功能性敷料促进供皮区创面愈合的临床研究

目的:观察功能性敷料对供皮区创面愈合的作用。方法:对48例患者行大腿外取皮,将供皮区创面分为治疗组即用功能性敷料覆盖及对照组即用凡士林纱布覆盖,分别观察治疗组和对照组供皮区创面的愈合时间。结果:创面愈合的平均时间,治疗组为(9.2±1.2)天,对照组为(13.3±2.6)天,两者比较P<0.01差异有显著意义。结论:功能性敷料能促进供皮区创面的愈合。     

纳米银敷料在中厚皮片供皮区的应用研究

烧伤整形外科中中厚皮片供皮区传统的处理方法是覆盖无菌凡士林纱布,感染发生率高,换药时疼痛明显。我们选用纳米银敷料覆盖供皮区创面,效果满意.报告如下。     

湿性敷料促进供皮区创面愈合的临床研究

目的　观察湿性敷料对供皮区创面愈合的作用。方法　对 4 2例患者行大腿外取皮 ,将供皮区创面分为治疗组即用湿性敷料覆盖及对照组即用凡士林纱布覆盖 ,分别观察治疗组和对照组供皮区创面的愈合时间。结果　创面愈合的平均时间 ,治疗组为 (10 .2± 2 .7)天 ,对照组为 (12 .4± 1.5 )天 ,两者比较P <0 .0 1差异有显著意义。结论　湿性敷料能促进供皮区创面的愈合。     

湿性敷料促进供皮区创面愈合的临床研究

目的观察湿性敷料对供皮区创面愈合的作用.方法对42例患者行大腿外取皮,将供皮区创面分为治疗组即用湿性敷料覆盖及对照组即用凡士林纱布覆盖,分别观察治疗组和对照组供皮区创面的愈合时间.结果创面愈合的平均时间,治疗组为(10.2±2.7)天,对照组为(12.4±1.5)天,两者比较P＜0.01差异有显著意义.结论湿性敷料能促进供皮区创面的愈合.     

人组织工程全层皮肤在烧伤创面中厚供皮区的应用

目的观察人组织工程全层皮肤(ActivSkin)在中厚供皮区临床应用效果.方法 9例患者,年龄17～43岁.其中5例1%～6%总体表面积烧伤,深Ⅱ度～Ⅲ度;4例烧伤后瘢痕.每例患者2个部位创面,均使用自体中厚皮片修复.切取皮片后供区遗留创面随机分为试验组和对照组,行自体对照观察.试验组创面采用ActivSkin修复,对照组创面采用凡士林油纱覆盖.术后观察创面疼痛、愈合时间及治愈率;术后7～30 d每日观察创面愈合情况,1、3、6个月定期随访.结果试验组创面术后疼痛明显减轻,愈合时间为9.67±2.92 d,比对照组16.56±2.96 d提前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治愈率均为100%.术后随访试验组创面供皮区愈合后未见水疱、残余创面发生,瘢痕形成减轻;对照组创面4例于术后3个月内有水泡形成,残余创面发生. 结论ActivSkin可减轻中厚供皮区创面疼痛,加速愈合,并能预防供皮区愈合后水疱、残余创面发生,降低瘢痕形成.     

液超妥联合痊愈妥应用于头部取皮区的临床观察和护理

目的观察新型敷料液超妥藻酸盐敷料联合痊愈妥粘性敷料应用于头部取皮区的临床效果。 方法将70例头皮首次取皮厚度为0.25 mm的患者随机分为两组,各35例。观察组在头部取皮后即予以液超妥及痊愈妥敷料覆盖创面,对照组在头部取皮后用凡士林油纱覆盖。最后两组均用弹力帽固定以上敷料。定期更换敷料,比较两组头部取皮区愈合情况、敷料更换时创面疼痛程度。 结果观察组平均愈合时间为（4.31 ± 1.18）d,较对照组平均愈合时间（7.02 ± 1.41）d明显缩短（P < 0.05）。观察组疼痛程度较对照组明显减轻（P < 0.05）。 结论液超妥联合痊愈妥敷料有利于促进头部取皮区创面的愈合,缩短了愈合时间,减少患者的疼痛感。     

