数据仓库在脑功能成像中的应用

本文从神经信息学的角度出发,分析了脑功能成像数据的特点,给出了用数据仓库建立脑功能成像数据模型的方案.探讨了该数据仓库的总体框架、数据抽取、维度和事件的建立方法,以及其在神经信息学研究中的应用.     

脑功能成像与针刺研究

传统的CT和MRI成像技术仅能提供人体形态学信息，而脑功能成像技术则可用于检测脑功能的变化，这种功能性神经成像技术的出现和应用，为针刺的临床和基础研究提供了一种新的手段.近年来，国内外学者采用脑功能成像技术进行针刺研究的报道日渐增多，现对此领域的研究情况概述如下。     

2型糖尿病认知障碍的静息态脑功能研究进展

糖尿病是一种血糖慢性增高的代谢性疾病,是认知功能损伤的危险因素.认知障碍在2型糖尿病患者中的发病风险远高于正常人,其发病机制和影响因素尚不明确.目前,多种功能性磁共振技术已经在脑神经科学的研究中得到广泛应用,尤其静息态功能磁共振成像(resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,rs-fMRI)技术,具有无电离辐射,图像空间分辨率高的优势.本文通过介绍rs-fMRI相关的数据研究方法 和手段,综述2型糖尿病患者出现认知损伤的静息态磁共振成像的研究结果 和进展.     

中医脑病神经信息的多维性与技术特征

该文结合神经信息学的发展,初步阐述了中医脑病神经信息学的定义、研究内容、目标,主要分析了中医脑病信息的多维性,认为中医脑病具有多层次、多环节的生理特点和不同的演变规律以及多层次治疗的特点;阐述了脑成像、蛋白质组与基因组技术、部位多导阵列微电极技术的特征,认为多种方法与技术的结合,即微观静态结构与宏观动态功能的结合,高通量信息收集与网络分析的结合,局部解析与整体系统分析的结合,线形分析与复杂性理论结合,是未来中医脑病神经信息学发展的趋势.     

CFT-PET脑功能成像标准模板的制作与验证

目的 制作CFT-PET脑功能成像标准模板,以便使用统计参数图(SPM)进行统计分析.方法 对11例晚期帕金森病(PD)患者、10名正常人进行CFT-PET显像.用10名正常人的显像数据制作标准模板,并用PD组的数据验证标准模板的可用性.结果 SPM分析结果显示,相对于正常对照组,PD组纹状体两侧仅出现多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT)降低区域,且PD组纹状体受损重的一侧DAT降低区域大于对侧,分析结果证明了模板的可用性.结论 采用本文方法制作的脑功能成像标准模板能够成功分析CFT-PET的成像数据,SPM为一种准确客观的统计分析方法.     

磁共振成像在脑胶质瘤中的应用及进展

脑胶质瘤是最常见的脑内肿瘤,严重威胁着人类的健康和生存,一直是医学领域研究的热点.磁共振成像(MRI)的应用,特别是MRI功能分子成像技术的出现,为脑胶质瘤的诊断、分级和预后评估、疗效评价发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文就目前MRI在脑胶质瘤中的应用现状及进展作简要介绍.     

神经精神疾病的功能磁共振成像研究进展

脑功能磁共振成像(fMRI)能在活体人脑定位各功能脑区,研究脑的功能连接.本文基于任务态和静息态的应用模式,自局部脑区功能活动、脑区间功能连接及脑功能网络层面,综述了脑功能磁共振成像在神经精神疾病发病机制、诊断、治疗及预后等方面的临床研究现状.今后需进行多学科、多方法 相结合的纵向研究,探索神经精神疾病特异的功能影像学...     

