影像学检查在壶腹周围癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨各种影像学检查在壶腹周围癌诊断中的应用价值。方法 对我院1991年1月至2000年12月10年间收治的125例经病理组织学检查证实的壶腹周围癌患者的临床影像学检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果 胰头癌中BUS或CT的诊断阳性发现率高于ERCP(P=0．044，P=0．029)；十二指肠乳头癌中ERCP的诊断阳性发现率高于BUS和CT(P=0．005，P=0．03)；壶腹癌中ERCP的诊断阳性发现率高于BUS和CT(P=0．157，P=0．282)。磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在壶腹癌和十二指肠乳头癌的诊断中阳性发现者分别为8／8和8／9。结论 BUS CT检查是诊断胰头癌的最佳方法；ERCP是诊断壶腹癌和十二指肠乳头癌的最佳方法；而MRCP检查应用前景十分广阔。     

MR动态增强结合 MRCP对 64例壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别分析

目的:探讨MR 动态增强结合磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析64 例经病理学证实壶腹周围癌的MRI 资料,并复习相关文献。结果:64 例中胰头癌35 例,胆总管下段腺癌11 例,壶腹癌8 例,十二指肠腺癌10 例。58 例表现为壶腹区域大小不等的软组织信号结节或肿块,3 例胆总管下段癌及3 例十二指肠腺癌表现局部管壁增厚,61 例伴有程度不等的低位胆管和/ 或胰管梗阻。不同类别肿瘤的MR 表现既有共同之处,又各有特点。结论:MR 动态增强结合MRCP 对壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别具有较大价值。     

壶腹周围癌血清肿瘤标志物测定的临床诊断意义

壶腹部周围癌包括胰头癌、十二指肠乳头癌、Vater壶腹癌和胆总管下端癌,临床诊断及鉴别诊断困难。本文通过我院近年来59例胰腺癌和55例其他壶腹部周围癌病人血清CA19-9、CEA、CA153和CA125的联合检测,探讨它们对壶腹周围癌诊断及预后的价值。     

老年壶腹周围癌病人的外科治疗

一般认为壶腹周围癌(periampullary carcinoma)是指来源于十二指肠乳头或其周围lcm范围内组织或器官发生的恶性肿瘤,包括胰头癌、壶腹部癌、胆总管下段癌及乳头周围的十二指肠癌,按其发生比例高低依次为胰头癌、壶腹部癌、胆总管下段癌和十二指肠癌,但胰腺来源的壶腹周围癌预后远不如非胰腺来源的壶腹周围癌 [1].     

胰十二指肠切除术123例临床病理学研究

目的：探讨胰十二指肠切除术病例的临床病理学特点,为该术式适应症提供借鉴。方法：对123例胰十二指肠切除术病例的临床及病理资料进行统计、分析,寻找其特点并与临床相联系。结果：123例中十二指肠乳头、Vater壶腹癌67例;胆总管下段癌25例;胰头癌21例;十二指肠乳头旁平滑肌肉瘤1例;胰头及Vater壶腹部NHL 1例;局限性胰腺炎4例;异位胰腺3例;十二指肠乳头部溃疡1例。结论：①重视引起梗阻性黄疸的非肿瘤性疾病与Vater壶腹周围癌的鉴别;②区分Vater壶腹周围癌的组织学来源对指导手术、判断预后十分必要;③重视十二指肠乳头部内镜活检及十二指肠乳头部、Vater壶腹部癌前病变－腺瘤的处理。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹部癌和胰头癌临床分析

壶腹周围癌是指胆胰壶腹周围2cm范围内的恶性肿瘤，包括壶腹部癌（胆总管末端壶腹癌和十二指肠乳头癌）、胰头癌及十二指肠降段的恶性肿瘤．胰十二指肠切除术是治疗壶腹周围癌的主要方式，但该手术对于壶腹部癌和胰头癌的疗效有所差别．将我院近7年收治病例的情况报道并分析如下。     

壶腹癌40例诊断体会

壶腹癌是指发生在十二指肠乳头、乳头附近粘膜、壶腹内粘膜、胰管开口或胆总管十二指肠壁段粘膜上皮的癌肿。这部分肿瘤因诊断困难,既往多与胰头癌、胆总管下端癌,十二指肠降部肿瘤一起统称为壶腹周围癌。近年来由于新的诊断仪器不断出现,术前把壶腹周围不同部位的肿瘤分开已完全成为可能。我院自1982年1月至1986年12月,共检出壶腹癌40例,均经手术和病理证实。现报告如下。     