美皮康在烧伤整形植皮供皮区的应用观察及对供皮区的护理干预

目的:将传统烧伤整形取皮术后凡士林油纱敷料覆盖供皮区创面与美皮康覆盖创面做对比,探讨取皮术后供皮区创面覆盖的最佳方法。方法:将需要进行取皮手术的患者随机分为对照组与实验组,对照组采用传统凡士林油纱覆盖后数层无菌纱布包扎,关节部位石膏托固定;实验组采用美皮康覆盖后绷带简单包扎固定,比较两组术后伤口愈合情况。结果:实验组与对照组比较得出:实验组可大幅度缓解疼痛,缩短伤口愈合时间,减少瘢痕形成,同时减小了临床工作人员的工作量。结论:覆盖供皮区创面时,美皮康优于传统凡士林敷料,临床实用性较强,是一种理想的供皮区敷料。     

超额切取中厚皮片回植供皮区的应用

超额切取中厚皮片回植供皮区的应用周海强，吴文安，谭新东中厚皮片移植是整形外科最常采用的基本技术，然而供皮区创面传统覆盖凡士林油纱及多层纱布包扎的方法，愈合时间长，易感染，瘢痕显著，为避免上述缺点，我们自１９８９年以来改用超额切取中厚皮片回植法取得满意...     

不同敷料组合对烧伤患者供皮区创面微环境的影响

目的 了解不同敷料组合对烧伤创面微环境及愈合的影响.方法 选择烧伤后需行手术植皮的患者186例,供皮区创面取皮厚度均为0.3 mm.将200个供皮区创面按表格随机法进行分组,分为藻酸盐棉垫组(藻酸盐敷料+棉垫)、凡士林棉垫组(凡士林油纱+棉垫)、藻酸盐泡沫组(藻酸盐敷料+泡沫敷料)、凡士林泡沫组(凡七林油纱+泡沫敷料).观察各种敷料对患者创面水分蒸发量及pH值的影响,比较各组创面的细菌定植情况、揭除敷料时患者疼痛程度及创面愈合时间.结果 共有184例患者的198个创面完成试验全过程,4种组合敷料可造成不同的创面微环境.藻酸盐棉垫组、凡士林棉垫组、藻酸盐泡沫组、凡士林泡沫组患者创面的敷料表面水分蒸发量分别为(35.5±3.2)、(31.3±2.8)、(23.1±2.9)、(18.1±2.3)mL·h-1·m-2,保湿性能以凡士林泡沫组为佳;创面pH值分别为7.22±0.06、7.41±0.03、7.05±0.03、7.34±0.06.创面细菌培养阳性率以藻酸盐泡沫组(4.0%)最低,凡士林泡沫组(22.4%)最高.揭除患者创面敷料时疼痛程度以藻酸盐泡沫组最轻(0.98±0.12),凡士林棉垫组最重(8.14±0.82).创面愈合时间藻酸盐泡沫组最短,为(6.7±0.8)d;凡士林泡沫组最长,为(15.6±3.5)d.结论 不同敷料在同样创面上使用,会营造不同的创面微环境;该环境与创面愈合时间密切相关,湿度对创面愈合的影响比pH值更为重要.     

组织工程化表皮膜片移植中厚皮供区预防瘢痕增生30例

整形、烧伤外科修复面颈部及功能部位皮肤缺损，广泛使用方法是切取大张中厚皮片移植。中厚皮供区常规治疗方法愈合后遗留增生性癞痕。我科自2003年以来采用组织工程化表皮膜片移植中厚皮供区创面30例，该法在促进创面愈合及抑制瘢痕增生方面取得了显著疗效，报道如下。     

Use of split‐thickness plantar skin grafts in the management of leg and foot skin defects

The basic principle of donor site selection is to take skin from areas that will heal with minimal scarring while balancing the needs of the recipient site. For skin loss from the lower legs and feet, the most common harvest site for split‐thickness skin grafts is the anterior or posterior thigh; grafts from the plantar areas have been mostly used to cover the volar aspect of digits and palms. Between September 2015 and September 2017, 42 patients with areas of skin loss on the legs or feet were treated with plantar skin grafts because of their cosmetic benefits and the convenience of the surgical procedure and postoperative wound care. Our technique of harvesting a single layer of split‐thickness skin graft (0.014 in. thick) from a non‐weight‐bearing area of the foot of the injured leg is simple and provided good functional and cosmetic outcomes at both the donor and recipient sites. All patients were very satisfied with the recovery progress and final results. Therefore, in the management of skin defects in the lower legs or feet that comprise less than 1.5% of the total body surface area, our surgical method is a reliable alternative to anterior or posterior thigh skin grafting.     

