自体血回输在腰椎后路融合内固定手术中的应用

目的探讨自体血回输技术在腰椎后路融合内固定手术中的应用。方法将64例进行腰椎后路融合内固定手术的患者分为2组,分别于术中实施自体血回输和输异体血的输血治疗,于术前、术后24h监测血红蛋白浓度（Hb）和红细胞压积（HCT）、凝血活酶时间（PT）、部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（TT）,并记录所有病例的术中出血量、术后引流量及输库存血量,实验组还需记录自体血回输量。结果采用自体血回输的33例患者共回输自体血25 770ml,仅部分手术节段多的患者输库存血共2 600ml,而对照组31例患者共输库存血33 000ml。结论在腰椎后路融合内固定手术中应用自体血回输技术能明显节约血源,且安全有效。     

骨科术后伤口引流血液自体回输的临床应用

目的：观察由骨科患者术后伤口引流液中回收洗涤浓缩红细胞的含量和细胞功能的变化,并探讨自体血液再回输的护理方法。方法：选择利用自体血液回输的患者30例,术中使用自体血回输仪,术后将处理后的浓缩红细胞回输给患者。在术前、术中以及术后6 h内,进行血常规和生化检查,并统计学分析。结果：30例患者共回输浓缩血量达6 876 mL,平均每例219 mL,自体血回吸收率为75%,患者术前、术后Hb及Hct比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：术后使用自体血回输仪,及时回收了伤口引流失去的血液,减少术后患者对异体输血的需要量,是安全有效的血液回输技术。     

术中自体血回输方法临床研究进展

自体输血是将患者自己的血液或血液成分采集后在必要时再回输给自己,自体输血是最安全的。目前临床上最常用的自体输血方法有三种,即保存式自体输血、稀释式自体输血和回收式自体输血,回收式自体血回收又分为洗涤式和滤过式两种。术中自体血回输作为一种安全有效的治疗措施也广     

骨科术后伤口渗血回输的时间选择

目的 :选择骨科术后伤口渗血可回输的时间。方法 :收集 2 0例患者术后 2h ,4h ,6h ,12h ,2 4h ,48h伤口渗血及处理血标本 ,检测其血常规、血气分析、细菌培养指标。结果 :术后 6h为明显的时间点 ,在此之前 ,血液质量较高 ,回输后引起的风险较低。术后伤口渗血约 6 0 %集中在术后 6h内 ,伤口渗血中血红蛋白随时间逐渐降低 ,至术后 6h降至 8g·L-1。血小板始终低于正常 ,白细胞早期低于正常 ,术后 6h后反应性升高。处理血的PH值呈酸性 ,渗血和处理血中的血糖都进行性下降 ,渗血和处理血的细菌培养均为阴性 ,渗血中的肿瘤坏死因子术后 6h开始升高。结论 :术后 6h以内的伤口渗血质量较高 ,安全 ,而对术后 6h后的伤口渗血应慎重回输 ,否则有引发凝血疾病、发热及酸中毒的风险     

回输未处理自体血的争议

回收和回输自体血是节约用血的重要措施.回收自体血有两种方法:①简单的回收系统它是术中和术后最古老、最简单的自体血回输方法,包括心胸和整形外科术野和术后引流血的吸引收集,经过简单过滤(＜170μm滤器、抗凝剂(枸橼酸)与血之比1:7),然后再经40μm滤器回输给患者.这种方法称为未处理自体血回输(Autotransfusion of unprocessed blood,AUB).②洗血细胞机系统是将术野血或引流血经离心、清洗加工为洗涤红细胞,然后回输给患者.AUB是否安全有效?它有何优缺点、是否值得推广?     