CA19-9和CEA在壶腹周围癌中的诊断和预后价值

癌胚抗原（CEA）和碳水化物抗原19－9（CA19－9）早已用作检测胃肠道癌肿的肿瘤标记物，作者则观察此两标记杨在壶腹周围癌（包括十二指肠乏特壶腹、胰头和胆总管末端癌）中的诊断和预后判断价值。回顾性复习1989～1997年台湾省台北市退伍军人医院外科所收治的143例空腹周围癌的CEA和CA19－9测定结果，手术有胰十二指肠切除和转流性等姑息手术。用SPSS统计软件进行分析。结果在全组143例中，86例肿瘤可切除，另57例不能切除，其中53％可切除肿瘤为壶腹癌，70％不能切除的肿瘤为胰头癌。CA19－9检测壶腹周围癌的总敏感性为sl．6％，计…     

低张MRCP结合Propeller LAVA动态增强扫描在壶腹周围病变中的应用价值研究

目的：探讨低张胰胆管水成像（magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography，MRCP）结合Pro—peller LAVA多期动态增强扫描在壶腹周围病变综合诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：对34例壶腹周围病变患者在常规MR扫描基础上行低张MRCP及十二指肠低张后Propeller LAVA多期动态增强扫描，对原始图像进行3DMIP及MPR重建后处理，观察病变的间接及直接征象并与临床随访及病理结果对照。结果：34例中31例梗阻性质诊断明确，1例胰头癌漏诊，2例炎症误诊为肿瘤，定性诊断准确率为91．2％。30例行Propeller LAVA增强扫描，直接征象显示率达93．3％，肿瘤浸润范围诊断符合率为80.8％。26例肿瘤性病变中壶腹部癌5例，胆总管远端癌11例、胰头癌9例、壶腹周围十二指肠腺癌1例，定位准确率分别为88．5％（23／26）、84．6％（22／26）、885％（23／26），十二指肠腺癌误诊为乳头癌。另外直观显示了4例病变局限、直径在20cm以内的早期壶腹周围癌。结论：低张MRCP结合Propeller LAVA动态增强扫描能够全面、直观显示壶腹部病变的间接及直接征象，在明确肿瘤性病变的范围及周围组织、血管浸润方面具有重要意义，对壶腹部较小或隐匿病变亦具有较高的应用价值。     

壶腹周围癌某些相关基因表达与预后的关系

胆总管在穿经十二指肠壁时与胰管汇合后略膨大,称胆胰壶腹（简称壶腹）。壶腹及其外周环绕的括约肌向十二指肠腔突出,使二十指肠粘膜隆起形成十二指肠乳头。在壶腹周围（包括壶腹）上述组织结构所发生的肿瘤统称壶腹周围肿瘤,可为良性或者恶性,以恶性居多。恶性肿瘤包括来自壶腹、胆总管下端、十二指肠乳头和胰头的癌肿,临床上把前三者统称壶腹部癌,连同胰头癌统称壶腹周围癌。     

胆胰十二指肠结合部切除治疗壶腹部周围癌的疗效分析

目的探讨胆胰十二指肠结合部切除治疗壶腹部周围癌的临床应用。方法自2005年1月—2006年7月采用该术式治疗壶腹部周围癌15例，其中乳头癌6例，壶腹癌5例，胆总管下端癌4例。合并心肺疾患7例，糖尿病2例。切除范围：十二指肠降段，距胆胰管汇合部切除胰头1—2cm及胆总管至左右肝管汇合处下方。术中注意清扫区域淋巴结，行冰冻病理切片检查证实各切缘无肿瘤残存。结果全组手术成功率为100％，术后未出现胃瘫、十二指肠漏、胆漏或明显胰漏等严重并发症，均痊愈出院。1例死于术后2个月上消化道应激性溃疡大出血，其余14例均存活。随访3—16个月，随访期间未发现肿瘤复发或转移。结论胆胰十二指肠结合部切除术是治疗壶腹部周围癌的一种新术式，比乳头局部切除术范围大，但是手术难度和创伤均较常规胰十二指肠切除术明显降低，近期疗效满意。     

Predictors of Survival in Periampullary Cancers Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background  

Cancers of the ampulla of Vater, distal common bile duct, and pancreas are known to have dismal prognosis. It is often reported that ampullary cancers are less aggressive relative to the other periampullary carcinomas. We sought to evaluate predictors of survival for periampullary cancers following pancreaticoduodenectomy to identify biologic behavior.     

Surgical treatment of pancreas divisum causing pancreatitis in children

Although controversial, pancreas divisum has been implicated as a cause of acute pancreatitis when there is stenosis of the accessory papilla that drains the duct of Santorini. Over the past 5 years, four children with pancreas divisum and recurrent pancreatitis were successfully treated surgically. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in each case. Surgical treatment included sphincteroplasty to the accessory papilla to improve drainage of the duct of Santorini, opening the ampulla of Vater to expose the ostium of the duct of Wirsung to enlarge it, and cholecystectomy.     

