烟氯复合物和硼镁石粉现场灭螺试验

目的　通过扩大现场试验 ,掌握烟氯复合物和硼镁石粉的现场灭螺效果。方法　采用浸杀法、喷洒法和撒粉法进行现场灭螺试验。结果　采用烟氯复合物 0 .8m g/ L 和氯硝柳胺 2 m g/ L 平行比较灭螺 ,浸杀法 30 d的钉螺校正死亡率分别为 91.5 7%和 92 .38% ;喷洒法 30 d的钉螺校正死亡率分别为 90 .0 2 %和 90 .5 6 %。采用硼镁石粉 80 g/ m2撒粉 ,雨天和晴天撒粉 ,30 d的钉螺校正死亡率分别为 76 .10 %和 93.0 0 %。结论　采用烟氯复合物 0 .8m g/ L 以及氯硝柳胺 2 mg/ L 进行浸杀和喷洒灭螺 ,其灭螺效果基本一致 ,但烟氯复合物灭螺的用量比氯硝柳胺减少了 6 0 .0 0 %。硼镁石粉具有杀灭钉螺的作用。晴天撒粉比雨天撒粉灭螺效果要好 ,半年后灭螺效果开始下降     

杀虫丁与氯硝柳胺现场灭螺效果的对比实验观察

目的比较杀虫丁和氯硝柳胺现场杀螺效果,探索有效灭螺剂量及影响灭螺效果的有关因素。方法以杀虫丁为实验组、氯硝柳胺为实验对照组、清水为空白对照组,在不同类型的有螺地区进行现场浸杀和喷洒灭螺实验,观察比较不同浓度、作用时间和温度下钉螺校正死亡率。结果现场浸杀,杀虫丁1.0mg/L浓度组浸杀48h后肋壳钉螺校正死亡率为82.8%,光钉螺校正死亡率为34.3%,显著低于同浓度的氯硝柳胺组(P<0.01)。现场喷洒,杀虫丁1.0g/m2、1.5g/m2、2.0g/m23个浓度组喷洒灭螺后7-30d,洲滩和河滩肋壳钉螺校正死亡率均<50.0%,杀螺效果显著低于同浓度的氯硝柳胺组(P<0.01)。结论在本次实验条件下,氯硝柳胺现场浸杀和喷洒灭螺效果均明显优于杀虫丁。     

杀虫丁室内和现场杀螺效果观察

目的评价杀虫丁实验室和现场杀螺效果,探索有效灭螺剂量及影响灭螺效果的有关因素.方法以杀虫丁为实验组、氯硝柳胺为实验对照组和清水为空白对照组,捕捉野外钉螺在室内进行浸杀和喷洒实验,并选择有螺滩地进行现场浸杀和喷洒实验,观察比较不同浓度、作用时间和温度下钉螺校正死亡率.结果室内浸杀,杀虫丁1.0mg/L浓度组浸杀72h后钉螺校正死亡率为54.55%,显著低于同浓度的氯硝柳胺组(P＜0.01);室内喷洒,杀虫丁1.0g/m2浓度组喷洒72h后钉螺校正死亡率为80.0%,杀螺效果也不及氯硝柳胺(P＜0.05);现场浸杀,杀虫丁杀螺效果与室内相似,但现场喷洒1.0g/m2浓度组15d后钉螺校正死亡率达77.10%,与氯硝柳胺组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而1.25g/m2浓度组钉螺校正死亡率高于相应的氯硝柳胺组.杀虫丁杀螺效果受温度和作用时间影响较明显,但杀虫丁具有较强抑制钉螺爬动作用.结论杀虫丁适合现场喷洒灭螺,浓度以1.00～1.25g/m2、气温在25C为宜.     

氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂杀螺效果

目的评价25%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂（SCNE）的实验室和现场杀螺效果。方法在实验室和现场采用SC-NE浸杀、喷洒法灭螺,并与50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂（WPN）、25%氯硝柳胺悬浮剂（SCN）进行效果比较。结果室内浸杀：SCNE 24、48 h和72 h LC50值分别为0.058 3、0.044 2 mg/L和0.038 5 mg/L,SCN分别为0.047 4、0.041 2mg/L和0.041 2 mg/L,WPN分别为0.094 7、0.058 3 mg/L和0.044 2 mg/L,清水对照组钉螺死亡率均为0;室内喷洒：SC-NE剂量为2、4、8 g/m^2,用药3 d后钉螺死亡率均为100%,相应剂量组SCNE杀螺效果均高于WPN,与SCN相一致。现场浸杀：除1 g/m3浸杀钉螺1 d钉螺死亡率为93.33%外,SCNE 2、4、8 g/m^3浸杀钉螺1、2、3 d钉螺死亡率均为100%;现场喷洒：SCNE剂量〉2 g/m^2,用药3 d后钉螺死亡率均〉89%,相应剂量组SCNE杀螺效果均高于WPN。结论SCNE具有较好的实验室和现场杀螺效果,为新型高效、使用方便的灭螺药物剂型。     

杀虫丁室内和现场实验杀螺效果观察

目的评价杀虫丁实验室和现场杀螺效果,探索有效灭螺剂量及影响灭螺效果的有关因素.方法以杀虫丁为实验组、氯硝柳胺为实验对照组、清水为空白对照组,捕捉野外钉螺在室内进行浸杀和喷洒实验,并选择有螺滩地进行现场浸杀和喷洒实验,观察比较不同浓度、作用时间和温度下钉螺校正死亡率.结果室内浸杀杀虫丁1.0mg/L浓度组浸杀72h后钉螺校正死亡率为54.55%,显著低于同浓度的氯硝柳胺组(P＜0.01);室内喷洒杀虫丁1.0g/m2浓度组喷洒72h后钉螺校正死亡率为80.0%,杀螺效果也不及氯硝柳胺(P＜0.05);现场浸杀杀虫丁杀螺效果与室内相似,但现场喷洒1.0g/m2浓度组15d后钉螺校正死亡率达77.10%,与氯硝柳胺组相比差异无统计学意义,而1.25g/m2浓度组钉螺校正死亡率高于相应的氯硝柳胺组.杀虫丁杀螺效果受温度和作用时间影响较明显,但杀虫丁具有较强抑制钉螺爬动作用.结论杀虫丁适合现场喷洒灭螺,浓度以1.0～1.25g/m2、气温在25℃为宜.     

杀虫丁与氯硝柳胺室内杀螺效果的观察

目的观察杀虫丁对山丘地区残存钉螺的杀螺效果。方法采用室内浸杀和喷洒方法,与氯硝柳胺灭螺效果进行比较,并设清水对照组,观察不同浓度的钉螺死亡率。结果室內浸杀杀虫丁2.0mg/L48h钉螺死亡率为99％,氯硝柳胺2h 1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L和48h各浓度组钉螺死亡率均达99％以上,两种药物浸杀灭螺效果除2.0mg/L组浸杀48h差异无显著性(x~2=0.00005,P>0.25)外,其余差异有高度显著性(P<0.01);室内喷洒杀虫丁和氯硝柳胺24h和48h各浓度组钉螺死亡率均达99％以上,两种药物的喷洒灭螺效果差异无显著性(P>0.05);杀虫丁具有较好的抑制钉螺爬动作用。结论杀虫丁的灭螺效果喷洒优于浸杀。建议浸杀灭螺浓度应大于2.0mg/L,喷洒剂量为2g/m~2。     

四种灭螺药物杀螺效果的平行观察

溴乙酰胺、浸螺杀、杀虫丁、氯硝柳胺控释剂杀灭钉螺的平行单盲试验表明:四种药物现场喷洒灭螺效果以溴乙酰胺较好。3g/m~2剂量喷药后第3d、7d、15d及30d的钉螺校正死亡率分别为82.0％、81.6％、89.3％及92.3％,室内浸杀溴乙酰胺、浸螺杀、杀虫丁三种药物5d、7d的杀螺效果除杀虫丁0.5mg/L组钉螺校正死亡率为71.4％外,其余均在92.8％以上。溴乙酰胺对鱼无毒性,不能抑制钉螺上爬;浸螺杀各浓度对鱼有毒性,能抑制钉螺上爬;杀虫丁对鱼亦有毒性,不能完全抑制钉螺上爬。     

