老年人与青年人价值观的相似性及其知觉准确度

目的 探讨老年人与青年人价值观的相似性以及老年人与青年人对对方价值观的知觉准确度.方法 运用价值观量表对576名老年人和青年人的价值观进行了调查.结果 老年人与青年人价值观因素结构的整体相合系数为0.85,青年人对老年人价值观结构的知觉准确度略高于老年人但不明显,他们都能比较准确地知觉出对方的价值观,但所知觉的价值观差异远高于实际差异.结论 老年人与青年人之间的相似性多于相异性,他们都能比较准确地了解对方,但却夸大了彼此之间的差异,提示应将着眼点放在老年人与青年人之间的共同点上以促进代际和谐.     

老年人与青年人风险决策比较

目的基于双系统模型考察老年人与青年人的风险决策差异。方法选取120名老年与青年被试,采用哥伦比亚卡片任务(CCT)"冷"版本和"热"版本作为风险决策考察任务。结果个体在不同任务类型下的风险决策差异显著(P<0.001);在"热"CCT下,老年人与青年人的风险决策差异显著(P<0.05),在"冷"CCT下,二者之间差异不显著;此外,老年人与青年人的计算能力差异显著(P<0.01)。结论 (1)在情感加工作用下,老年人比青年人更倾向于风险规避;(2)在审议加工作用下,老年人与青年人的风险决策无差异,但前者的情绪状态更稳定。     

青年人和老年人胃癌及癌旁组织p53 PCNA ER PR表达及病理因素对比研究

目的：对青年人和老年人的胃癌及癌旁组织进行p53、PCNA、ER、PR表达的对比研究，以便明确青年人胃癌和老年人胃癌发生和发展的部分分子机制之间的差异，并分析其与胃癌的临床病理指标之间的关系，为临床的诊断和治疗提供依据。方法：用免疫组织化学S-P法研究45例胃癌患者的手术标本，其中青年人患者(≤35岁)20例，老年人患者(≥60岁)25例。观察胃癌及癌旁组织的p53、PCNA、ER、PR的表达和临床病理特点，并进行分析。结果：p53和PCNA在青年人和老年人胃癌和癌旁组织中的阳性表达率和表达强度差异无统计学意义。但p53在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率无论是在青年人还是老年人患者中均明显高于癌旁组织，差异有显著性。ER、PR在胃癌和癌旁组织中几乎不表达。在60岁或以上的老年人患者中，男性患者占大多数并且胃癌的分化相对较好。35岁以下的青年人患者中女性患者占多数并且分化程度较差。老年人较青年人胃癌的癌旁组织中有着更多更严重的癌前病变共存。结论：青年人胃癌和老年人胃癌及癌旁组织有着不同的临床病理特点，因此在诊断和治疗上应区别对待。p53的检测有助于判断胃内病变的良恶性质，特别是在青年人患者。PCNA可以作为判断胃癌患者预后的较好指标。     

吉林地区老年人ACE基因多态性频率的分布

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性在吉林地区正常老年人群中的分布.方法 利用PCR两步法对502例吉林地区正常人进行ACE I/D基因型的分析比较, 其中青年人(＜35岁)183例,男134例,女49例,老年人(＞65岁)319例,男290例,女29例.结果 吉林地区青年人的ACE I/D基因型分布是:II型45.36%、ID型46.44%、DD型8.20%.在老年人群中的分布频率分别为36.36%、51.41%、12.23%.经χ2检验其中II型在老年人与青年人中的分布差异有统计学意义.即在老年人中II基因型较少,ID、DD型在青年人与老年人之间的分布无显著差异. 结论 ACE基因多态性II型在老年人中的分布较青年人少,DD型在老年人中虽有增高趋势,但无统计学意义.     