自体血回输在骨科大手术中的应用

目的探讨术中回收式自体输血技术在骨科大手术中的应用。方法将78例行骨科大手术的患者按随机数字表法分为2组：试验组37例和对照组41例。试验组术中采用自体血回输技术,自体血不足时根据血红蛋白值酌情补充异体血。对照组术中采用常规异体输血。观察2组患者术前,术后1、3、5 d血红蛋白水平的变化及术中、术后失血量及术中输血量（异体、自体）、输血后有无并发症发生等情况。结果试验组患者术中、术后失血量与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）,术中异体输血量明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）,术中自体输血量明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。2组术前,术后1、35、d血红蛋白水平比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。试验组中接受异体输血者出现1例输血后寒战;对照组出现输血后并发症有4例,其中荨麻疹1例,寒战、高热反应3例。结论自体血回输可使需输血的骨科手术患者避免了异体输血带来的潜在危险,且并发症少。     

术中自体血回输在脊柱手术中的应用及对围术期血液指标的影响

目的探讨术中自体血回输（IAT）在脊柱外科大手术中的作用,以及对围手术期血常规和凝血功能指标的影响。方法选取49例接受术中自体血回输的患者为IAT纽,以同期49例常规异体输血手术患者为库血组．比较两组输血量、术后血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（HCT）、血小板（PLT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、纤维蛋白原（Fbg）X．术后并发症等情况。结果IAT组中红细胞回收率为65．60％。术后IAT组49例患者中仅15例加用异体库血输注．回输自体血占总输血量的76．62％,平均异体输血量明显小于库血组,差异有统计学意义（t=69．70,P〈0．05）。IAT组术后第1天Hb、HCT相对术前均有不同程度减少,PT显著延长,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=5．55、5．09、4．51。P均〈0．05）,IAT组术后第3天Hb、PT与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=7。14、5．09,P均〈0．05）;但库血组Hb、PT在术后第3天与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义（t分别=0．77、0．84,P均〉0．05）;IAT组Hb、HCT和胛在术后第7天内亦能较快恢复,与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义（t分别=1.43、0．98、1.12。P均〉0．05）。术后IAT组较库血组并发症少。差异有统计学意义（χ2=4．66,P〈0．05）。结论IAT技术可达到较高红细胞回收率,明显减少异体库2b．用量;术后并发症少,血液和凝血相关指标较快恢复,可安全应用于脊柱外科手术。     

骨科手术病人围术期自体血回输的应用

为了保证骨科手术用血安全 ,我院自 1999年5月至今 ,在骨科术前、术中及术后采取一系列自体血回输的措施 ,包括术前血液的贮备和稀释 ,术中采用自体— 2 0 0 0型血液回收机回收术中出血 ,术后采用血液回收器将引流血回收。达到了充分利用自身血 ,节约血源 ,减少异体输血不良反应的目的 ,收到了满意效果 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料本组病人 12 4例 ,其中男 76例 ,女 4 8例 ,年龄11～ 75岁 ,平均年龄 5 5 2 1岁。其中人工全髋关节置换 2 8例 ,颈、腰椎手术 34例 ,人工股骨头置换17例 ,股骨干骨折固定术 14例 ,胫腓骨及其他骨折…     

术中自体血回输在骨科手术中的临床应用

目的：探讨术中自体血回输在骨科无菌手术中的临床意义和使用安全性。方法：1998年11月－2000年11月对48例全髋关节置换和脊柱手术的患者进行前瞻性研究，分为实验组（A）和对照组（B），A组24例采用术中自体血回输，B组采用常规输库存血，记录回输的血量，并发症以及红细胞，血红蛋白，红细胞压积的变化。结果：A组术中自体血回输共9．926ml，占总输血量86．1％，平均每人413．6ml，无血血反应，较B组人均输库血量减少83．3％，A，B两组手术后7d细胞，血红蛋白，红细胞压积差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。结论：术中自体血回输是骨科手术安全有效补充失血的方法，对减少输库存血的机会具有临床意义。     

腰椎后路融合手术术中自体血回输对患者的影响

目的探讨术中自体血回输对腰椎后路融合术患者术后血红蛋白变化以及住院时间的影响。方法将2002年1月-2005年12月122例行腰椎后路内固定并接受输血的患者分为实验组(66例)和对照组(56例),实验组采用术中自体血回收,对照组使用异体输血。比较2组病例的术中失血量、术后引流量、异体输血量、术后血红蛋白值和影响住院时间的因素,以及输血后并发症发生率。结果实验组患者平均输入异体血170ml,对照组患者平均输入异体血615ml,2组间有显著性差异(P<0.05);2组术后各时间点的血红蛋白值无显著性差异(P>0.05);2组患者住院时间无显著性差异(P>0.05),内固定节段数目与住院时间有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组1例患者术后出现菌血症,对照组中4例出现输血过敏反应。结论采用自体血回输技术对患者术后血红蛋白变化及住院时间无明显影响,可以防止脊柱融合手术时因输各种异体血引发的并发症发生。     