25%吡螺脲硫酸盐可湿性粉剂杀灭湖北钉螺 滇川亚种的效果评价

目的　评价吡螺脲在云南大山区的杀螺效果和对鱼类的急性毒性,为该药在云南省血吸虫病流行区推广应用提供科学依据。方法　在云南省大理州实验室和有螺现场,采用浸杀法和喷洒法开展25%吡螺脲硫酸盐可湿性粉剂（25% PBU）对湖北钉螺滇川亚种的杀灭试验,并观察对鲤鱼的急性毒性。以50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂（50% WPNES）为药物对照组。结果　25% PBU室内浸杀钉螺1、2 、3 d的半数致死浓度（LC50）分别为0.47、0.25、0.23 mg/L,90%致死浓度（LC90）分别为1.54、0.61、0.49 mg/L; 1.0 mg/L 25% PBU浸杀1 d的杀螺效果与1.0 mg/L 50% WPNES对照组相当。4.0 g/m2 25% PBU室内喷洒 1、3、7 d的钉螺死亡率分别为64.23%、96.67%和100.00%,与1.0 g/m2 50% WPNES杀螺效果差异无统计学意义（P均 > 0.05）。1、2、4 g/m3 25% PBU现场浸杀1 d后钉螺死亡率分别为90.00%、93.33%和100.00%,与1.0 g/m3 50% WPNES浸杀效果差异均无统计学意义（P均 > 0.05）。2.0 g/m2和4.0 g/m2 25% PBU现场喷洒3 d后钉螺死亡率分别为86.36%和87.72%,与1.0 g/m2 50% WPNES灭螺效果差异均无统计学意义（P均 > 0.05）。25% PBU对鲤鱼苗24、48、72 h的LC50值分别为29.38、24.62、23.38 mg/L;72 h观察期内, 17.5 mg/L及以下浓度组未发现鱼苗死亡现象。 结论　25% PBU是一种可应用于鱼塘等环境灭螺的生态保护型新型杀螺剂,其在云南省血吸虫病流行区现场浸杀灭螺的建议剂量为1 g/m3,喷洒灭螺建议剂量为2 g/m2。     

氯硝柳胺稻田浸杀灭螺不同施药方式的灭螺效果

目的观察氯硝柳胺稻田浸杀灭螺不同施药方式的灭螺效果。方法选择6处稻田,以50％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂浸杀量2g/m2,采用撒粉、喷洒、泼洒3种施药方式,灭螺后不同时间比较3种施药方式的灭螺效果和操作繁简。结果灭螺后7d钉螺3种施药方式的钉螺死亡率为91．97％“96．15％之间,平均活螺密度由灭前的8．12只／m2下降到0．51只／m2,降幅93．71％,撒粉法的钉螺死亡率和活螺密度降幅略高于喷洒法和泼洒法,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。撒粉、喷洒、泼洒3法的劳动力成本比例为1：2：3。结论氯硝柳胺浸杀灭螺剂量2g／m2稻田浸杀灭螺效果好,撒粉施药方式具有操作简便,不需要特殊器具,省工省时等优点,建议现场稻田浸杀灭螺中推广使用撒粉法施药。     

50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂在山丘地区的灭螺效果

目的现场评价50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂(50%SC)在山丘地区灭螺效果,并与传统灭螺药物相比较。方法选择泥沟环境采用喷洒法,分别按50%SC 1 g/m~2和2 g/m~2的浓度施药、设50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂(50%WPN)和清水进行对照试验。灭螺3 d、7 d和15 d后观察钉螺死亡率、活螺密度等变化,比较不同浓度药物的现场喷洒杀螺效果。结果灭螺3 d、7 d和15 d后,1 g/m~2的50%SC试验组的钉螺校正死亡率分别为73.71%、78.81%和83.25%。2 g/m~2的50%SC试验组的钉螺校正死亡率分别为88.57%、91.87%和95.30%;WPN对照组的钉螺校正死亡率分别为82.91%、87.38%和89.04%。结论 50%SC在山丘地区灭螺试验效果较好,喷洒推荐剂量为1~2 g/m~2。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。