代际支持对农村老年人健康自评的影响研究

目的 探讨中国农村老年人与子女间的代际支持对老年人的健康自评状况的影响。方法 采用Logistic回归模型，利用安徽省巢湖市进行的“安徽省老年人生活福利状况”抽样调查数据，从经济支持、生活照料和情感支持的代际间的双向交流，分析了代际支持对中国农村老年人健康自评状况的影响。结果 来自子女的经济支持和老年人对子女的经济支持都对老年人的健康自评状况有积极影响。但子女对老年人的生活照料和老人向子女提供生活照料对老年人的健康自我评价没有影响作用。而代际间的情感交流能够改善老年人的健康自评状况。结论 促进老年人的家庭和睦和代际交流，有助于改善老年人的心理福利和健康状况。     

门诊老年患者心电图临床分析

目的探讨老年人心电图临床特点，从心电图指标中探讨人群心脏改变规律。方法采用随机对照方法比较分析1000例老年及青年人非心血管病症门诊患者心电图异常表现。结果两组人群心电图在异常心电图、室上性早搏、窦性心动过缓、束支传导阻滞、ST-T改变、心电轴偏移差异有显著性，老年人心电图更为复杂多样。结论老年患者心电图显著差于青年人，对非心血管疾病患者进行常规心电图检查有助于早期发现心脏病变。     

代际关系:老年心理健康研究的新视角

健康老龄化是WHO提出的一个战略目标,也是我国老年心理学的工作目标.随着经济发展和人口老龄化,老年人的心理健康问题引起了社会的广泛关注.心理学家、社会学家等从不同视角研究老年人心理健康,如教育程度、健康状况、生活方式对实现健康老龄化至关重要[1];性别、职业也是影响老人心理健康的因素[2];经济压力、与子女关系和老人心理健康存在显著相关[3].代际关系通常是指老年人和青年人,如家中祖父辈、父辈与儿女或孙辈之间的关系.     

相同生活背景下老年人心理健康的性别差异及年龄相关变化

目的以老年大学学员为主要对象,考查在基本相同生活背景下老年人心理健康的性别差异,以及与大学生相比的年龄差异。方法对96名老年人和98名大学生进行心理健康量表(PWB)施测。结果在具有基本相同的生活背景时,女性老年人心理健康水平优于男性老年人。相对于年轻人,老年大学学员比大学生具有更强的自主性、更清晰的生活目标、更有效的环境掌握能力。与同性别大学生相比,女性老年人心理健康又比男性老年人有更大幅度的提高。结论支持了老年心理健康性别差异的危险因素暴露说,当危险因素得到控制后,老年心理健康水平的性别差异将减小或消失。     

老年人胃癌与青年人胃癌临床对比分析

目的　研究老年人胃癌与青年人胃癌的特点及异同点 ,为早发现、早诊断和早治疗提供依据。方法　对老年人及青年人胃癌进行详细问诊、体检、内镜检查及组织学检查 ,对结果分析。结果　老年组与青年组 ,男性均多于女性 ,但青年组性别差异相对小 ,腹痛是两组的共同点 ,但消化不良和体重下降老年人明显多于青年人 (P <0 0 1) ,老年人胃癌以胃底贲门部多 ,青年人以胃窦部多 (P <0 0 1) ,青年人胃癌恶性程度高、分化差、进展快。老年人则分化相对较好、恶性程度相对较低。结论　老年人胃癌与青年人胃癌在性别、临床、内镜和组织病理上都有不同之处 ,应根据这些特点力争做到早发现、早诊断及早治疗。     

健康老年人可溶性白细胞介素－2受体的研究

健康老年人可溶性白细胞介素－２受体的研究沈吕南许以平朱银鹰张海玲王青兰傅敏华对健康老年和青年人分别进行可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）检测，并与植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）皮试进行比较，以了解老年人免疫衰退的机理。一、对象健康老年人：于１９９３年１２...     

Perception of postural limits in elderly nursing home and day care participants

This study explored whether, when compared to young community-dwelling individuals, elderly nursing home and day care participants have less accurate perceptions of their postural stability borders (postural limits). Subjects estimated their performance before executing maximum forward reaches while maintaining the feet stationary. Whereas young subjects tended to underestimate their reaching limits, elderly subjects displayed no significant difference between estimated and actual values. Furthermore, errors in estimated reach limits associated with reaching ability, with less-able reachers tending to more greatly overestimate their abilities. This suggests that elderly nursing home and day care participants, and especially those with impaired postural limits, lack the potential "safety factor" observed in young subjects of underestimating their stability borders. Therefore, the link between decreased postural limits and falls in older persons may in part be due to lack of awareness of such declines, and the resulting tendency to plan movements which create loss of balance.     