特重度烧伤86例自体供皮区分析

目的：观察分析重度烧伤患者不同部位自体皮供区、二茬皮供皮的特点,达到尽可能合理利用供区、较好发挥供区效率的目的.方法：选择烧伤总面积≥70%TBSA且Ⅲ度面积≥20%TBSA患者86例,采用头皮区、足底部、腹部、臀部及其他部位作为自体皮供区,部分同时切取二茬头皮,进行微粒皮或/及皮片移植,观察受区、供区愈合情况并分析.结果：86例患者死亡5例,自动出院2例,痊愈79例.微粒皮移植一层头皮、二茬头皮后创面上皮化率差异无显著性[（82.7±10.3）% vs.（81.0±10.0）%,P＞0.05],但一层头皮与二茬头皮供区术后完全上皮化时间差异有显著性[（7.3±2.2）d vs.（11.6±3.7）d,P＜0.05];二茬头皮用于肉芽创面植皮成活率低,平均（42.6±12.8）%.足底二茬皮微粒皮移植后,受区色素缺失且不形成皮脂脓肿,而一层足底皮片移植后有明显角质层过度生长表现.腋窝及耻骨联合区皮片特点近似头皮.结论：对有限的自体皮供区进行规划使用、尽可能使用二茬皮作微粒皮移植、加强综合治疗提高移植皮片成活率,是救治大面积深度烧伤过程中充分利用供区的有效措施.     

The role of recruited minced skin grafting in improving the quality of healing at the donor site of split-thickness skin graft—A comparative study

IntroductionThe donor area of split thickness skin graft harvest usually takes 2–3 weeks to heal. A few studies have shown that application of minced skin grafting helps to reduce this time. The objective of this comparative study was to find the role of recruited minced skin grafting on the overall quality of healing at the split thickness skin graft donor area.Materials and methodsThe study included 30 patients undergoing split thickness skin graft for acute traumatic wounds. We selected two donor areas of nearly equal size on medial and lateral side of either thigh in each case. They were randomly allocated to control area and study area using an envelope technique. Minced graft was applied over the study area. Same dressing and post operative care were done for both the areas.ResultsIn our study we found average time for complete epithelialization at control area was 28.17 +/− 5.590 days whereas it was 21.93 +/− 2.420 days in the study area. The earlier epithelialisation time of study area compared to control area was significant on statistical analysis. Vancouver scar scale (VSS) comparison at third month and one year follow up showed significant difference of scores (1 versus 0) as the scars were hypopigmented at control area and comparatively better pigmented at study area. We found visual analogue score for Pain and pruritus to be better for study area at the end of first, second and third month.ConclusionIn this study we conclude that, recruited minced skin grafting to the donor site of split skin graft leads to better quality of healing in terms of early epithelialisation, better quality of scar, better pigmentation, less pain and pruritus, thus leading to improved quality of healing.     

自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的探讨自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果。方法本组患儿共12例,男7例,女5例,年龄3~10岁,均为2015年3月至2018年3月就诊于空军军医大学西京医院的烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患儿。瘢痕挛缩畸形部位分别位于腋部、肘部、腘窝及躯干等14处。其中腋部瘢痕黏连挛缩导致肩关节上举角度仅为30°~60°;肘部瘢痕挛缩导致肘关节伸直角度仅为45°~90°;腘窝瘢痕导致膝关节伸直角度仅为95°~110°,侧胸腹部瘢痕挛缩致同侧乳头下移5 cm,伴站立位中线向患侧屈曲约20°。术中彻底松解瘢痕挛缩,恢复关节活动度,复位移位器官,并形成继发创面,范围5 cm×10 cm^11 cm×20 cm。选取其他瘢痕区域作为供区,其中背部8处,大腿6处。用鼓式取皮机或电动(气动)取皮机先切取厚层瘢痕皮,再以0.5 mm厚度切取自体断层瘢痕组织,按1∶1比例制备网状瘢痕支架,其上覆盖取自头部的刃厚皮片,形成自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮,植于瘢痕挛缩松解后继发创面。切取的瘢痕表皮回植原瘢痕供区。供、受区均常规加压包扎,7~10 d后更换敷料,查看皮片成活情况并进行随访观察。结果12例患儿共移植14块自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮,所制备的复合皮均与瘢痕松解后继发创面大小、形状一致,其中12块皮片成活良好,2处因局部感染导致部分皮片坏死,经换药后治愈。随访2~24个月,自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮术区外观满意,腋部、肘部、腘窝等关节均充分松解,肩关节挛缩患者术后上举达150°~170°;肘关节挛缩患者均可基本伸直,达170°~180°;膝关节挛缩患者可完全伸直,达180°;侧胸腹部瘢痕挛缩松解后患侧乳头恢复正常位置,站立位中线基本正常。14块瘢痕表皮回植区皮片均成活良好,外观与术前无明显区别。头部供皮区愈合良好,无瘢痕形成及脱发现象。结论自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形效果较好,为儿童深度烧伤后遗畸形的修复提供了一种新手段。     

