寻常型银屑病患者血管内皮生长因子及单核细胞趋化因子-1表达的研究

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)在银屑病患者皮肤中的表达及其意义。方法 用免疫组化法检测银屑病患者皮损、非皮损及正常人皮肤中VEGF、MCP-1的表达与分布。用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测患者血清中VEGF、MCP-1水平。结果 ①银屑病患者皮损及非皮损中VEGF表达较正常人皮肤明显增强(P<0.05).皮损中MCP-1表达较非皮损及正常人皮肤明显增强(P<0.05).②患者血清中VEGF水平明显高于正常人(P<0.05),MCP-1水平与正常人比较差异无显着性(P>0.05).③皮损角质形成细胞中VEGF、MCP-1的表达与PASI评分无显着相关性(P>0.05)。结论 VEGF、MCP-1的表达增强在银屑病的发病机制中可能起重要作用。     

白癜风患者血清中抗酪氨酸酶抗体及可溶性细胞间黏附分子1的检测

目的 探讨白癜风患者血清中抗酪氨酸酶IgG、IgM抗体滴度和可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-1)水乎与疾病活动程度的关系和临床意义。方法 抗酪氨酸酶IgG、IgM抗体和sICAM-1检测采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法。结果 ①白癜风患者血清中抗酪氨酸酶IgG抗体平均滴度为0.316,显著高于正常人对照组0.082(P<0.001);白癜风患者血清中抗酪氨酸酶IgM抗体平均滴度为0.238,显著高于正常人对照组0.065(P<0.001)。②白癜风患者进展期血清抗酪氨酸酶IgG、IgM抗体滴度明显高于稳定期(P均<0.001),泛发型明显高于局限型(P均<0.001)。③抗酪氨酸酶IgG、IgM抗体滴度与抗黑素细胞IgG抗体阳性及IgM抗体阳性均呈正相关(P均<0.001)。④白癜风患者血清sICAM-1平均水平为697.40ng/mL,显著高于正常人对照组602.40ng/ml(P<0.001);进展期高于稳定期(P<0.001);泛发型高于局限型(P<0.001);稳定期和局限型白癜风患者血清中sICAM-1水平与正常人对照组差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 白癜风患者血清中抗酪氨酸酶IgG、IgM抗体和sICAM-1与疾病活动性和严重程度相关。     

银屑病患者外周血肝细胞生长因子和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子水平改变

目的 探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)与银屑病的关系。方法 采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测寻常性银屑病患者和正常人血清中HGF和GM-CSF水平。结果 进行期寻常性银屑病患者血清中HGF水平明显高于静止期及正常人对照(P<0.01),而静止期患者血清中HGF水平与正常人对照比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);进行期银屑病患者血清中GM-CSF水平明显高于正常人对照及静止期(P<0.01),静止期患者血清中GM-CSF水平亦高于正常人对照(P<0.05);进行期泛发性与局限性皮损患者之间血清HGF及GM-CSF水平差异均无统计学意义;患者血清HGF和GM-CSF水平与PASI计分均呈正相关(分别为r=0.38和r=0.30,P<0.002和P<0.02)。结论 寻常性银屑病患者外周血循环HGF和GM-CSF水平明显增高,HGF和GM-CSF可能参与银屑病发病。     

寻常型银屑病患者皮损中维A酸受体mRNA的表达

目的 探讨维A酸受体(RARγ/RXRα)mRNA在寻常型银屑病患者皮损中的表达。方法 应用RT-PCR方法检测20例寻常型银屑病患者皮损部位和10例正常人表皮中RARγ/RXRαmRNA的表达。结果 在寻常型银屑病患者皮损中,RXRαmRNA的表达水平为0.1976±0.0933,较正常对照组低(正常对照组为0.5867±0.0132),在统计学上差异有显着性(P<0.01);RARγmRNA在银屑病患者和正常人表皮中的表达水平分别为0.5037±0.0883和0.5624±0.0767,两者差异无显着性。结论 RXRαmRNA表达水平的降低可能和银屑病的发病有关。     