Intergenerational Communication Satisfaction and Age Boundaries in Bulgaria and the United States

This paper examines Bulgarian and American young adults’ perceptions of prior experiences of intergenerational communication. Irrespective of culture, as age of target increased from young adult to middle-aged and elderly adult, so did attributions of benevolence, norms of politeness and deference, and communicative respect and avoidance; conversely, attributions of personal vitality and communication satisfaction decreased linearly. However, American youth reported more of a tendency to avoid, but expressed more respect when communicating with, older adults than their Bulgarian counterparts. In both settings, young adults’ avoidant communication with older people negatively, and the norm of politeness positively, predicted intergenerational communication satisfaction. In Bulgaria only, age stereotypes also predicted communication satisfaction whereas only in the USA was communicative respect a predictor.     

Safety and security of older persons in Tehran, Iran: a sociological appraisal of elder abuse

The article explores and evaluates the quality of life, safety, and security of elderly people in Tehran City in Iran. In that, different dimensions of material and social well-being, and abuse of people of the age 65 and above, are assessed. Besides the human rights, the dignity, and the gradual decline of the elderly's social security are reflected. The research also aims to study the elder age-groups in order to find out how these people gradually lose their physical and mental reliance, and as a result, how their dependence on others and various services enhances. The method of research mainly being empirical, it is preceded by theoretical and literature review. Five hundred elderly people were randomly selected for the study. Findings suggest that the aging pyramid shrinks and narrows at the age of 65 or even before in the present study. Research reached the conclusion that the young elderly with new needs and expectations are highly different from those of their pervious generations.     

Healthcare services for Japanese elderly long-staying in Thailand from the perspective of the patient and healthcare providers: A survey study

Long-stay refers to a long visit abroad by retired middle-aged and older people. This study describes the attitudes/opinions of elderly Japanese long-staying subjects and healthcare providers in Thailand. Two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were conducted in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Questionnaires were sent to a sample recruited from a self-help group of Japanese elders in Thailand (n = 68) and to Thai healthcare providers (n = 101). About half of the Japanese subjects routinely used a Thai medical service, although only 15% had been admitted to the hospital. Half of the Japanese subjects thought the quality of Thai medical services was high. Many elderly Japanese subjects were unable to speak either English or Thai, leading to communication difficulties. About 80% of healthcare professionals found no difference between caring for elderly Japanese subjects and people from Thailand. Most healthcare providers agreed that Japanese language training should be available to medical staff as translators were not always available. Healthcare providers agreed with the Thai government policy promoting long-stays. The most recognized obstacle in caring for Japanese long-stay elderly was the language barrier. More research on Japanese elders staying abroad is needed to promote effective communication between Japanese elderly and other ethnic healthcare professionals.     

新疆16～25岁青年生活技能干预试点效果调查

目的通过在新疆伊宁市和喀什市开展试点,深入了解和接触处于不利环境影响的青年人群,培养和促进青年人积极健康的行为。方法选择伊宁市和喀什市3个乡镇的1013名16～25岁青年作为研究对象,实施干预措施,改善生活技能,采用定性及定量研究方法,对干预前后相近样本的调查访谈结果进行分析。结果吸烟状况、基线调查和干预结果调查没有统计学差异（χ^2=5.244,P〉0.05）;饮酒状况和滥用毒品触发的问题,其结果调查和基线调查有统计学差异（χ^2=12.047,χ^2=37.957,P〈0.05）;就与性相关的态度、知识和行为以及艾滋病预防相关知识,结果调查与基线调查之间没有统计学差异（χ^2=24.361,P〈0.05）。结论以社区为基础的综合干预措施,可以有效地改变青年人的态度、观念和知识;有效的教育项目可提高青年人的自我意识、成功的人际交流和恰当的决策能力,本质上起到促进心理健康的重要作用。     

