添加辅食是减少婴儿贫血的有力措施。     

骨科住院患者的营养状况调查

目的 调查2005～2006年间骨外科住院患者的营养状况.方法 采用多项营养评价指标测定120例住院患者营养状况,分析患者的营养状况与疾病、并发症、住院时间等因素之间的关系.结果 骨科住院患者的营养不良发生率为31.7%,病理性骨折和骨恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率明显高于外伤性骨折和良性疾病患者,差异具有统计学意义.38例营养不良患者中手术后出现18例次并发症,82例营养状况良好的患者中手术后出现17例次并发症,营养不良患者的并发症发生率明显高于营养状况良好患者.营养不良患者的住院时间明显长于营养状况良好的患者.结论 骨科住院患者存在不同程度的营养不良,须及时给予合理的营养支持治疗.     

平顶山市农民工营养知识调查

农民工是一个庞大的群体，经济收入不高。为了让农民工懂得怎样用较少的钱获取较高营养价值的食物，养成良好的饮食习惯，有的放矢地对他们开展健康教育，对前来平顶山市第一人民医院就医的门诊及住院农民工进行了问卷调查。[第一段]     

海口地区乙型肝炎病毒携带情况调查

病毒性乙型肝炎（乙肝）是全球公共卫生的一个重要问题。我国乙肝的流行情况严重，人群中乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）平均阳性率达10％。海口地区单位员工尚没有感染调查报告，为了掌握乙肝感染情况，有效地开展乙肝防治，采用2005—2007年间单位健康体检人员11024例，采用ELISA法对抽取员工采集的血清进行HBsAg检测。     

A comparative study of the commonly used nutritional assessment tools for primary health care.

This is a community-based, cross-sectional study of the three commonly recommended nutritional assessment tools, namely, weight for age (as the Road to Health Chart), weight as a percentage of standard weight for height (as the Thinness Chart), and mid-upper arm circumference (as the Shakir strip). The study was done in the Igbo-ora Community of Oyo-State. Done on 204, one to four year old children, the study shows that all the methods show high levels of correlation with each other's classification of the children. Compared with the Thinness Chart and the physicians standardised clinical assessment, the epidemiological usefulness of the Shakir strip as one point screening tool for severely malnourished children can be improved by the use of 13.5cm rather than the 12.5cm previously recommended at the cut-off point for individuals patient intervention. This cut-off is therefore recommended for the use of the Shakir strip in this locality for the situations where its use is found appropriate. Compared with the other assessment methods, the borderline class interval of the Thinness chart as currently recommended appears too wide. Far too many children, apparently normal even by weight for age, were classified in the borderline category by that instrument. It is therefore recommended that the interval should also be narrowed down for a more adequate use of that instrument in this locality.     

骨质疏松性骨折患者的营养知识调查

目的了解骨质疏松性骨折患者对膳食营养的认识情况。方法对183例骨质疏松性骨折患者进行问卷调查有关骨质疏松病的营养知识的情况。结果骨质疏松性骨折的患者随年龄的增加逐渐增多，不同年龄组的患者营养知识得分和在膳食结构的需要方面差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论在预防骨质疏松性骨折的健康教育工作中建议强调骨质疏松病的膳食综合营养知识的普及。     

重庆市卫生机构信息化现状调查

目的为了掌握全市卫生机构信息化现状,合理规划和整体布置全市卫生机构信息化推进进度.方法通过交流座谈、问卷调查和电话咨询的方式,调查内容为单位信息化基础建设情况、人员情况、经费投入情况、信息化程度和信息化措施.结果调查显示我市卫生信息化工作呈现以下几个显著特点:(1)经过近几年的努力,我市卫生信息化建设有了一定基础;(2)我市卫生信息化建设正处于初级阶段;(3)卫生信息化建设制约因素很多.结论提出进一步加强卫生信息化建设的几点建议.     

引起教师亚健康的原因调查与预防对策

亚健康状态是指身体没有器质性病变指标,但感觉躯体不适,心理不安,有时有社交障碍。它包括虚弱以及躯体、心理、社交和性方面适应的"不完满状态",这种状态称为亚健康状态。目前,各级教师的亚健康问题非常突出。2000年武汉市对492名中学教师的身体健康状况进行了调查,结果显示:63.6%     

丹东地区中学生营养性贫血调查分析

为了进一步掌握学生的营养状况，了解贫血防治效果。为今后长期做好学生卫生保健工作提供科学依据。我们于2001年对1700名中学生进行营养性贫血的调查，现将结果报告如下。     

12320卫生热线知晓及需求情况调查

目的了解公众对石家庄市12320卫生热线知晓及需求情况现状,为进一步改进宣传模式、完善服务内容提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法进行调查,并采用SPSS软件进行数据统计分析。结果共调查石家庄市居民1 404人,其中579人(41.24%)表示知道热线电话的存在,听说过的579人中有196人(33.85%)拨打过12320,对12320服务满意度为95.41%;居民获得热线信息的途径主要为电视或广播、他人告知、报刊杂志以及网络,居民关心更多的是传染病与慢性病防治、养生保健等健康知识,平时习惯采用的咨询方式为电话、网络及手机短信。结论石家庄市居民对12320的知晓率和使用率水平不够高,在今后工作中要根据公众对健康知识的需求情况采取有针对性的宣传措施,不断优化服务内容,提高热线知晓率和使用率。