寻常型银屑病患者皮肤中诱生型一氧化氮合酶、核因子-κBp65表达及其临床意义

目的 研究诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA、iNOS和核因子(NF)-κBp65蛋白在寻常型银屑病患者皮肤中的表达。方法 用原位杂交和免疫组化的方法检测了20例寻常型银屑病患者皮损区、非皮损区和12例正常人表皮中iNOSmRNA、iNOS和NF-κBp65蛋白的表达和分布;用银屑病面积和严重程度指数计分法评定患者的临床病情程度。结果 ①寻常型银屑病患者皮损区表皮中iNOSmRNA和iNOS蛋白表达均较非皮损区和正常人表皮中的表达明显增强(P<0.01),正常人表皮中仅少部分基底层有微弱表达,而寻常型银屑病患者皮损区的表达为基底层全层和棘层局灶性表达。②寻常型银屑病患者皮损中有一致性的iNOS和NF-κBp65高表达,两者表达水平呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。③寻常型银屑病患者皮损中iNOSmRNA的表达水平与相应患者的PASI计分呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论 ①寻常型银屑病患者皮损中有iNOS和NF-κBp65的高水平表达。②活化的NF-κB可能参与了寻常型银屑病的病理过程,高水平的iNOS表达可能导致了NF-κB的活化。③寻常型银屑病患者皮损中iNOS的表达水平与临床病情呈正相关。     

寻常性银屑病患者皮损中维A酸受体αmRNA的表达

目的 探讨维A酸受体αmRNA在寻常性银屑病皮损中的表达状况。方法 应用RT-PCR方法检测20例寻常性银屑病患者皮损部位和10例正常人表皮中维A酸受体αmRNA的表达情况。结果 维A酸受体αmRNA的表达在寻常性银屑病表皮中较正常人低,且差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 维A酸受体αmRNA的表达降低可能和银屑病发病有关。     

梅毒与系统性红斑狼疮患者抗心磷脂抗体的比较研究

目的 对梅毒和系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清中抗心磷脂(ACL)抗体的反应强度以及类型进行比较研究。方法 应用ELISA法对99例梅毒和75例SLE患者的血清中ACL抗体的反应强度以及ACL抗体的IgG与IgM类型进行检测。结果 SLE和梅毒患者血清中IgG型ACL抗体阳性率分别为48.00%和40.40%;梅毒的阳性血清反应强度高于SLE患者(P<0.001);IgM型ACL抗体的阳性率在SLE和梅毒患者中分别为18.67%和61.62%,梅毒的ACL抗体阳性率显著高于SLE患者(P<0.001),且梅毒患者IgM型ACL抗体阳性血清反应强度高于SLE患者(P<0.005)。结论 这种ACL抗体IgG、IgM阳性率与反应强度的差异,反映了SLE患者和梅毒患者产生ACL抗体的机理与功能有所不同。     

CCL27和CCR10在寻常性银屑病皮损的表达及与PASI的相关性

目的 探讨皮肤特异性趋化因子CCL27及其受体CCR10在寻常性银屑病皮损中的表达和表达强度与疾病活动性的相关性.方法 SP免疫组化染色检测20例寻常性银屑病皮损区皮损和10例正常人皮肤中CCL27、CCR10的表达,以PASI评分评价银屑病患者疾病活动性.结果 ①CCL27在20例寻常性银屑病皮损和10例正常人皮肤中表达的阳性率分别为95%和20%,两者差异有统计学意义(X²=17.86,P<0.01);CCR10在20例寻常性银屑病皮损和10例正常人皮肤表达的阳性率分别为85%和10%,两者的差异有统计学意义(X²=15.63,P<0.01).②CCL27和CCR10在皮损中的表达水平与PASI评分均呈明显正相关,r值分别为0.82和0.83,P值均<0.01.结论 CCL27和CCR10的过度表达与银屑病患者的疾病活动性相关.     

银屑病患者血清中抗亲环素A自身抗体的初步研究

目的 检测银屑病患者血清中的抗亲环素A自身抗体(ACA)的水平。方法 从小牛胸腺中提取、纯化亲环素A。用免疫印迹法(IBT)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)两种方法同时检测银屑病患者血清中的抗亲环素A自身抗体的水平。结果 两种方法均显示银屑病患者血清中的ACA水平显著高于正常对照组。ELISA法显示患者抗体的阳性率达41.3%。银屑病进行期患者血清中的抗体水平高于静止期患者,但无统计学意义。结论 银屑病患者血清中的ACA水平明显高于正常人。     

银屑病患者皮损中磷脂酰肌醇3激酶过表达

目的 探讨磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3激酶)与银屑病发病的相关性。方法 应用点杂交、原位杂交和免疫组化的方法,分析了12例寻常型银屑病患者皮损区和5例正常人表皮中PI3激酶表达分布特点。结果 银屑病皮损中PI3激酶mRNA和蛋白的表达较正常人皮肤明显增强,银屑病患者与正常人皮肤中PI3激酶基因与蛋白的表达一致。结论 银屑病皮损中PI3激酶过表达可能与银屑病角质形成细胞的过度增殖相关。     

Is HSV serology useful for the management of first episode genital herpes?