脑功能磁共振的研究及应用

脑成像已经成为脑科学研究的重要手段,功能磁共振作为一种新的成像手段具有高分辨率、高精确度、非侵袭性、无须注射对比剂、可同时获得脑的解剖与功能影像等特点而被广泛用于脑的实验研究和临床应用。现就fMRI的成像原理技术、正常皮层中枢功能和在相关疾病中的研究、应用作以综述。     

以SPIO为增强对比剂的脑功能MRI原理和应用

近年,以SPIO(超顺磁性氧化铁)为增强对比剂的功能MRI在生物医学神经成像研究领域被广泛应用,该技术主要探测脑功能活动引起的CBV(脑血体积)的改变,并且在成像技术上具有提高CNR(比噪比)和屏蔽血管伪影的显著优势。本文从原理、研究特点、实验方法和应用等方面介绍了该技术的发展近况。     

针刺脑功能成像的实验设计

脑功能成像技术是近代神经科学领域的一大革命,由于其具有的无创性、整体性、功能成像与结构成像相结合的优点符合针灸、经络的整体性、功能性的特点而越来越多地应用于针灸和经络研究。此类研究,实验设计是否严谨直接决定了实验结果的可信度,这就要求研究者不仅要遵循实验研究中统计学的一般原则———对照、随机、重复,还要注意各种脑功能成像技术和针刺的特点,对实验进行周密设计。1应用于针刺脑功能成像研究的常用技术及选择方法1.1正电子发射计算机断层摄影术(positronemissionto鄄mography,PET)是利用发射正电子的短半衰期放射性核…     

Vulnerable populations in neuroscience nursing research.

Patients with neuroscience problems offer a wealth of data that can be collected as part of a research study. However, these patients are vulnerable to misunderstanding research purposes and procedures. They are also at risk for feeling pressured to participate in a study if they think it will make them recover or survive. In many instances, these neuroscience problems are devastating and even life-threatening. Because of the vulnerability of these patients, it is the responsibility of the neuroscience nurse to care for and also protect these patients. Therefore, it is incumbent upon nursing personnel to protect these vulnerable patients when they participate in nursing research studies.     

The neuroscience nursing 2005 role delineation study: implications for certification.

A task force appointed by the American Board of Neuroscience Nursing conducted a role delineation study to define current practice in neuroscience nursing. The results were used to validate the content matrix for future Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) examinations. The study employed a survey design for which the Nursing Intervention Classification taxonomy was the guiding theoretical framework. The eligible sample included all current CNRNs and all members of the American Association of Neuroscience Nursing. An invitation to participate in an online survey was successfully emailed to 2,462 neuroscience nurses; the survey was completed by 477 respondents. They rated the performance and importance of 175 neuroscience nursing activities. On the basis of data analysis conducted by Schroeder Measurement Technologies, Inc., the task force recommended revisions to the CNRN examination matrix to reflect current practice in neuroscience nursing.     

Neuroscience nursing: designing the research proposal

Writing a research proposal for a neuroscience nursing research project is much the same as writing a proposal for any other kind of research project. The same information is included in all proposals. Differences for the neuroscience nurse researcher include the nature of problems investigated (effects of various nursing care strategies on intracranial pressure, for example) and the nature of the target population, many of whom are cognitively impaired, very ill or both. More time may be involved in the collection of data from neurologically impaired persons than from normal persons.     

The role of the advanced practice nurse in neuroscience nursing: results of the 2006 AANN membership survey.

The need for a scope of practice for advanced practice neuroscience nurses was identified by the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses (AANN) in 2006. A task force consisting of advanced practice nurses (nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists) was commissioned by AANN and charged with the development of the document. Current information regarding the practices of advanced practice neuroscience nurses was needed as the task force began to develop this document. To best obtain this information, an electronic survey was created and distributed to advanced practice nurses within the AANN database. The survey questions included basic demographic data and sought information regarding activities and procedures performed by the advanced practice nurse. The results of this survey clearly reflect the diversity in practice and the integral role advanced practice neuroscience nurses play in the management of patients' care.     