先天性胆总管囊肿胰胆合流共同管开口位置及其相关因素的分析研究

目的 探讨胰胆合流共同管开口异位及其相关因素在胆总管囊肿发病机制中的作用。方法 对116例显影清晰的先天性胆总管囊肿患者的ERCP或术中胆道造影的正位X线片进行有关数据的测量分析，并以6例遗传性球形红细胞增多症及7例新生儿肝炎综合征患儿胆道造影的X线片作为对照组，对测量数据进行统计学处理并加以比较。结果 对照组Vater壶腹均开口于十二指肠降段，而实验组开口于十二指肠降段者占31．1％，开口于降段以远者占68．9％，且共同管开口位置越远，共同管、胆总管越长，胰管直径及胰胆汇合角度越大。囊肿型囊肿的胆总管直径与长度及胰胆汇合角度与梭型比较，差异有非常显著性意义，且前者合并胰腺分离及其它肝内外胆管畸形的发生率明显增高。结论 影像学测量下，Vater壶腹开口异位的存在有可能是先天性胆总管囊肿的发病原因，而胰胆合流异常、胆总管远端狭窄及肝内胆管的畸形则是本病通常并发的病理改变，但也可能互为因果，有待进一步研究。     

壶腹周围癌早期诊断和鉴别诊断

Periampullary cancer is a kind of malignant cancer of digestive tract.It arises within 2 cm of the major duodenal papilla and eomprises cancers of the ampulla,distal comliiOll bile duct,pancreas and duodenum.Their clinical features and anatomic locations are similar,as are the therapeutic approaches.However,their long-term outcomes vary.Due to the bad prognosis,it is very important to make an early,accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of periampullary cancer.This article summarizes some basic methods and new developments of early and differential diagnosis of poriampullary cancer.     

Implications of histological grade of tumour for the prognosis of radically resected periampullary adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of histological grade of tumour on the prognosis of radically resected periampullary cancers. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Austria. SUBJECTS: 156 patients (papilla of Vater, n = 34, head of the pancreas, n = 105, and distal common bile duct, n = 17) who underwent partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma between 1 January, 1967 and 31 December, 1996. OUTCOME MEASURES: The relation between grade of tumour and site, T and N classification, extramural growth, invasion of vessels and resection margins, tumour volume, and survival time. RESULTS: Well differentiated lesions were significantly more common in the papilla of Vater (n = 15, 44%, p = 0.01) than in the pancreatic head or the common bile duct (n = 20, 19%, and n = 5, 29%, respectively). Only in ampullary lesions did the grade of tumour significantly affect the incidence of other histopathological risk factors (T p = 0.003; nodal status p = 0.01; extramural growth p = 0.0001; tumour volume p = 0.02) and survival time (p = 0.02); no significant correlations were found in cancers of the head of the pancreas or common bile duct. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of grade of tumour between the different sites of origin of resected periampullary cancers. Grade of tumour correlated with T and N classification, tumour volume, extramural growth, and survival only in ampullary lesions.     

A case of obstructive jaundice caused by incarceration of pancreatic stones in the ampulla of papilla Vater

A very rare case of obstructive jaundice caused by the incarceration of pancreatic stones in the ampulla of papilla Vater is reported. A forty-eight-year-old man, who had been taking alcohol daily for 10 years, was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent attacks of upper abdominal pain. Biochemical analysis demonstrated typical pattern of chronic pancreatitis. US, CT and ERCP showed a markedly dilated pancreatic duct and pancreatic calcifications. Cholecystolithiasis, or dilatation of the choledochus was not noted. Conservative treatment was performed under the diagnosis of chronic calcifying pancreatitis for one month. Then, obstructive jaundice, severe epigastralgia, and high fever occurred. Obstructive jaundice with sudden onset and existence of pancreatic stones suggested incarceration of pancreatic stones in the bile duct, and cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The largest pancreatic stone was incarcerated into the ampulla of papilla Vater. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas showed severe chronic pancreatitis. No report of the similar case can be found in the literature. Incarceration of pancreatic stones into biliary system might be very rare, however, should not be forgotten in differential diagnoses of obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis patients.     

Results of radical resection for periampullary cancer.

This report concerns 348 pancreatoduodenectomies, including 13 total pancreatectomies. Operative mortality over 30 years was 15%, operative mortality since 1962, 10%. Precise factors influencing operability, mortality, morbidity, and long-term palliation or cure are emphasized. The necessity for making a distinction among tumors arising in the ampulla of Vater, the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct, and the duodenum surrounding the papilla of Vater and carcinomas arising in the head of the pancreas is the most important factor in the approach to periampullary malignant tumors. Even with this large experience, the impression of the operating surgeon at the time of resection was incorrect in 10% of the patients in whom a reons who do not resect carcinomas arising in the head of the pancreas and who may have had less experience in this specialized field may be rejecting an even larger per cent of patients with more favorable periampullary malignant tumors. The influence of previous exploration, manipulation, and biopsy on morbidity, mortality, and survival is discussed. The significance of nodal involvement and residual tumor at the neck of the pancreas and the point of division of the common bile duct and the uncinate process is discussed. These data justify continued selective application of pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer and identify areas where further improvement can be made.