Autologous placental blood transfusion after a planned neonatal pacemaker implantation

A fetal third-degree atrio-ventricular block was diagnosed in a 22-year-old woman at 24 weeks of gestation. During clinical follow-up a mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation was detected at 35 weeks and maternal connective tissue diseases were excluded. Early postnatal cardiac pacing therapy was planned and autologous placental blood transfusion was proposed for the treatment of probable blood loss due to pacemaker implantation. A male infant was delivered at 38 weeks vaginally and 87 mL of placental blood was collected from the undelivered placenta. The placental blood was negative for viral markers and syphilis. Subsequent tests for bacteriological cultures were also negative. Within 6 h of delivery, the baby underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation and received 45 mL of autologous placental blood. Autologous placental blood transfusion was successfully used for the treatment of predicted blood loss after a planned neonatal surgical procedure.     

Efficacy, safety and user-friendliness of two devices for postoperative autologous shed red blood cell re-infusion in elective orthopaedic surgery patients: A randomized pilot study

To determine the safety, efficacy and user-friendliness of two different postoperative autologous blood re-infusion systems, an open, randomized, controlled study was performed. Eligible consecutive primary and revision total hip and knee replacement patients were randomized for one of the two systems or for a control group in which shed blood was not re-infused. The nursing staff scored user-friendliness. Patients were monitored after re-infusion. In all three patient groups, a restrictive transfusion trigger was used. Sixty-nine of 70 randomized patients were evaluated. Ease of use, efficacy and safety of both re-infusion systems were comparable. There was no difference in allogeneic blood use between the groups. Thirty per cent of the patients re-infused with autologous blood developed a mainly mild, febrile transfusion reaction. No other adverse reactions were seen. Signs of coagulopathy after re-infusion were not found. In multivariate analysis, autologous re-infusion was an independent factor associated with a shorter hospital stay. Both postoperative autologous blood re-infusion systems were of equal efficacy and safety. The contribution of autologous wound blood re-infusion to reduce allogeneic transfusions must be investigated in a larger study.     

Autologous blood transfusion in radical hysterectomy

Summary. The application of a hospital-based presurgical autologous blood deposit programme to support of radical hysterectomy is described over 4 years (1991–95), during which 48 patients participated in the autologous blood programme, and 63 did not to do so. All but one of the autologous donors received autologous blood but only two received allogeneic blood. Forty-three of the autologous nondonors received no transfusion and 20 received allogeneic blood. These differences are highly significant.
For the 48 autologous donors, 91% of the blood requested was collected, and of that 91% was used, for a 'wastage' rate of 9%. The mean blood use was significantly greater in the autologous donors. Blood loss was not significantly different between the two groups.
The data confirm the validity of the autologous blood order schedule of 2 units for radical hysterectomy.     

A controlled trial of intra-operative autologous transfusion in cardiothoracic surgery measuring effect on transfusion requirements and clinical outcome

We carried out a prospective, controlled trial of intra-operative autologous transfusion (IOAT) in cardiac surgery using the Haemonetics Cellsaver 4, to determine the effects on transfusion requirements and early clinical outcome. Intra-operative autologous transfusion in unselected patients resulted in a reduction in the use of red cells in patients undergoing first-time operations (IOAT median 3 units, controls median 4 units, P = 0.0023), with no difference in the use of other blood products. Post-operative haemoglobin was higher in IOAT patients (IOAT 11.6 g/dl +/- 1.1 versus controls 11.2 g/dl +/- 0.98, P < 0.001). There is therefore the potential for a further reduction in homologous blood use in the IOAT group. There was no difference in early clinical outcome in the two groups; in particular the incidence of coagulopathies was not influenced by IOAT. The routine use of IOAT would add substantially to the cost of these operations. The decision to use it must therefore be based on an assessment of the value of the reduction in risk to the patient achieved by a small reduction in homologous donor exposures.     