Computational neuroergonomics

Neuroergonomics merges neuroscience and ergonomics for the study of brain and behavior in natural and naturalistic settings. Together with the rapid development of neuroergonomics concepts, technologies, and related data, there is an urgent need to develop computational models of neuroergonomics that can help integrate and interpret empirical findings and make predictions for scientific research and practical application. This article discusses the relationship between computational neuroscience and computational neuroergonomics, and describes a queuing network based computational neuroergonomic architecture and its applications. These discussions illustrate the mission and challenges of computational neuroergonomics and future research needs.     

Nursing staff perspectives on oral care for neuroscience patients.

Neuroscience patients frequently experience poor oral health and related complications because of motor and cognitive dysfunction and the side effects of treatments. Inadequate oral care increases plaque deposits, which can lead to inflammation, pain, and infection. These patients often depend on nurses for oral hygiene. In practice, nurses frequently delegate the delivery of oral care to unlicensed personnel, including nursing assistants, technicians, and student nurses. Few studies have addressed oral care interventions for neuroscience patients. This article identifies oral care interventions practiced by nurses and unlicensed personnel caring for neuroscience patients with self-care deficits. An investigator-designed survey instrument was used to obtain data from nurses and unlicensed personnel working with neuroscience patients in a large hospital. Participants responded to questions about products and agents used in care, frequency of care, documentation of care, patient risk factors, and system support issues such as availability of supplies. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions. Findings demonstrated that selection of products and agents used for oral care is not always evidence based, that provider preference leads to variations in type and frequency of care, and that system issues affect care. These findings suggest the need for increased attention to oral care for neuroscience patients. Research is needed to further examine the relationship between oral care interventions and patient outcomes.     

小动物脑功能磁共振成像研究进展

本文主要介绍血氧水平依赖的小动物脑功能磁共振成像的研究条件、范围和研究方法,并简述小动物在发展非血氧水平依赖功能磁共振技术中所起的作用。尽管小动物脑磁共振成像研究受到麻醉等条件的限制,这项研究已经在神经科学及神经药理学范围作出了诸多贡献,并受到越来越多的重视。     

Written Pain Neuroscience Education in Fibromyalgia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Mounting evidence supports the use of face‐to‐face pain neuroscience education for the treatment of chronic pain patients. This study aimed at examining whether written education about pain neuroscience improves illness perceptions, catastrophizing, and health status in patients with fibromyalgia. A double‐blind, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial with 6‐month follow‐up was conducted. Patients with FM (n = 114) that consented to participate were randomly allocated to receive either written pain neuroscience education or written relaxation training. Written pain neuroscience education comprised of a booklet with pain neuroscience education plus a telephone call to clarify any difficulties; the relaxation group received a booklet with relaxation education and a telephone call. The revised illness perception questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and fibromyalgia impact questionnaire were used as outcome measures. Both patients and assessors were blinded. Repeated‐measures analyses with last observation carried forward principle were performed. Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were calculated for all within‐group changes and between‐group differences. The results reveal that written pain neuroscience education does not change the impact of FM on daily life, catastrophizing, or perceived symptoms of patients with FM. Compared with written relaxation training, written pain neuroscience education improved beliefs in a chronic timeline of FM (P = 0.03; ES = 0.50), but it does not impact upon other domains of illness perceptions. Compared with written relaxation training, written pain neuroscience education slightly improved illness perceptions of patients with FM, but it did not impart clinically meaningful effects on pain, catastrophizing, or the impact of FM on daily life. Face‐to‐face sessions of pain neuroscience education are required to change inappropriate cognitions and perceived health in patients with FM.     

Gizmos and gadgets for the neuroscience intensive care unit.

Managing the critical neuroscience patient population challenges practitioners because of both the devastating injury involved and the complexity of care required. Emerging technology provides the neuroscience intensive care unit team with better information on the intricate physiology and dynamics inside the cranium. In particular, the team is better able to detect changes in pressure, oxygen, and blood flow. With improved data in hand, the team can intervene to optimize intracranial dynamics, possibly reducing disability and death among such patients.