BACKGROUND: First episode genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections can be classified into three groups, primary genital herpes (no previous exposure to HSV), non-primary first episode (IgG antibody to HSV of the non-presenting type), and first episode with pre-existing IgG HSV antibodies. The use of IgM to classify first episode genital herpes has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgM antibodies for the diagnosis of first episode genital herpes, when compared with clinical diagnosis. METHODS: Patients with a first clinical episode of genital herpes were recruited. Sera were tested for IgG antibodies to HSV-2 using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Equivocal results were resolved by western blot. HSV-1 IgG and IgM and HSV-2 IgM antibodies were detected using western blot. RESULTS: 157 patients were recruited. 31 were excluded (missing data or no detectable antibodies and negative viral isolation). Therefore, 126 patients were included in the analysis. 23 (18.3%) had primary genital herpes, 34 (27.0%) non-primary first episode, and 69 (54.8%) had pre-existing genital herpes. The specificity and PPV of HSV IgM was 100%; the sensitivity was 79% and the NPV 85%. CONCLUSION: IgM HSV serology may be useful in the management of some patients with first episode genital herpes and provide an indication of the source of infection. Drawbacks include the low sensitivity and NPV, lack of availability, IgM antibodies may occasionally be produced in response to recurrent infection and, finally, IgM antibodies may take up to 10 days to develop and last 7-10 days.     

Autoantibodies to autologous skin in guttate and plaque forms of psoriasis and cross-reaction of skin antigens with streptococcal antigens

Background Psoriasis is a chronic disease of the skin that appears to be of autoimmune nature. It has a strong association with throat streptococcal infections, as well as with stressful events. Although many groups consider psoriasis to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, autoantibodies could also play a role in the development of this process. Methods In this work, we looked for autoantibodies to psoriatic skin in 21 psoriatic patients and four healthy donors (controls). The immunoperoxidase technique was used to look for autoantibodies in autologous sera in skin sections obtained from lesions or from healthy areas of the same patient, before and after immunoadsorption with a Streptococcus pyogenes extract. The skin biopsies were also analyzed with a pool of sera from mice immunized with the streptococcal extract. Results We found that all psoriatic patients had autoantibodies to antigens present in keratinocytes, whereas healthy subjects did not. These antibodies did not recognize epitopes on healthy skin from the same psoriatic patients or controls. Immunoadsorption of autologous sera removed the reactivity to antigens in skin lesions in all cases. Mouse anti-streptococcal sera recognized epidermal antigens present in lesional psoriatic skin, but not in healthy skin from psoriatic patients or controls. Deposits of immunoglobulin G (IgG) were not detected in the lesions. Conclusions It seems that autoantibodies, although they do not appear to participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, are an important feature, and that skin antigens, which appear in lesional immature keratinocytes, cross-react with S. pyogenes and contribute to the autoimmune process in psoriasis.     

女性原发性生殖器疱疹中HSV-Ⅱ的检测及意义

目的探讨单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-Ⅱ)与女性原发性生殖器疱疹(GH)的相关性及意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别检测患者血清中HSV-Ⅱ抗体以及分泌物中的HSV-Ⅱ抗原。结果HSV-Ⅱ中IgG均阴性的138例女性生殖器疱疹患者中HSV-Ⅱ抗原阳性78例(56.52%);HSV-Ⅱ中IgM抗体阳性130例(94.20%),抗体阳性率明显高于抗原阳性率(P<0.01)。典型病例组抗原阳性65例(87.84%),IgM抗体阳性66例(89.19%);不典型病例组抗原阳性13例(20.31%),IgM抗体阳性64例(100.00%)。结论对于皮损时间短,症状典型者可检测HSV-Ⅱ抗原;皮损时间长,或反复者可检测HSV-Ⅱ抗体,可以有效提高HSV感染的临床诊断率。     