自体血液回输技术的临床应用

目的探讨术中自体血液回输的安全性和效果．方法用自体血液回收机将术野出血回收，经抗凝、过滤、清洗、浓缩后回输。抽取术前静脉血、术中回收血、术后静脉血，进行血常规化验、血液生化检验和血浆电解质检查。结果30例患者平均每例回收原血1028ml，经血液回收机处理后获得浓缩血532ml，均回输给病人。术后血常规、多项血生化检查及血浆电解质检查结果变化不明显。结论自体血液回收机能有效减少术中血液的丢失，减少输血后的并发症及不良反应。     

Safety and efficacy of unmodified whole blood vs. buffy coat-depleted red cell concentrates in autologous transfusion of elective orthopaedic surgery patients

Storing autologous blood as whole blood (WB) has been proposed for increasing the cost-effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation programmes. However, experimental data suggest that autologous leucocytes might lead to immunomodulation similar to the effect attributed to allogeneic leucocytes. In a retrospective analysis, the postoperative outcome of 120 patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery and having donated up to two units of autologous WB (AWB) was compared with that of a control group of 52 patients, whose autologous donation had been processed into buffy coat-depleted red cell concentrates (RCC). At least one autologous unit, but no allogeneic units, had been transfused in all analysed patients. Donation schemes were equally efficacious in both groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative infection rates between the two groups. Overall rates were 7.7% in the RCC group and 8.3% in the WB group. Surgical, thromboembolic and other recorded complications, length of postoperative hospital stay and days of the use of antibiotics were also not significantly different between the two groups. The results of this study suggest that transfusion of up to two units of unmodified AWB is as efficacious as the transfusion of autologous RCC and does not negatively influence the postoperative outcome in elective orthopaedic surgery.     

Combined use of autologous transfusion techniques to avoid allogeneic transfusion in spinal fusion surgery with instrumentation

This study conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 321 patients to delineate the efficacy of the combined use of autologous transfusion (AT) techniques. Transfusion profiles between an AT and homologous transfusion (HT) group were compared. A much lower proportion of patients were exposed to allogeneic blood in the AT group (13%) than in the HT group (98%, p<0.001). In the AT group, a significantly smaller proportion of patients were exposed to allogeneic blood in patients transfused with three or four AT techniques (8%) than those with one or two techniques (29%, p<0.05). A febrile reaction (11% of patients) after a reinfusion of post-operatively shed blood was the only side effect associated with an AT. In conclusion, an AT is effective for preventing the exposure of allogeneic blood in spinal fusion surgery. The combined use of multiple AT techniques may further improve its efficacy.     

Lumbar spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula with perimedullary venous drainage after endoscopic lumbar surgery

Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) with perimedullary venous drainage are rare. This report describes a case of lumbar epidural AVF in a patient with a history of endoscopic lumbar discectomy at the same level 8 years prior to presenting with progressive myelopathy secondary to retrograde venous reflux into the perimedullary vein. A 69-year-old man presented with progressive lower extremity weakness and sensory disturbance and loss of sphincter control 8 years after endoscopic lumbar discectomy for a disc herniation at L4–5 level. Magnetic resonance imaging showed spinal cord edema and dilated intradural perimedullary vessels. Spinal angiography revealed an epidural AVF at the site of the previous endoscopic lumbar surgery with intradural perimedullary venous drainage. The fistula was successfully occluded via endovascular transarterial embolization, and the patient had stabilization of his neurological deficits. Lumbar spinal epidural AVFs, especially those associated with iatrogenic trauma, are rare. Endoscopic surgical procedure can occlude the epidural venous plexus and disturb venous drainage, thereby inducing local venous hypertension and leading to epidural AVF with perimedullary venous drainage. This type of pathology should be considered within the differential diagnosis of delayed neurological deterioration after spinal surgery.