第二趾甲皮瓣修复手指皮肤脱套伤术后随访报告

目的：报告第二趾甲皮瓣修复手指皮肤脱套伤术后的中长期随访结果。方法：对109例121指手指皮肤脱套伤,选用第二趾甲皮瓣或带足背皮瓣的第二趾甲皮瓣进行修复。对其中61例74指进行了2～8年（平均4年）的随访。结果：随访显示,修复后的手指外形良好,指甲生长良好,指腹饱满、指腹感觉恢复S2～S4,36指两点辨别觉达到4～7mm,65指手指屈曲功能接近正常,所有病例手指都能够完成写字、持物等动作,21指能够完成捡针的精细动作,足部供区出现并发症4例,其中2例出现两种不适的表现,并发症出现率6.5%。参照中华医学会手外科分会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准结合足部供区情况进行评定,属优者45例52指,良者13例16指,可者3例6指,无差的病例,优良率95.1%。结论：第二趾甲皮瓣急诊修复手指皮肤脱套伤,修复的手指有指甲和丰满的指腹,可最大限度地恢复伤指的外形和功能。     

Evolving practice of the Helsinki Skin Bank

The purpose of this study is to review the management and running of the Helsinki Skin Bank between the years 2001 and 2008. Further aims were to assess the microbiological safety of the glycerol‐preserved allograft skin and analyse its clinical use. The files of the Helsinki Skin Bank were reviewed for allograft skin harvested from organ donors between 2001 and 2008. Data on harvested skin area and microbiological culture results were collected. The patients receiving allograft were also identified and operation indications analysed. Allograft skin was collected from 115 donors, with a mean of 44 335 cm² per year. No skin batches were discarded. Microbiological cultures of the allograft skin batches were negative in 86 (75%) cases. Thirty‐five donor skin batches were used in 69 operations. The most common indication was ‘Biological dressing on partial‐thickness burns', comprising 52% of cases. The cost per cm² was 0.81€. The use of allograft skin in the Helsinki Skin Bank is microbiologically safe and continues to provide a versatile and useful treatment modality in many major burn cases with few observed complications. As compared with synthetically produced temporary dressings currently available, our allograft skin is also more economical.     

上肢深度烧伤的美容整复治疗方法初探

目的:探讨中小面积烧伤患者合并上肢深度烧伤时的手术方案,在最大限度地恢复上肢功能的同时,保持受伤肢体外形的美观。方法:对有上肢深度烧伤且皮源较充足的患者进行早期切削痂,对已形成肉芽创面者则彻底切除或削除创面及其基底板,之后取中厚皮片进行大张皮完整移植,术后10天左右更换敷料并拆线,愈后辅以弹性绷带及功能锻炼等治疗措施巩固疗效。结果:本组共10个病例,13个上肢,最大单侧肢体植皮面积9%,皮片移植的成活率均在95%以上,术后随访2～18个月,患者对功能及外形均表示满意,尚无一例行二次手术矫正。结论:对有上肢深度烧伤但皮源较充足的患者,应提倡进行大张中厚皮完整移植,在保证植皮成功率的基础上,加以术后正确的功能锻炼及弹性绷带等辅助措施,不仅可以最大限度地恢复上肢的功能,同时还可保持肢体外形的美观。     

Estimating the usage of allograft in the treatment of major burns

Aim

To assess the amount of allograft used in the past treatment of major burns and calculate a figure to guide estimation of the quantity of allograft required to treat future patients and aid resource planning.