抗原捕获聚合酶链反应分型检测妇女生殖器单纯疱疹病毒

目的 :　建立直接分型检测妇女生殖器单纯疱疹病毒 (HSV)的抗原捕获聚合酶链反应 (AC -PCR)。方法 :　用抗HSV型共同性糖蛋白单克隆抗体 ,包被聚苯乙烯离心管 ,捕获HSV ,同时加入 3个引物 :HSV - 1 HSV - 2型共同性上游引物及HSV - 1和HSV - 2型特异性下游引物 ,进行PCR扩增。结果 :HSV - 1和HSV - 2标准病毒株均分别扩增出与设计大小相符的 4 77bp和 399bpDNA条带。AC -PCR可检测到 10PFUHSV - 1和 1PFUHSV - 2。用AC -PCR检测了 36 5份妇女生殖器拭子标本 ,阳性 10 1例(2 7.7% ) ,2 3例为HSV - 1(占 2 2 .8% ) ,78例为HSV - 2 (占 77.2 % ) ;其中 112份标本同时用AC -PCR和分离培养法检测 ,AC -PCR的阳性率为 2 6 .8% (30 112 ) ,分离培养法的阳性率为 2 0 .5 % (2 3 112 ) ,两者差异有显著性 (χ2 =4 .5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :　AC -PCR是特异、敏感、快速分型检测妇女生殖器HSV感染的方法     

Investigation of herpes simplex virus DNA in pityriasis rosea by polymerase chain reaction

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute, inflammatory disease of unknown cause. Clinical and experimental findings indicate an infectious etiology of PR. Our purpose is to examine the skin lesions and blood samples of PR patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of HSV type 1 and 2 DNA. METHODS: The lesional skin biopsies from 10 patients and blood samples from two randomized patients with clinically and histologically confirmed pityriasis rosea were examined by PCR. RESULTS: No HSV 1 and HSV 2 DNA was detected in the lesional biopsy and blood samples. CONCLUSIONS: We could not identify a relationship between HSV 1, HSV 2 and PR.     

亚临床型生殖器疱疹脱排病毒及药物干预的临床研究

目的:探讨亚临床型生殖器疱疹患者不同状态下无症状排毒情况及与药物干预的相关性.方法:收集亚临床型生殖器疱疹患者580例,分别用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction,FQ-PCR)检测亚临床型生殖器疱疹患者体内血清抗体(HSV-ⅠIgG、IgM及HSV-ⅡIgG、IgM)的分泌情况,分析比较患者不同病程、不同复发频率和有无抗体产生等多种状态下及药物干预后HSV病毒脱排情况.结果:入选的580例患者中,排毒阳性299例(51.6％),DNA质粒数为81-9.9×103 copies/ml,平均3.8×103copies/ml.病程超过3年的患者与小于3年的患者比较,排毒阳性率的差异有统计学意义(x2=6.7271,P＜0.01).频发患者(每年复发频率大于6次)与少发患者比较,差异有显著的统计学意义(x2=11.4140,P＜0.01).血清抗体阳性组HSV脱排病毒阳性率明显低于血清抗体阴性组,差异有显著的统计学意义(x2=37.8977,P＜0.01).对299例排毒阳性患者进行药物干预,盐酸伐昔洛韦片(A组)、阿昔洛韦咀嚼片(B组)与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01),停药后与对照组比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:亚临床型生殖器疱疹患者HSV病毒脱排率高达51.6％,病程越长者、复发频率越少者、血清中存在相关抗体者,其排毒检测阳性率越低,此时患者的传染性越小,且排毒阳性患者用药干预后能明显抑制HSV脱排.     

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM): a viral disease with an autoimmune component

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a clinical conundrum the name of which reflects the broad morphological spectrum of the lesions. Molecular and immunologic evidence that herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes a subset of EM lesions [herpes-associated EM (HAEM)] is reviewed, and new data are presented which suggest that autoreactive T-cells triggered by virus infection play an important role in HAEM pathogenesis. Disease development begins with viral DNA fragmentation and the transport of the DNA fragments to distant skin sites by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). HSV genes within DNA fragments deposited on the skin [notably DNA polymerase (Pol)] are expressed, leading to recruitment of HSV-specific CD4+ Th1 cells that respond to viral antigens with production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This step initiates an inflammatory cascade that includes expression of IFN-gamma induced genes, increased sequestration of circulating leukocytes, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, and the recruitment of autoreactive T-cells generated by molecular mimicry or the release of cellular antigens from lysed cells. The PBMCs that pick up the HSV DNA [viz. macrophages or CD34+ Langerhans cells (LC) precursors], their ability to process it, the viral proteins expressed in the skin and the presence of epitopes shared with cellular proteins may determine whether a specific HSV episode is followed by HAEM development. Drug-associated EM (DIEM) is a mechanistically distinct EM subset that involves expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in lesional skin. It is our thesis that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for HSV DNA detection in lesional skin and staining with antibodies to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, are important criteria for the diagnosis of skin eruptions and improved patient management.     