The effect of propranolol on the functional condition of the central and autonomic nervous system in persons of various ages

The effect of propranolol (0.6 mg/kg b.w.) on the functional state of the central and vegetative nervous system was studied in 60 apparently healthy of different age by means of electroencephalography and spectral analysis of the cardiac rhythm. In the young subjects propranolol produced inhibitory effects on the central nervous system, while in the elderly and very elderly subjects it was predominantly an activating one. The elderly versus young subjects showed a more marked impairment of the sympathetic effects on the cardiac rhythm due to propranolol administration. It was a characteristic feature of propranolol action to display a disaccord between its effects on the central nervous system and vegetative control of the cardiac rhythm in the very elderly people.     

Circadian changes of ambulatory blood pressure in an unselected population

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring does not interfere with the night-time blood pressure and heart rate reduction, typical haemodynamic effects of sleep. An unselected population of 186 subjects was split into quartiles by age to assess the age related changes in 24-h blood pressure profile. From ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data we calculated day-time and night-time blood pressure and heart rate average values, as well as their percent difference. Results show that there is no difference with regard to nocturnal heart rate reduction (on average, 15%) between age groups or sexes, whereas nocturnal blood pressure reduction (on average, 10%) is significantly lower in elderly males, but not females, when compared with young people. This flat 24-h blood pressure profile is associated with hypertension. Circadian changes of ambulatory blood pressure are very different in elderly hypertensive men and provide a marker of diffuse arterial damage.     

Children's attitudes toward elderly individuals: a comparison of two ethnic groups

The present study investigated the attitudes of Indian and American children toward elderly people. The "Children's Attitudes Toward the Elderly" questionnaire was used to measure how children perceived elderly people. Chi-square analyses indicated that children of Indian origin gave behavioral responses more often than affective or cognitive ones, while American children were more affective in their responses to questions about their interactions with elderly individuals. The results indicated that Indian children though born and raised in America were encouraged to follow the traditional values of their families' culture. Further research should include actual observations of children from different ethnic backgrounds interacting with elderly people.     

751例老年消化性溃疡患者的致病危险因素与临床特征

目的探讨老年消化性溃疡患者的致病危险因素和临床特征。方法选取徐州市第一人民医院2006年2月-2014年5月收治的老年消化性溃疡患者751例和同期治疗的846例中青年消化性溃疡患者,对两组患者消化性溃疡的影响因素、临床表现、并发症及伴发病症、溃疡发生部位和溃疡大小进行回顾性对比分析。结果两组患者的饮酒、抑郁、非甾体抗炎药使用情况之间相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而抽烟和H.pylori感染差异无统计学意义(P0.05);老年组消化性溃疡并发的上消化道出血、基础性疾病所占比例显著多于中青年组(P0.01);老年组患者典型症状发生率为4.53%,显著低于中青年组,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);溃疡主要发生在胃部的老年组患者(63.65%)明显多于中青年组患者(30.26%);溃疡直径≥2 cm的老年患者为11.05%,显著多于中青年组(P0.01)。结论老年消化性溃疡患者有自身特点,临床表现不够典型,发生部位转移向高位,临床治疗应引起重视。     

Perceived elderly traits and young people's helping tendencies in the U.S., Ireland, Nigeria & Brazil

The traits young people (undergraduates) in the U.S., Ireland, Nigeria, andBrazil attribute to elderly people had implications on their tendencies tohelp or not to help them. Traits were classified as either ``attractive' or``unattractive' and they fell under Positive Personal, PositiveInterpersonal, and Positive Need on the one hand, and Negative Personal,Negative Interpersonal, and Negative Need on the other. The ``attractive'elderly traits were more likely to influence young people's tendency to helpelderly persons and elderly parents in both Western (the U.S.A. andIreland) and non-Western societies (Nigeria and Brazil) societies. Although``unattractive' traits did not prevent young people from desiring to helptheir elderly parents in both Western and non-Western societies, it didhave a strong influence in their tendency to not help the elderly.The results were discussed within the frame-work ofindividualism/collectivism, with suggestion made for future research.