Methods

A retrospective observational study. Records of 143 patients treated with major burns at a regional centre, from January 2004 to November 2008 were accessed with biometric data and quantity of allograft used being recorded. This data was used to calculate an allograft index (cm² allograft used/burn surface area (cm²)) (AI) for each patient.

Results

112 of the 143 patients had complete sets of data, of the 112, 89 patients survived the initial stay in hospital. For all data average AI = 1.077 ± 0.090. AI varied according to burn % area with burns <40% requiring 0.490 cm² allo/cm² burn, increasing in a logarithmic fashion (R² = 0.995) for burn areas >40%.

Conclusions

The ability to estimate deceased donor skin requirements based on % body surface area affected is important in the care planning for patients with major burns. Our findings of 0.5 cm² allograft/cm² burn for injuries less than 40% TBSA, increasing to 1.82 cm² allograft/cm² burn for injuries up to 80% TBSA can be used for planning purposes for individual services and for burn disaster planning.     

优化的外踝上皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的总结应用优化的外踝上皮瓣逆行转移修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2016年1月至2019年6月,漯河医学高等专科学校第二附属医院显微骨科收治16例足踝部中小面积皮肤软组织缺损患者,其中男12例,女4例;年龄18~63岁,平均48岁。应用优化的外踝上皮瓣进行修复。术前测量创面宽度,在小腿中下部或中部前外侧利用"提捏法"评估供区,确认可直接闭合。多普勒超声血流仪探测外踝上腓动脉终末穿支及近侧穿支,两穿支标记点连线为皮瓣中轴线,旋转点在外踝平面或下胫腓联合上缘水平,旋转点至创面近侧缘距离作为血管组织蒂长度,术中注意保护皮瓣蒂内的穿支血管及腓动脉终末穿支降支血管,小血管夹夹闭外踝上腓动脉终末穿支近侧的穿支血管后,放松止血带,评估皮瓣血运,必要时可打开骨间膜携带腓动脉。经明道转移皮瓣,并将蒂部覆盖的皮瓣优化设计成钝弧形或半圆形。对踝周及足底皮肤缺损的4例患者,将皮瓣近心端腓浅神经与腓肠神经端侧吻合。供区直接拉拢缝合。术后观察皮瓣成活情况。结果本组16例,皮瓣切取面积3.0 cm×1.5 cm~14.0 cm×6.0 cm。仅1例术后24 h出现皮瓣淤血肿胀,远端血运差,给予拆除蒂部部分缝线,1周后皮瓣尖端仍出现小面积坏死,经换药后愈合,其余皮瓣未经特殊处理顺利成活。共12例患者得到有效随访,随访时间为4个月至2年,皮瓣外形及功能满意。吻合神经的4例患者中3例得到随访,随访时间8~13个月,皮瓣感觉恢复至S2级1例,S3级2例。结论通过对皮瓣供区优化选择、皮瓣血管蒂长度及明道转移的优化设计,以及术中对皮瓣血运的评估与优化处理,不但提高了皮瓣成活率,而且获得了良好的外形与功能,虽部分患者因切取腓浅神经后可遗留不同程度的足背皮肤感觉功能障碍,但仍不失为修复足踝部中小面积皮肤软组织缺损较为理想的方法之一。     

耳后游离皮片在修复鼻小柱与上唇粘连外翻畸形中的临床应用

目的：探讨耳后游离皮片在修复鼻小柱与上唇粘连外翻畸形中的临床应用。方法：首先设计皮片，局麻成功后，松解粘连的瘢痕组织，在耳后乳突区切取全厚皮片；将皮片修整后先固定鼻小柱缺损上端，在人中位置用褥式缝合使其形成人中及人中嵴，间断缝合受区皮片，最后固定打包加压；耳后供皮区两侧直接拉拢缝合。结果：采用该方法修复鼻小柱与上唇粘连外翻畸形8例，皮片全部成活，供受区切口均I期愈合。术后6～18个月对所有患者进行随访，鼻小柱与上唇粘连外翻畸形矫正良好，移植皮片色泽、质地接近周围正常组织，鼻小柱无明显偏移，供受区切口无明显瘢痕。结论：耳后游离皮片能较好修复鼻小柱与上唇粘连外翻畸形，具有术后瘢痕小，供区隐蔽等优点。