Levels of proelafin peptides in the sera of the patients with generalized pustular psoriasis and pustulosis palmoplantaris

The levels of proelafin peptides in the sera of patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris, a unique type of localized pustular psoriasis, and generalized pustular psoriasis were determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using antibodies against synthetic proelafin polypeptides corresponding to the elastase inhibitor (elafin) and transglutaminase substrate domains. The sera of patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris (9 cases) exhibited a normal range of proelafin peptide levels. The sera of patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (3 cases) showed high titres of proelafin peptide. There were no large differences in the titres between the 2 antibodies. The antibodies for 2 different domains of proelafin showed a similar immunoreactivity for the non-pustular region of the epidermis in all pustulosis palmoplantaris tested. The results indicate that serum proelafin peptides in pustular psoriasis may depend on the extent of the involved area, and that proelafin peptide level in pustulosis palmoplantaris remains normal despite enhanced local expression in the lesional skin. Since the skin lesions of patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris are limited to the palms and soles, enhanced expression of proelafin in the lesional skin may not lead to elevation of proelafin peptides in the serum.     

Possible paraneoplastic syndrome case of bullous pemphigoid with immunoglobulin G anti‐BP180 C‐terminal domain antibodies associated with psoriasis and primary macroglobulinemia

A 61‐year‐old Japanese man developed bullous skin lesions during topical therapy for psoriasis vulgaris. Physical examination demonstrated numerous tense bullae and scaly erythemas on the trunk and extremities. Histopathology of the skin biopsy demonstrated subepidermal bullae and lymphocytic infiltration with eosinophils in the dermis. Direct immunofluorescence revealed linear deposits of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and C3 along the basement membrane zone. Indirect immunofluorescence of 1 mol/L NaCl‐split skin showed IgG reactivity with both epidermal and the dermal sides. IgM reactivity with both the epidermal and dermal sides was also detected. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays showed negative results for both BP180 and BP230. Immunoelectrophoresis of serum and bone marrow aspiration revealed underlying primary macroglobulinemia with M‐proteinemia of IgM‐κ type. Immunoblot analysis revealed IgG, but not IgM, antibodies to recombinant protein of BP180 C‐terminal domain. We diagnosed the present case as bullous pemphigoid with IgG anti‐BP180 C‐terminal domain autoantibodies associated with primary macroglobulinemia and psoriasis vulgaris. Systemic administration of prednisolone 30 mg/day resulted in dramatic improvement of both bullous and psoriatic skin lesions. When the bullous and psoriatic lesions relapsed, DRC chemotherapy (dexamethasone, rituximab and cyclophosphamide) for macroglobulinemia was performed. Then, the psoriatic lesions improved and the bullous lesions disappeared. We suggested that the present case may be paraneoplastic syndrome of bullous pemphigoid associated with primary macroglobulinemia and psoriasis vulgaris.     

Lichen planus remission is associated with a decrease of human herpes virus type 7 protein expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

The cause of lichen planus is still unknown. Previously we showed human herpes virus 7 (HHV-7) DNA and proteins in lesional lichen planus skin, and significantly less in non-lesional lichen planus, psoriasis or healthy skin. Remarkably, lesional lichen planus skin was infiltrated with plasmacytoid dendritic cells. If HHV-7 is associated with lichen planus, then HHV-7 replication would reduce upon lichen planus remission. HHV-7 DNA detection was performed by nested PCR and HHV-7 protein by immunohistochemistry on lesional skin biopsies from lichen planus patients before treatment and after remission. Biopsies were obtained from lichen planus lesions before treatment (n = 18 patients) and after remission (n = 13). Before treatment 61% biopsies contained HHV-7 DNA versus 8% after remission (P = 0.01). HHV-7-protein positive cell numbers diminished significantly after remission in both dermis and epidermis. Expression of HHV-7 was mainly detected in BDCA-2 positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells rather than CD-3 positive lymphocytes. HHV-7 replicates in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lesional lichen planus skin and diminishes after remission. This study further supports our hypothesis that HHV-7 is associated with lichen planus pathogenesis.